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We show that a computable function
$f:\mathbb R\rightarrow \mathbb R$
has Luzin’s property (N) if and only if it reflects
$\Pi ^1_1$
-randomness, if and only if it reflects
$\Delta ^1_1({\mathcal {O}})$
-randomness, and if and only if it reflects
${\mathcal {O}}$
-Kurtz randomness, but reflecting Martin–Löf randomness or weak-2-randomness does not suffice. Here a function f is said to reflect a randomness notion R if whenever
$f(x)$
is R-random, then x is R-random as well. If additionally f is known to have bounded variation, then we show f has Luzin’s (N) if and only if it reflects weak-2-randomness, and if and only if it reflects
$\emptyset '$
-Kurtz randomness. This links classical real analysis with algorithmic randomness.
We present an overview of higher randomness and its recent developments. After an introduction, we provide in the second section some background on higher computability, presenting in particular $\Pi^1_1$ and $\Sigma^1_1$ sets from the viewpoint of the computability theorist. In the third section we give an overview of the different higher randomness classes: $\Delta^1_1$-randomness, $\Pi^1_1$-Martin-Löf randomness, higher weak-2 randomness, higher difference randomness, and $\Pi^1_1$-randomness. We then move on to study each of these classes, separating them and inspecting their respective lowness classes. We put more attention on $\Pi^1_1$-Martin-Löf randomness and $\Pi^1_1$-randomness: The former is the higher analogue of the most well-known and studied class in classical algorithmic randomness. We show in particular how to lift the main classical randomness theorems to the higher settings by putting continuity in higher reductions and relativisations. The latter presents, as we will see, many remarkable properties and does not have any analogue in classical randomness. Finally in the eighth section we study randomness along with a higher hierarchy of complexity of sets, motivated by the notion of higher weak-2 randomness. We show that this hierarchy collapses eventually.
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