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Chapter 74 - HIV infection
from Section 3 - Symptomatic epilepsy
- By P. Satishchandra, S. Sinha
Edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Frederick Andermann, Renzo Guerrini
Book:

The Causes of Epilepsy

Published online:

05 March 2012

Print publication:

14 April 2011, pp 520-527
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Summary

Cerebral palsy (CP) affects between 2 and 3 per 1000 live births and is thought to be the most common cause of serious physical disability in childhood. A widely used topographical classification of CP has been formulated by the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe group. This divides CP into spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic subtypes. Children with CP due to central nervous system (CNS) malformation, infection, and gray matter damage were more likely to have epilepsy than those with CP due to white matter damage. The predominant type is focal seizures or focal seizures evolving into secondary generalized tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures. The majority of CP etiologies can be established based on a detailed history, examination, and neuroimaging without the need for other investigations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice. Epilepsy surgery can have a good outcome particularly for children with hemiplegia.