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3 results

Mesopotamian Civilization and the Origins of the New Testament
  • Robin Baker
  • Published online:
    09 July 2022
    Print publication:
    30 June 2022
  • In this ground-breaking study, Robin Baker investigates the contribution ancient Mesopotamian theology made to the origins of Christianity. Drawing on a formidable range of primary sources, Baker's conclusions challenge the widely held opinion that the theological imprint of Babylonia and Assyria on the New Testament is minimal, and what Mesopotamian legacy it contains was mediated by the Hebrew Bible and ancient Jewish sources. After evaluating and substantially supplementing previous research on this mediation, Baker demonstrates significant direct Mesopotamian influence on the New Testament presentation of Jesus and particularly the character of his kingship. He also identifies likely channels of transmission. Baker documents substantial differences among New Testament authors in borrowing Mesopotamian conceptions to formulate their Christology. This monograph is an essential resource for specialists and students of the New Testament as well as for scholars interested in religious transmission in the ancient Near East and the afterlife of Mesopotamian culture.

  • 6 - Royal Illness and Arrogance

  • from Part II - Flawed Personalities and Divine Judgment
  • Isabel Cranz, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book:
    Royal Illness and Kingship Ideology in the Hebrew Bible
    Published online:
    19 November 2020
    Print publication:
    22 October 2020, pp 164-186

  • Summary

    The two cases of royal illness examined in this chapter are framed by arrogance. First, Uzziah’s affliction with צרעת is preceded by his arrogance in attempting to take over the priestly duties at the temple (2 Chr 26:16–23). Second, arrogance plays a role in Hezekiah’s illness when the king provokes divine wrath by not responding with gratitude to being healed (2 Chr 32:24–25). This chapter shows how the Chronicler expands on the incident of Uzziah’s צרעת with the purpose of making a point about the destructive nature of sacrilege (מעל) and the limits of royal involvement in the temple cult. For Hezekiah’s illness, the Chronicler highlights the importance of humility (כנע) when faced with divine wrath. The respective portrayals of Uzziah and Hezekiah teach us about the correct response to divine anger while placing into sharper focus the danger of hubris that comes with power and success. Lastly, sacrilege (מעל) at the temple and a lack of humility (כנע) on the part of the king also play a role in the last days of Judah insofar as the events surrounding the illness of Uzziah and Hezekiah resonate with the eventual annihilation of Judah and Jerusalem.

  • 11 - Israel and Judah from Jehu until the Period of Assyrian Domination (841–c. 750 B.C.)

  • from PART II - THE MIDDLE EAST
  • Edited by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Ancient History
    Published online:
    28 March 2008
    Print publication:
    05 August 1982, pp 488-510

  • Summary

    Late in the year of Jehu's purge, it seems likely that the Assyrians first set foot on Israelite territory. From the political point of view Jehu's purge had alienated Israel's former allies, Judah and Phoenicia, many of whose nationals had perished in the slaughter, and, with a weakened internal leadership structure, Jehu was now doubly vulnerable. After Shalmaneser's campaign of 841, when Aram was invaded and Damascus besieged, the Assyrians had been otherwise preoccupied, and Hazael had enjoyed a period of respite. In the southern kingdom, Amaziah continued to reign during the first fifteen years of Jeroboam's period of sole rule. The reign of Uzziah is given relatively brief treatment in Kings, but Chronicles presents him as an active and far-sighted ruler. Level IX at Arad is probably to be dated to Uzziah's time. Under Jeroboam II and Uzziah, the territory of Israel and Judah extended once more almost as far as the boundaries of David's kingdom two centuries earlier.