This chapter starts with rationale, counselling regarding potential benefits and risks and inclusion and exclusion criteria for spina bifida surgery before birth. Pre-operative assessment is outlined and technical aspects are illustrated and described.

This chapter covers indications, technical aspects and pre- and post-procedure management for laser fetoscopy, radiofrequency ablation, bipolar coagulation, interstitial laser, fetoscopy for twin–twin transfusion syndrome and various interventions for selective growth restriction and twin anaemia polycythaemia sequence. The chapter also includes description of tracheal occlusion (FET), intervention for chorioangioma and fetal cystoscopy.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the second and third trimesters. The chapter has seven sections (head and neck, fetal heart, thoracic and pulmonary abnormalities, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract and skeletal abnormalities). All sections are richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the second and third trimesters. The chapter has seven sections (head and neck, fetal heart, thoracic and pulmonary abnormalities, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract and skeletal abnormalities). All sections are richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the second and third trimesters. The chapter has seven sections (head and neck, fetal heart, thoracic and pulmonary abnormalities, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract and skeletal abnormalities). All sections are richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This chapters covers definitions, detection, investigation, counselling and management of large for gestational age fetuses.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the second and third trimesters. The chapter has seven sections (head and neck, fetal heart, thoracic and pulmonary abnormalities, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract and skeletal abnormalities). All sections are richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This chapter covers indications and legal framework for termination of pregnancy on fetal grounds. Management protocols including post-procedure management are provided for medical and surgical options and termination of pregnancy after trans-abdominal cerclage. This chapter also describes the technique for fetocide in singleton and multiple pregnancy.

This chapter describes characteristics, ultrasound assessment, counselling and management of pregnancies with single umbilical artery, umbilical cord cysts, cord knots, vasa praevia, velamentous cord insertion, marginal cord insertions and hyper- or hypocoiling of the umbilical cord.

This chapter starts with definitions of teratogens and susceptibility of a fetus to a teratogenic insult depending on the phases of the exposure. The basic principles of counselling regarding drug use in pregnancy are outlined. Risks of congenital malformations are presented in a tabular form for the following classes of drugs: antibiotics, anticoagulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilisers, antiepileptics, antihypertensives, autoimmune disease drugs, chemotherapy agents, abortifacients, vitamins.

Possible teratogenic effects of substance misuse and ionising radiation are also included.

This chapter starts with general principles including counselling, antiseptic procedures and post-procedure management. Specific issues including procedure-related risk and technical aspects are included separately for chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, fetal taps, amniodrainage, amnioinfusion, fetal blood transfusion and both vesico-amniotic and pleural shunting.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the first trimester. The chapter has nine sections (head and neck, heart, chest, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skeletal system, hydrops, placenta, and umbilical cord) richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This richly illustrated chapter includes description of phenotypic characteristics, type of inheritance and fetal features detectable on ultrasound or MRI for 57 genetic syndromes.

This chapter covers definitions, possible presentations and investigations in cases of Rhesus incompatibility. Subsequent management is divided into plans for cases without history of immune disease, those with history of immune disease and management of fetuses with raised middle cerebral artery Doppler and those with ascites.

This chapter describes clinical presentation, interpretation of maternal serology, management and counselling for the following infections: cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, varicella zoster, rubella, measles, Zika, toxoplasmosis and syphilis.

This chapter covers definitions and characteristics, ultrasound assessment, investigations, counselling and management of fetal anomalies encountered in the second and third trimesters. The chapter has seven sections (head and neck, fetal heart, thoracic and pulmonary abnormalities, spine, abdomen, genitourinary tract and skeletal abnormalities). All sections are richly illustrated with ultrasound pictures, X-ray fetograms and pathological specimens.

This chapter starts with indications for cervical length measurements and illustrations depicting the correct measurement technique. Management algorithms based on cervical length are presented for low-risk singletons, singletons with risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth and for twin pregnancies with short cervix.

This chapter covers definitions, characteristics, initial ultrasound assessment and investigations of fetal hydrops that presents in the second or third trimester. Subsequent management is described for two distinct clinical scenarios, namely fetuses with raised middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler velocities and those with normal MCA velocities.

The first part of this chapter covers the zygosity, chorionicity and amnionicity, dating and labelling of multiple pregnancy and specific issues related to aneuploidy screening. The section on management of twin pregnancy is split into three subsections based on chorionicity: dichorionic–diamniotic (DCDA) , monochorionic–diamniotic (MCDA) and monochorionic–monoamniotic (MCMA) twin pregnancy. This chapter also covers management of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence, conjoined twins and higher–order multiple pregnancy.