From the safety inside vehicles, Knowsley Safari offers visitors a close-up encounter with captive olive baboons. As exiting vehicles may be contaminated with baboon stool, a comprehensive coprological inspection was conducted to address public health concerns. Baboon stools were obtained from vehicles, and sleeping areas, inclusive of video analysis of baboon–vehicle interactions. A purposely selected 4-day sampling period enabled comparative inspections of 2662 vehicles, with a total of 669 baboon stools examined (371 from vehicles and 298 from sleeping areas). As informed by our pilot study, front-line diagnostic methods were: QUIK-CHEK rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (Giardia and Cryptosporidium), Kato–Katz coproscopy (Trichuris) and charcoal culture (Strongyloides). Some 13.9% of vehicles were contaminated with baboon stool. Prevalence of giardiasis was 37.4% while cryptosporidiosis was <0.01%, however, an absence of faecal cysts by quality control coproscopy, alongside lower than the expected levels of Giardia-specific DNA, judged RDT results as misleading, grossly overestimating prevalence. Prevalence of trichuriasis was 48.0% and strongyloidiasis was 13.7%, a first report of Strongyloides fuelleborni in UK. We advise regular blanket administration(s) of anthelminthics to the colony, exploring pour-on formulations, thereafter, smaller-scale indicator surveys would be adequate.

Increased computing capacity and the spread of computational knowledge has generated the expectation that organizations and municipalities use large quantities of data to drive decision making. However, municipalities may lack the resources to meaningfully use their data for decision making. Relatedly, political science and public administration programs face the challenge of training students for success in this environment. We believe one remedy is the adoption of coproduction as a pedagogical strategy. This article presents a case study of a partnership between a university research team and a municipal emergency communications center as a demonstration of how coproduction can be harnessed as a teaching tool. Findings from this project were presented at the Southern Political Science Association Annual Meeting, January 8–11, 2020, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

We provide the first examination of hedge fund boards and their directors. The majority of directorships are held by extremely busy independent directors. These directors are sought by funds because they have more reputational capital at stake, making them independent and credible monitors whose presence can certify fund quality to investors. Busy independent directors are more likely to be hired by high-quality funds, and their departure from the board is associated with investor withdrawals. Moreover, funds with busy independent directors are less likely to commit fraud, abuse discretionary liquidity restrictions, or engage in performance-based risk shifting.

With the shift to earlier maturing soybean cultivars, harvest interference data are needed at low weed densities that will not reduce yield, but may affect soybean quality or harvesting efficiency. Field experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine the density of five weeds necessary to warrant desiccation treatments. There were no consistent differences in losses of harvestable soybean due to weed density. Common cocklebur increased foreign material and soybean moisture at a greater rate than did hemp sesbania, ivyleaf morningglory, or redroot pigweed, with sicklepod intermediate among these species. Soybean test weight was reduced by 17, 13, and 59 g/L for each plant/meter of row with redroot pigweed, sicklepod, and common cocklebur, respectively, whereas hemp sesbania and ivyleaf morningglory did not affect test weight. However, all species evaluated increased damaged soybean seeds by 8.2 to 11.1% for each plant/meter of row. Combine speed was not affected substantially by the weed densities evaluated.

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Mississippi in 1995 and 1996 to evaluate labeled and alternative herbicides and herbicide combinations for weed desiccation prior to soybean harvest. Weeds evaluated included pitted morningglory, hemp sesbania, spotted spurge, common cocklebur, and sicklepod. Soybean yield and harvestable soybean losses were not affected by preharvest herbicide treatments, spray volume, or surfactant concentration. Soybean moisture was most consistently reduced by glufosinate compared to the untreated and other herbicides and herbicide combinations evaluated. Most desiccation treatments at Stoneville and Brooksville resulted in foreign material similar to the weed-free check. Glufosinate at 0.84, 1.1, and 1.4 kg ai/ha desiccated all weeds evaluated 90% or more with no differences among rates. The addition of 3.4 or 6.7 kg ai/ha sodium chlorate to 0.28 kg ai/ha paraquat, 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha glyphosate, or 0.28 and 0.56 kg ai/ha oxyfluorfen increased desiccation of most weeds evaluated, with no difference between sodium chlorate rates. In some instances, reducing application volume from 281 to 94 L/ha improved pitted morningglory desiccation when 0.28 g/ha paraquat was applied alone. There were no differences between 0.25 and 0.50% (v/v) surfactant for most parameters evaluated.

Field research was conducted for 2 yr to evaluate response of corn and rice to simulated drift rates of a commercial premix of imazethapyr plus imazapyr [3:1 (w/w)]. Drift rates of the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix represented 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.3, and 12.5% of the usage rate of 63 g ai/ha (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 7.9 g/ha, respectively). The imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix applied to six-leaf corn at 7.9 g/ha reduced height 11% compared with the nontreated control 7 days after treatment (DAT) but did not affect corn height 14 and 28 DAT. Corn yield was equivalent regardless of imazethapyr plus imazapyr rate and ranged from 10,200 to 11,500 kg/ha. At 28 DAT, rice height was reduced 12% when 7.9 g/ha of the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix was applied early postemergence (EPOST) at two- to three-leaf and 14 and 5% when the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix at 7.9 and 4 g/ha, respectively, was applied late postemergence (LPOST) at panicle differentiation. Reductions in mature rice height of 11 and 6% were observed when the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix was applied LPOST at 7.9 and 4 g/ha, respectively, and a 5% reduction was observed for 7.9 g/ha of the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix applied EPOST. Application of the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix EPOST at 7.9 g/ha delayed heading in only 1 yr, but heading was delayed both years when applied LPOST. Rice yield was reduced 39 and 16% when the imazethapyr plus imazapyr premix was applied LPOST at 7.9 and 4 g/ha, respectively, compared with a 9% yield reduction for 7.9 g/ha applied EPOST.

A very large amount of valuable work has been done in measuring the forces on models of aeroplane surfaces placed in a wind channel, and the results obtained are of the greatest value to the designer. Doubt has however been thrown on the applicability of the results obtained to calculations referring to the full–size aeroplane in flight, and it is of great importance to obtain definite information regarding the corrections, if any, which should be applied to the wind channel results. The experiments described below were made with the object of comparing the pressure-distribution on an aeroplane wing in flight with the distribution measured on a model of the same wing in a wind channel. The measurements were carried out on an aeroplane constructed by the writer, which for the purpose: of the experiments was flown over the sands at Llanddona, on the east coast of Anglesey. The beach at this place is an ideal one for experiments of this nature, there being a stretch of hard level sand obtainable fully three miles long and over a mile broad.

Among the various experimental data which are required in the discussion of the theory and design of the aeroplane, there are none of greater importance than those relating to surface friction, while at the same time there are none about which greater uncertainty prevails.

Owing to the difficulty of separating skin friction from head resistance, very little can be learnt from observations on actual machines in flight, while on the other hand, if we turn to laboratory experiments on the resistance of planes, we are met with the most bewildering variations in the values obtained for it. Many of the most careful experimenters make out that it is quite inappreciable while others maintain that it is from 1—4 per cent. of the normal pressure, and therefore forms an important part of the drift at small angles of attack.

This is the first report of styliolines in the Angola Shale Member of the West Falls Formation in western New York. These specimens are of late Frasnian age and are the youngest individuals known from the Appalachian Region. This upward extension of range places the extinction of styliolines in eastern North America more in accord with their time of extinction in Europe. Nowakiids have also been found in the younger Hanover Shale Member, in the upper part of the Java Formation, also of late Frasnian age. These are the youngest known nowakiids from the Appalachians. Within the limits of preservation, the external characters and wall structure of the Angola styliolines are comparable with those of older specimens. The associated rare small annulated nowakiids and homotcenids have a laminated wall structure fundamentally different from that of the styliolines.

There is limited evidence of the prevalence of enteric protozoon infections in developed settings. We estimated the prevalence of enteric protozoa and evaluated the outcome of testing algorithms used in hospital settings in Sydney, Australia. This retrospective study assessed microbiological data from four public clinical laboratories. Pooled data from the four hospitals revealed the most common enteric protozoon detected was Blastocystis spp. in an average of 5·4% of cases, followed by Giardia intestinalis (1·1%) and Dientamoeba fragilis (0·8%). Protozoon detection rates between hospitals were significantly different and could be based on multiple factors. The modified iron haematoxylin staining method, consistently detected higher rates of Blastocystis spp., and G. intestinalis in comparison with microscopy of wet preparations, as well as higher rates of G. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium when compared with enzyme immunoassay. The study concludes that there are multiple factors that contribute to the variability in protozoa detection rates in metropolitan hospitals, including widespread variability in the testing protocols for enteric protozoa, individual and population characteristics. A gold standard approach for diagnosis of enteric protozoa is recommended. Molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction would provide consistency across laboratories and yield more reliable estimates of the actual prevalence of enteric protozoa.

The Critically Endangered Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis formerly ranged across South-east Asia. Hunting and habitat loss have made it one of the rarest large mammals and the species faces extinction despite decades of conservation efforts. The number of individuals remaining is unknown as a consequence of inadequate methods and lack of funds for the intensive field work required to estimate the population size of this rare and solitary species. However, all information indicates that numbers are low and declining. A few individuals persist in Borneo, and three tiny populations remain on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and show evidence of breeding. Rhino Protection Units are deployed at all known breeding sites but poaching and a presumed low breeding rate remain major threats. Protected areas have been created for the rhinoceros and other in situ conservation efforts have increased but the species has continued to go locally extinct across its range. Conventional captive breeding has also proven difficult; from a total of 45 Sumatran rhinoceros taken from the wild since 1984 there were no captive births until 2001. Since then only two pairs have been actively bred in captivity, resulting in four births, three by the same pair at the Cincinnati Zoo and one at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary in Sumatra, with the sex ratio skewed towards males. To avoid extinction it will be necessary to implement intensive management zones, manage the metapopulation as a single unit, and develop advanced reproductive techniques as a matter of urgency. Intensive census efforts are ongoing in Bukit Barisan Selatan but elsewhere similar efforts remain at the planning stage.