People with severe COVID anxiety have significant fears of contagion, physiological symptoms of anxiety in response to a COVID stimulus and employ often disproportionate safety behaviours at the expense of other life priorities.

To characterise the long-term trajectory of severe COVID anxiety, and the factors that influence recovery.

This prospective cohort study followed 285 people with severe COVID anxiety in the UK over 18 months. A nested randomised feasibility trial tested an online cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT)-based intervention (no. ISRCTN14973494). Descriptive statistics and linear regression models identified factors associated with change in COVID anxiety over 18 months.

Most participants experienced major reductions in COVID anxiety over time (69.8% relative cohort mean decrease, P < 0.001), but a quarter of people (23.7%, 95% CI: 17.8–30.1) continued to worry about COVID every day, and for 13% symptoms remained severe even after the ending of all public health restrictions. Increasing age, being from a minority ethnic background that confers greater risk from COVID-19, and the persistence of high levels of health anxiety and depressive symptoms, predicted slower improvements in severe COVID anxiety after adjusting for other clinical and demographic factors. Neither a trial CBT-based intervention, nor contextual factors including daily case rates, vaccination status or having contracted COVID-19, appeared to affect the trajectory of severe COVID anxiety.

For most people severe COVID anxiety improves significantly with time. However, interventions treating depression and health anxiety, and targeting older people and those from greater-risk minority backgrounds, warrant further investigation in future pandemics.

This study explores the impact of heatwaves on emergency calls for assistance resulting in service attendance in the Australian state of Queensland for the period from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2019. The study uses data from the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS), a state-wide prehospital health system for emergency health care.

A retrospective case series using de-identified data from QAS explored spatial and demographic characteristics of patients attended by ambulance and the reason for attendance. All individuals for which there was an emergency call to “000” that resulted in ambulance attendance in Queensland across the ten years were captured. Demand for ambulance services during heatwave and non-heatwave periods were compared. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were constructed exploring ambulance usage patterns during heatwaves and by rurality, climate zone, age groups, sex, and reasons for attendance.

Compared with non-heatwave days, ambulance attendance across Queensland increased by 9.3% during heatwave days. The impact of heatwaves on ambulance demand differed by climate zone (high humidity summer with warm winter; hot dry summer with warm winter; warm humid summer with mild winter). Attendances related to heat exposure, dehydration, alcohol/drug use, and sepsis increased substantially during heatwaves.

Heatwaves are a driver of increased ambulance demand in Queensland. The data raise questions about climatic conditions and heat tolerance, and how future cascading and compounding heat disasters may influence work practices and demands on the ambulance service. Understanding the implications of heatwaves in the prehospital setting is important to inform community, service, and system preparedness.