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38 results

Page 1 of 2

  • 1 - Modern Moral Psychology

  • Edited by Bertram Malle, Brown University, Rhode Island, Philip Robbins, University of Missouri
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Moral Psychology
    Published online:
    20 February 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025, pp 1-30
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  • Summary

    This chapter of the handbook introduces readers to the field of moral psychology as a whole and provides them with a guide to the volume. The authors delineate the landscape of morality in terms of five phenomena extensively studied by moral psychologists: moral behavior, moral judgments, moral sanctions, moral emotions, and moral communication, all against a background of moral standards. They then provide brief overviews of research on a few topics not assigned a dedicated chapter in the book (e.g., the moral psychology of artificial intelligence, free will, and moral responsibility), noting several other topics not treated in depth (e.g., the neuroscience of morality, links between moral and economic behavior, moral learning). In the last section of the chapter, the authors summarize each of the contributed chapters in the book.

  • 9 - Moral Categorization and Mind Perception

  • from Part II - Thinking and Feeling
  • Edited by Bertram Malle, Brown University, Rhode Island, Philip Robbins, University of Missouri
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Moral Psychology
    Published online:
    20 February 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025, pp 198-221

  • Summary

    This chapter of the handbook discusses the role of mind perception in the categorization of individuals as moral agents and moral patients. Moral agents are defined as individuals that can commit morally wrong actions; moral patients are defined as individuals that can be morally wronged. It is generally agreed that the attribution of moral agency and moral patiency is linked to the attribution of mental capacities and traits. The chapter surveys a variety of models of mind perception, some of which focus on the representation of mental capacities, some of which focus on the representation of mental traits. The dominant model of mind perception in moral psychology is the experience-agency model, which divides the space of mindedness into experiential capacities like sentience and self-awareness, and agentic capacities like deliberative reasoning and self-control. Reviewing the empirical literature on moral categorization, the author argues that neither the experience-agency model nor any of the major alternatives to it captures all the factors to which everyday attributions of moral agency and moral patiency are sensitive.

The Cambridge Handbook of Moral Psychology
  • Edited by Bertram Malle, Philip Robbins
  • Published online:
    20 February 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025
  • The Cambridge Handbook of Moral Psychology is an essential guide to the study of moral cognition and behavior. Originating as a philosophical exploration of values and virtues, moral psychology has evolved into a robust empirical science intersecting psychology, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and neuroscience. Contributors to this interdisciplinary handbook explore a diverse set of topics, including moral judgment and decision making, altruism and empathy, and blame and punishment. Tailored for graduate students and researchers across psychology, philosophy, anthropology, neuroscience, political science, and economics, it offers a comprehensive survey of the latest research in moral psychology, illuminating both foundational concepts and cutting-edge developments.

  • Are Frege Cases Exceptions to Intentional Generalizations?

  • Murat Aydede, Philip Robbins
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Philosophy / Volume 31 / Issue 1 / March 2001
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2020, pp. 1-22

  • I Introduction

    Let's assume there are psychological generalizations that the folk rely upon in explaining and predicting the behavior of their fellows. Let's further assume these generalizations are intentional, in that they do their explanatory and predictive work by attributing to the subjects in their domain intentional mental states such as beliefs, desires, and the like. Then we can define a broad intentional psychology as one that adverts only to broad, viz. purely denotational/ truth-conditional, mental contents in its generalizations; so the sentences expressing its generalizations should be read transparently. A narrow psychology is one that is not so restricted. Accordingly, sentences expressing narrow generalizations will contain opaque contexts, indicated by ‘that’ -clauses ('believes that…,’ ‘desires that … ,’ and the like). Here is an example of the sort of generalization we have in mind:

    (G) If S desires that P and believes that S can bring it about that P, then, ceteris paribus, S will try to bring it about that P.

  • Temporal Trends and Future Predictions of Regional EMS System Utilization Using Statistical Modeling

  • Michael J. Carr, Robert Bauter, Philip Shepherd, Vincent Robbins, A.J. McKechnie, Beatrice Cappuccia, Mark A. Merlin
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / February 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 December 2019, pp. 32-40
    Print publication:
    February 2020
  • Introduction:

    Trends in utilization of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems can be used to extrapolate future use of an EMS system, which will be valuable for the budgeting and planning of finances and resources. The best model for incorporation of seasonal and regional fluctuations in utilization to predict future utilization is unknown.

    Problem:

    Authors aimed to trend patterns of utilization in a regional EMS system to identify the needs of a growing population and to allow for a better understanding of how the EMS system is used on a basis of call volume and frequency of EMS transportation. The authors then used a best-fitting prediction model approach to show how the studied EMS system will be used in future years.

    Methods:

    Systems data were retrospectively extracted by using the electronic medical records of the studied EMS system and its computer-assisted dispatch (CAD) database from 2010 through 2017. All EMS dispatches entering the system’s 9-1-1 public service access point were captured. Annual utilization data were available from 2010 through 2017, while quarterly data were available only from 2013 through 2017. The 9-1-1 utilization per capita, Advanced Life Support (ALS) utilization per capita, and ALS cancel rates were calculated and trended over the study period. The methods of prediction were assessed through a best-fitting model approach, which statistically suggested that Additive Winter’s approach (SAS) was the best fit to determine future utilization and ALS cancel rates.

    Results:

    Total 9-1-1 call volume per capita increased by 32.46% between 2010 and 2017, with an average quarterly increase of 0.78% between 2013 and 2017. Total ALS call volume per capita increased by 1.93% between 2010 and 2017. Percent ALS cancellations (cancelled en route to scene) increased by eight percent between 2010 and 2017, with an average quarterly increase of 0.42% (2013–2017). Predictions to end of 2019 using Additive Winter’s approach demonstrated increasing trends in 9-1-1 call volume per capita (R2 = 0.47), increasing trends of ALS utilization per capita (R2 = 0.71), and increasing percent ALS cancellation (R2 = 0.93). Each prediction showed increasing future trends with a 95% confidence interval.

    Conclusions:

    The authors demonstrate paramount per capita increases of 9-1-1 call volume in the studied ALS system. There are concomitant increases of ALS cancellations prior to arrival, which suggests a potential burden on this regional ALS response system.

The Cambridge Handbook of Situated Cognition
  • Edited by Philip Robbins, Murat Aydede
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    03 November 2008
  • Since its inception some fifty years ago, cognitive science has seen a number of sea changes. Perhaps the best known is the development of connectionist models of cognition as an alternative to classical, symbol-based approaches. A more recent - and increasingly influential - trend is that of dynamical-systems-based, ecologically oriented models of the mind. Researchers suggest that a full understanding of the mind will require systematic study of the dynamics of interaction between mind, body, and world. Some argue that this new orientation calls for a revolutionary new metaphysics of mind, according to which mental states and processes, and even persons, literally extend into the environment. This book is a guide to this movement in cognitive science. Each chapter tackles either a specific area of empirical research or specific sector of the conceptual foundation underlying this research.

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