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20 results

Neurosurgery
  • Beyond the Cutting Edge
  • Edited by Benjamin Hartley, Philip E. Stieg, Rohan Ramakrishna, Michael L. J. Apuzzo
  • Published online:
    29 November 2025
    Print publication:
    18 September 2025
  • Neurosurgery is seen as 'inaccessible' to those on the outside, even though collaboration with a variety of non-neurosurgeons is essential to advancing the field. Thus, this book answers important questions for those interested in surgery of the brain: What is the current state of affairs? Where is the field going? And, importantly, how can I be involved? A work of far-reaching appeal, this book explores the evolution and future of brain surgery, detailing key technologies that have and will shape the field of neurosurgery. Readers are led on a journey covering over five thousand years of neurosurgical history, from trepanation in Neolithic France to the understanding of neuroanatomy and finally the technological leaps in the 20th and 21st centuries. Advances such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, microscopy, robotics are discussed by the world's leading experts, providing non-neurosurgical readers with a framework for how they can be involved in this thrilling field.

  • Chapter 1 - Pivotal Moments in the Development of Modern Neurosurgery

  • from Section I - What Came Before
  • Edited by Benjamin Hartley, Weill Cornell Medical Center, Philip E. Stieg, Weill Cornell Medical College, Rohan Ramakrishna, Weill Cornell Medical College, Michael L. J. Apuzzo, Adjunct of Yale Medical School and Weill Cornell Medical College
  • Book:
    Neurosurgery
    Published online:
    29 November 2025
    Print publication:
    18 September 2025, pp 1-12

  • Summary

    Neurosurgery, in some form, has been practiced for millennia. Indeed, archeological evidence suggests it began prior to the dawn of human civilization (1). While we can only speculate as to the characteristics of these early pioneers, the neurosurgeon of recent history is a natural innovator. Our training mandates we develop as physician-scientists; as soldiers battling to unlock the boundless secrets of the nervous system: cognition, emotions, consciousness, neurochemistry and physiology, neurovascular form and function, neuro-oncology, even the basis of the soul itself. Beyond this, we are also its stewards. Neuroscience is one of the most poorly understood fields of biology, and as such, the neurosurgeon’s charge to restore the brain, spine, and nerves to a healthy state requires operating within this darkness. It is our duty to constantly evolve our field, moving the dial of knowledge to provide better care for our patients.

  • 25 - Transplantation of neural stem cells: cellular and gene therapy in pediatric hypoxic–ischemic brain injury

  • from Part VIII - Neurogenesis and plasticity
    • By Kook In Park, Department of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea and Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, & Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, Philip E. Stieg, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Evan Y. Snyder, Department of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, & Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
  • Edited by Pak H. Chan, Stanford University, California
  • Book:
    Cerebrovascular Disease
    Published online:
    02 November 2009
    Print publication:
    28 March 2002, pp 299-316

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Stroke is the third most common cause of death, and being among the most common causes of severe disability in adults of developed countries accounts for a large proportion of health care costs. Its impact on individual patients, their families and society as a whole is immense. Approximately 200 per 100000 adults per year will have their first stroke. Because the incidence of stroke increases with age, the absolute number of patients with stroke is likely to increase even more, given that the population of aged adults is also increasing. However, brain injury from ischemia does not affect only the adult population. It is a major cause of mortality and severe neurodevelopmental disability (cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy and learning disabilities) in the pediatric – especially the newborn – population. The drain on resources to support such children (often long into adulthood or an entire lifetime) is also quite significant. Although the etiologies for ischemic brain injury in adults and children may differ, much of the pathophysiology underlying neural cell death and dysfunction is quite similar. In the case of newborn infants, despite advances in technology allowing better obstetric and neonatal care and a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia, the incidence of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates has remained essentially unchanged over the last few decades.