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Page 1 of 4

  • The burden of healthcare-associated infections in New Zealand public hospitals 2021

  • Arthur J. Morris, Mike Hensen, Nicholas Graves, Yiying Cai, Martin Wolkewitz, Sally A. Roberts, Nikki Grae
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 45 / Issue 10 / October 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 October 2024, pp. 1176-1182
    Print publication:
    October 2024
    • Article
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  • Background:

    There are no contemporary data on the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in New Zealand.

    Objectives:

    To estimate the economic burden of HAIs in adults in New Zealand public hospitals by number and monetary value of bed days lost; number of deaths, number of life years lost, and the monetary value (in NZ dollars); Accident Compensation Commission (ACC) HAI treatment injury payments; and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

    Methods:

    The annual incidence rate was calculated from the observed prevalence of HAIs in New Zealand, and length of patient stays. Total HAIs for 2021 were estimated by multiplying adult admissions by incidence rates. The excess length of stay and mortality risk attributed to those with HAI was calculated using a multistate model. Payments for treatment injuries were obtained from the ACC. DALYs for HAIs were estimated from the literature.

    Results:

    The incidence rate of HAI was 4.74%, predicting 24,191 HAIs for 2021, resulting in 76,861 lost bed days, 699 deaths, with 9,371 years of life lost (YoLL). The annual economic burden was estimated to be $955m comprised of $121m for lost bed days, $792m for cost of YoLL, and $43m ACC claims. There were 24,165 DALY which is greater than many other measured injuries in New Zealand, eg motor vehicle traffic crashes with 20,328 DALY.

    Conclusions:

    HAIs are a significant burden for patients, their families, and the public health system. Preventive guidelines for many HAIs exist and a strategic plan is needed to reduce HAIs in New Zealand.

MRI from Picture to Proton
  • 3rd edition
  • Donald W. McRobbie, Elizabeth A. Moore, Martin J. Graves, Martin R. Prince
  • Published online:
    28 April 2017
    Print publication:
    13 April 2017
  • MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.

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