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7 results

Financing Urban Transitions to Climate Neutrality and Increased Resilience in Cities

Financing Urban Transitions to Climate Neutrality and Increased Resilience in Cities
  • Peter B. Meyer, Oleksandr Sushchenko, Zehra Yakut, Paolo Bertoldi, Reimund Schwarze, Benjamin Leffel, Pedro Ninô de Carvalho, Ahmad Garba Khaleel, Joyce Coffee, Jesse M. Keenan, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    January 2026
    Print publication:
    31 January 2026
  • While global financial capital is abundant, it flows into corporate investments and real estate rather than climate change actions in cities. Political will and public pressure are crucial to redirecting funds. Studies of economic impacts underestimate the costs of climate disasters, especially in cities, so they undermine political commitments while understating potential climate-related returns. The shift of corporate approaches towards incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts offers promise for private-sector climate investments but are recently contested. Institutional barriers remain at all levels, particularly in African cities. Since the Global North controls the world's financial markets, new means of increasing funding for the Global South are needed, especially for adaptation. Innovative financial instruments and targeted use of environmental insurance tools can upgrade underdeveloped markets and align urban climate finance with ESG frameworks. These approaches, however, require climate impact data collection, programs to improve cities' and countries' creditworthiness, and trainings. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Planning, Urban Design, and Architecture for Climate Action

Planning, Urban Design, and Architecture for Climate Action
  • Jeffrey Raven, Mattia Federico Leone, Sanjukkta Bhaduri, Christian Braneon, David Corbett, David Driskell, Ursula Eicker, John E. Fernandez, Jing Gan, Anna Hürlimann, Ilana Judah, Michael Neuman, Barbara Norman, Dennis Pamlin, Chao Ren, Rob Roggema, Pourya Salehi, Anne Shellum, Andréa Souza Santos, Joel Towers, Cristina Visconti, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Published online:
    05 November 2025
    Print publication:
    11 December 2025
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • Embedding climate resilient development principles in planning, urban design, and architecture means ensuring that transformation of the built environment helps achieve carbon neutrality, effective adaptation, and well-being for people and nature. Planners, urban designers, and architects are called to bridge the domains of research and practice and evolve their agency and capacity, developing methods and tools consistent across spatial scales to ensure the convergence of outcomes towards targets. Shaping change necessitates an innovative action-driven framework with multi-scale analysis of urban climate factors and co-mapping, co-design, and co-evaluation with city stakeholders and communities. This Element provides analysis on how urban climate factors, system efficiency, form and layout, building envelope and surface materials, and green/blue infrastructure affect key metrics and indicators related to complementary aspects like greenhouse gas emissions, impacts of extreme weather events, spatial and environmental justice, and human comfort. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Justice for Resilient Development in Climate-Stressed Cities

Justice for Resilient Development in Climate-Stressed Cities
  • Diana Reckien, Sirkku Juhola, Anika Nasra Haque, Heba Allah Khalil, Maria Fernanda Lemos, Shuaib Lwasa, Leila Niamir, Juan Camilo Osorio, Cristina Visconti, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Published online:
    12 June 2025
    Print publication:
    10 July 2025
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • Climate impacts and risk, within and across cities, are distributed highly unequally. Cities located in low latitudes are more vulnerable to climate risk and impacts than in high latitudes, due to the large proportion of informal settlements relative to the housing stock and more frequent extremes. According to EM-DAT, about 60% of environmental disasters in cities relate to riverine floods. Riverine floods and heatwaves cause about 33% of deaths in cities. However, cold-waves and droughts impact most people in cities (42% and 39% of all people, respectively). Human vulnerability intersects with hazardous, underserved communities. Frequently affected groups include women, single parents, and low-income elderly. Responses to climatic events are conditioned by the informality of social fabric and institutions, and by inequitable distribution of impacts, decision-making, and outcomes. To ensure climate-resilient development, adaptation and mitigation actions must include the broader urban context of informality and equity and justice principles. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Learning from COVID-19 for Climate-Ready Urban Transformation

Learning from COVID-19 for Climate-Ready Urban Transformation
  • Darshini Mahadevia, Gian C. Delgado-Ramos, Janice Barnes, Joan Fitzgerald, Miho Kamei, Kevin Lanza, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Published online:
    17 February 2025
    Print publication:
    20 March 2025
    • Element
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  • Cities have suffered from three years of the COVID-19 pandemic and are increasingly experiencing exacerbated heatwaves, floods, and droughts due to climate change. Going forward, cities need to address both climate and public health crises effectively while reducing poverty and inequity, often in the context of economic pressure and declining levels of trust in government. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in city readiness for simultaneous responses to pandemics and climate change, particularly in the Global South. However, these concurrent challenges to cities present an opportunity to reformulate current urbanization patterns and the economies and dynamics they enable. This Element focuses on understanding COVID-19's impact on city systems related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and vice versa, in terms of warnings, lessons learned, and calls to action. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

  • The Brazilian Family Health Strategy and the management of intestinal parasitic infections

  • Caroline Ferraz Ignacio, Martha Macedo de Lima Barata, Antonio Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto
  • Journal:
    Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 19 / Issue 4 / July 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 November 2017, pp. 333-343
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  • Aim

    This study analyzed the management of intestinal parasitic infections in the Family Health Strategy covering Brazilian urban slums.

    Background

    The Family Health Strategy is the preferred strategy for providing public, community-based primary health care in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Through this strategy, Family Health teams are responsible for the health of residents of a defined territory, including health promotion, health education and control of neglected tropical diseases such as intestinal parasitic infections.

    Methods

    Knowledge, attitudes and practices surveys were applied with Family Health team members (n=58) and patients (n=571) of an agglomeration of Brazilian urban slums in Rio de Janeiro.

    Findings

    The management of intestinal parasitic infections and health promotion were limited. Health education was not considered an essential aspect of team members’ work and did not include environmental or social determinants of health. Community health workers and urban slum residents presented similar knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding intestinal parasitic infections.

    Conclusions

    Multiple, competing demands promote prioritization of the aspects of care where curative, biomedical activities predominate over prevention and an integral approach to health. However, the complex processes involving the cycle of poverty and disease go beyond the biomedical, limiting the potential for health in urban slums. Implications include a need to better prepare health professionals for primary health care services through reflection on local concerns and the social determinants of health, highlighting the importance of territorialized care and permanent education.

  • 7 - Climate change and human health in cities

  • Edited by Cynthia Rosenzweig, William D. Solecki, Hunter College, City University of New York, Stephen A. Hammer, Columbia University, New York, Shagun Mehrotra, Columbia University, New York
  • Book:
    Climate Change and Cities
    Published online:
    05 August 2012
    Print publication:
    28 April 2011, pp 179-214

  • Summary

    Introduction

    Current climate extremes and projections for future changes to climate have resulted in growing attention to the health effects of climate on all human populations, urban and rural (McMichael et al., 2003; Confalonieri et al., 2007; Costello et al., 2009). Indeed, almost all the impacts of climate change have direct or indirect consequences for human health. However, for a number of reasons, city dwellers – especially those in low- and middle-income nations – are especially vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change.

    In this chapter we present issues and case studies relevant to human health in cities under climate change conditions. In Section 7.2, we discuss the most relevant conclusions from the health chapter of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (Confalonieri et al., 2007), looking at its application to cities. In Section 7.3, we present an overview of urban health outcomes and their climate-related drivers. In Section 7.4 the factors that can modify the impacts of climate change on human health in urban areas are discussed. Section 7.5 presents examples and case studies of adaptations that protect city residents from some of the health impacts and risks posed by climate change. A brief discussion of needed changes in energy, transportation, and other sectors to reduce emissions of harmful pollutants and provide co-benefits for human health is found in Section 7.6. The urgent need for better, more urban focused and targeted research is discussed in Section 7.7. Conclusions are presented in Section 7.8.