Drawing on attribution theory and impression management research, we investigate when and how abused employees engage in different coping strategies and what the interpersonal consequences of the coping strategies are for employees. Specifically, from an employee actor–based perspective, we develop and test a dual-path-mediated moderation model that represents the double-edged sword effect of abusive supervision. Using data from 444 front-line employees, we find that injury initiation motives attribution enhances the positive relationship between abusive supervision and revenge motivation, which in turn is positively related to intimidation, exemplification, and supplication. Conversely, performance promotion motives attribution strengthens the positive relationship between abusive supervision and motivation to reconcile, which in turn is positively associated with ingratiation, self-promotion, and exemplification. Intimidation and supplication are then related to increased interpersonal conflict with leaders, while ingratiation is related to reduced interpersonal conflict with leaders. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and limitations are discussed.

Superstitions are unproven beliefs that shape decision-making. While many studies have examined their influence on corporate financial decisions, few have addressed their impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this study, we focus on the superstition associated with the Chinese zodiac year – a belief linked to bad luck – and investigate its effect on firms’ charitable donations. Drawing on literature concerning stress appraisal, resource building, and corporate philanthropy, and using data from Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2020, we find a positive association between a CEO’s zodiac year and corporate donations. Furthermore, this effect is weakened by CEO’s overconfidence and amplified by increased negative media coverage of CEOs during zodiac years. This study contributes to the literature on the outcomes of superstitions in management, the antecedents of corporate philanthropy, the boundary conditions of stress appraisal, and the agency motivations of corporate philanthropy. Managerial implications are also discussed.

Alterations in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function may underlie the relation between childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors. This study examined how co-occurring patterns of maltreatment types influenced adolescent NSSI behaviors and the mediating role of diurnal cortisol, using a longitudinal design. The sample included 295 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 10.79 years, SD = 0.84 years; 67.1% boys). The study employed latent profile analysis to identify childhood maltreatment patterns and conducted path analysis to examine the mediating mechanism. Four maltreatment patterns were identified: Low Maltreatment (67.8%), High Neglect (15.6%), Moderate Maltreatment (10.2%), and High Abuse with Moderate Neglect (6.4%). Furthermore, compared to the Low Maltreatment profile, adolescents in the High Neglect profile were at increased risk for later NSSI behaviors through higher waking cortisol levels, while those in the High Abuse with Moderate Neglect profile were at increased risk through a steeper diurnal slope. Disturbances in diurnal cortisol rhythm serve as a pathway through which childhood maltreatment “gets under the skin” to lead to adolescent NSSI behaviors. These findings offer promise for identifying maltreated youth at risk for NSSI behaviors and informing targeted prevention strategies.

The study presents a novel approach to address challenges posed by singularities in robotic arm motion, focusing on Cartesian path planning and geometric path adherence. Recognizing limitations in traditional singularity avoidance methods, the research proposes a comprehensive strategy: reconstructing motion patterns in singular regions through singularity-consistent representations, applying arc-length reparameterization to Cartesian geometric paths, and incorporating path curvature as a dynamic weighting factor for sampling interval adjustment. This method achieves a balance between joint velocity smoothness and geometric tracking accuracy in Cartesian space, significantly enhancing the robot’s ability to adhere to prescribed geometric paths, particularly near singularities. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in facilitating smooth singularity transitions, improving joint velocity continuity, and enhancing geometric path adherence. The study contributes to robotic arm path planning by offering a practical solution for applications requiring precise trajectory following and effective singularity handling.

As emerging markets rise, some incumbent firms that once occupied follower positions are now striving for industry leadership, surpassing competitors to become new frontrunners. These firms must overcome both competitive barriers and organizational identity (OI) challenges, constructing a leading organizational identity (LOI) that aligns with their new roles. This study delves into these transformations through the temporality lens of OI, using a comparative analysis of two Chinese firms, and identifies two distinct modes: progressive evolution and radical change. The progressive evolution mode adopts a more gradual, layer-by-layer iterative transition, whereas the radical change mode follows a ‘break and (re)build’ logic to identity structure. Both modes demonstrate a ripple effect of OI’s three structural layers, radiating outward from the core. Temporal dynamics play a pivotal role: the progressive evolution mode aligns with a more stable environment and a future-oriented, long-term temporal perspective, while the radical change mode is linked to a dynamic, unstable environment and a past-oriented, short- and long- term interactive temporal pattern. This study highlights how temporal orientation and temporal horizon shape the construction of an LOI, advancing research on OI construction and its temporal dynamics while providing insights into high-position leaps in emerging markets.

Sentences written in Chinese are composed of continuous sequences of characters, without spaces or other visual cues to mark word boundaries. While skilled L1 readers can efficiently segment this naturally unspaced text into words, little is known about the word segmentation capabilities of L2 readers, including whether they employ the same strategies to process temporary segmental ambiguities. Accordingly, we report two eye movement experiments that investigated the processing of sentences containing temporarily ambiguous “incremental” three-character words (e.g., “体育馆,” meaning “stadium”) whose first two characters could also form a word (“体育,” meaning “sport”), comparing the performance of 48 skilled L1 Chinese readers and 48 high-proficiency L2 Chinese readers in each experiment. Our findings reveal that both groups can process this ambiguity efficiently, employing similar word segmentations strategies. We discuss our findings in relation to models of eye movement control and word recognition in Chinese reading.

Asymptotic flow states with limiting drag modification are explored via direct numerical simulations in a moderate-curvature viscoelastic Taylor–Couette flow of the FENE-P fluid. We show that asymptotic drag modification (ADM) states are achieved at different solvent-to-total viscosity ratios ($\beta$) by gradually increasing the Weissenberg number from 10 to 150. As $\beta$ decreases from 0.99 to 0.90, for the first time, a continuous transition pathway is realised from the maximum drag reduction to the maximum drag enhancement, revealing a complete phase diagram of the ADM states. This transition originates from the competition between Reynolds stress reduction and polymer stress development, namely, a mechanistic change in angular momentum transport. Reduced $\beta$ has been found to effectively enhance elastic instability, suppressing large-scale Taylor vortices while promoting the formation of small-scale elastic Görtler vortices. The enhancement and in turn dominance of small-scale structures result in stronger incoherent transport, facilitating efficient mixing and substantial polymer stress development that ultimately drives the AMD state transition. Further analysis of the scale-decomposed transport equation of turbulent kinetic energy reveals an inverse energy cascade in the gap centre, which is attributed to the polymer-induced energy redistribution: polymers extract more energy from large scales than they can dissipate, with the excess energy redirected to smaller scales. However, the energy accumulating at smaller scales cannot be dissipated immediately and is consequently transferred back to larger scales via nonlinear interactions, thereby unravelling a novel polymer-mediated cycle for the reverse energy cascade. Overall, this study unravels the challenging puzzle of the existence of distinct dynamically connected ADM states and paves the way for coordinated experimental, simulation and theoretical studies of transition pathways to desired ADM states.

In this paper, an ultra-wideband, low-scattering, and stable-gain Fabry–Perot antenna is proposed based on a novel hybrid metasurface. The radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is achieved by employing a 1-bit checkerboard polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) with a high polarization conversion ratio. Moreover, to enhance the antenna gain, broaden the 3-dB gain bandwidth, and maintain stable gain performance within the passband, a nonuniform reflective metasurface with a positively sloped reflection phase is strategically introduced. This metasurface, combined with the tessellated PCM layer, forms a hybrid structure featuring high transmission efficiency. Benefiting from this hybrid metasurface design, the antenna demonstrates a maximum gain enhancement of 4.7 dBi, an average gain improvement of 2.7 dBi, and a 39.8% increase in the 3-dB gain bandwidth. To validate the proposed design methodology, a prototype antenna was fabricated and experimentally measured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated predictions. Specifically, the fabricated antenna exhibits a –10 dB impedance bandwidth of 22.47% (7.23–9.06 GHz), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 18.2% (7–8.4 GHz), and a maximum gain of 17.25 dBi at 7.2 GHz. Additionally, the antenna achieves an RCS reduction bandwidth of 102.3%, with a maximum RCS reduction of 35.3 dB at 13.03 GHz.

We study the temperature–velocity (TV) relation for laminar adiabatic and diabatic hypersonic boundary layers. By applying an asymptotic expansion to the compressible boundary-layer temperature equation, we derive a first-order equation for the TV relation, where the zeroth-order solution is found to be the classical Crocco–Busemann quadratic relation. The ensuing relation predicts accurately the temperature profile by using the velocity for hypersonic boundary layers with Chapman, power and Sutherland viscosity laws, arbitrary heat capacity ratios, variable Prandtl numbers close to unity and Mach number of up to 10. The Mach-number- and wall-temperature-independent quantities in our relation are also investigated. The present relation has the potential to function as a temperature wall model for laminar hypersonic boundary layers, especially for cold-wall cases.

Shanlan upland rice, as a unique local rice germplasm resource in Hainan comprises abundant genetic diversity. One hundred and sixty two Shanlan upland rice accessions collected from diverse ecological regions in Hainan were systematically characterized based on 11 agronomic traits. The rich genetic diversity was confirmed by phenotypic data from two consecutive years (2023 and 2024). Coefficient of variation ranged from 14.11% to 46.04% in 2023 and from 11.45% to 44.82% in 2024, with panicle-related traits (number of primary branches, grain number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, grain number of secondary branches and grain number per main panicle) exhibiting particularly high variation. Correlation analysis revealed highly significant synergistic effects among yield-related traits. Cluster analysis of the 162 accessions consistently classified them into five major groups across both growing seasons. Through grain number per main panicle and seed setting rate investigation, three excellent resources were selected that demonstrated stable and superior performance in both seasons. Notably, Line 69 exhibited outstanding “large panicles with high seed-setting rate,” producing 261.4 and 305 grains per main panicle in 2023 and 2024, respectively, with seed-setting rates reaching 93.79% and 90.07%. This study presents phenotypic data for Shanlan upland rice, offers high-quality breeding materials for subsequent research, and lays a theoretical groundwork for conserving and exploiting Hainan’s rice resources.

There have been three generations of foreign, comparative, and international law (FCIL) librarians in the United States (US) in the postwar era. FCIL librarians of the first generation were foreign lawyers who emigrated to the US after World War II. Those of the second generation were American lawyer-librarians who built the infrastructure of FCIL librarianship into what it is today. The third generation of FCIL librarians includes the authors of this article. We perform many of the same research tasks as our predecessors, but we do so primarily online through an ever-evolving array of new and emerging technologies. This article discusses some core skills of FCIL librarianship that have remained constant over three generations and highlights some select “cool tools” that FCIL librarians of each generation have utilized to perform their work.