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14 results

  • Introduction

  • Edited by Fabrizio Esposito, NOVA Law School (Portugal), Mateusz Grochowski, Tulane University, Louisiana
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Algorithmic Price Personalization and the Law
    Published online:
    20 March 2025
    Print publication:
    27 March 2025, pp 1-26
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  • Summary

    Of the many concerns triggered by the rapid growth of digital commerce and the expansion of the data-based economy, price personalization occupies a prominent yet peculiar position. For many firms, the availability of big data and refined algorithmic tools has opened unprecedented avenues to learn about consumers’ financial and personal standing, market preferences, and transactional behaviour patterns. Building on these insights, firms have (at least to some degree) obtained an ability to make behavioural predictions about the future conduct of their clients, including their interest in a particular assortment of products, responsiveness to certain forms of advertising, and – not least importantly – their willingness to pay a certain price.

The Cambridge Handbook of Algorithmic Price Personalization and the Law
  • Edited by Fabrizio Esposito, Mateusz Grochowski
  • Published online:
    20 March 2025
    Print publication:
    27 March 2025
  • In the current digital era, the growth of digital commerce and the data-driven economy has created new opportunities for firms to predict consumer behavior, including their willingness to pay a certain price. This practice of algorithmic pricing has become a widespread business model, raising concerns among economists and lawyers about its impact on the market and society. The Cambridge Handbook of Algorithmic Price Personalization and the Law is a comprehensive overview of the key debates surrounding algorithmic pricing, written by a multidisciplinary group of scholars with expertise in legal, economic, data science, and marketing research. The Handbook critically examines existing knowledge, identifies weaknesses, and proposes feasible alternatives for legal analysis, market regulation, and protection of vulnerable individuals. This comprehensive overview of algorithmic pricing is a one-stop reference for the political and legal community.

  • Addictive Design as an Unfair Commercial Practice: The Case of Hyper-Engaging Dark Patterns

  • Fabrizio Esposito, Thaís Maciel Cathoud Ferreira
  • Journal:
    European Journal of Risk Regulation / Volume 15 / Issue 4 / December 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 March 2024, pp. 999-1016

  • This article explains why hyper-engaging dark patterns should be considered unlawful in the European Union even though they are very common online, particularly on content-sharing platforms. A hyper-engaging dark pattern is a digital interface with an addictive design: it makes users spend more time interacting with the service by making use of big data analytics and one or more behavioural trait. Hyper-engaging dark patterns are a form of hypernudge. They exploit the dopamine cycle, reduce users’ autonomy and may have additional detrimental health effects. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive should be interpreted as prohibiting them either as a form of undue influence or under the general test pursuant to Article 5. Both the Digital Services Act and the Artificial Intelligence Act can play a beneficial but merely complementary role in combatting the diffusion of hyper-engaging dark patterns.

  • Frontotemporal degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a longitudinal MRI one-year study

  • Francesca Trojsi, Federica Di Nardo, Mattia Siciliano, Giuseppina Caiazzo, Cinzia Femiano, Carla Passaniti, Dario Ricciardi, Antonio Russo, Alvino Bisecco, Sabrina Esposito, Maria Rosaria Monsurrò, Mario Cirillo, Gabriella Santangelo, Fabrizio Esposito, Gioacchino Tedeschi
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 26 / Issue 3 / June 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 February 2020, pp. 258-267
  • Objective

    Advanced neuroimaging techniques may offer the potential to monitor disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative, multisystem disease that still lacks therapeutic outcome measures. We aim to investigate longitudinal functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes in a cohort of patients with ALS monitored for one year after diagnosis.

    Methods

    Resting state functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and voxel-based morphometry analyses were performed in 22 patients with ALS examined by six-monthly MRI scans over one year.

    Results

    During the follow-up period, patients with ALS showed reduced functional connectivity only in some extramotor areas, such as the middle temporal gyrus in the left frontoparietal network after six months and in the left middle frontal gyrus in the default mode network after one year without showing longitudinal changes of cognitive functions. Moreover, after six months, we reported in the ALS group a decreased fractional anisotropy (P = .003, Bonferroni corrected) in the right uncinate fasciculus. Conversely, we did not reveal significant longitudinal changes of functional connectivity in the sensorimotor network, as well as of gray matter (GM) atrophy or of DTI metrics in motor areas, although clinical measures of motor disability showed significant decline throughout the three time points.

    Conclusion

    Our findings highlighted that progressive impairment of extramotor frontotemporal networks may precede the appearance of executive and language dysfunctions and GM changes in ALS. Functional connectivity changes in cognitive resting state networks might represent candidate radiological markers of disease progression.