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As a political-economic thinker, Giovanni Botero is mostly remembered for identifying the importance of industrial production to economic growth. This article expands our understanding of his political-economic thought by examining his ideas about wealth-producing effects of aquatic resources. In several publications from the late 1580s and 1590s, he discussed waterways as strategic technologies of commercial navigation and urged princes to improve their territories to create this affordance where it lacked naturally. I argue that orderly waterscapes, which facilitated access to sundry resources and occasioned all manner of economic activity, were for Botero among the most critical determinants of secular grandezza, or greatness.
PDS scholarship tends to be published across a vast array of disparate venues and, because of this, researchers and practitioners often struggle to make sense of what we know about PDS implementations. We initiated a search of journal-length studies related to PDS and confronted a concerning obstacle: very few of the published studies focused on PDS as an entity. In short, while there are numerous publications that highlight the contribution of PDS to classrooms or groups of teachers and several studies that explore the implementation of educational practices in PDS spaces, these studies rarely examine PDS as a multifaceted, systemic institutional practice involving multiple stakeholders, and extending across institutions. Thus, in this chapter, we present our journey to identify studies that treat PDS as an entity. We then situate our analysis within the history of PDS review scholarship and highlight implications for future research.
Objectives/Goals: Micro-credentials (MCs) or digital badges are short programs designed to allow learners to gain knowledge and skills at their own pace to tailor their professional development. This study aims to examine the characteristics of learners completing MCs and explore their motivation for pursuing MCs through the University at Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) program. Methods/Study Population: Currently, the CTSI offers five MCs in Effective Teaching, Good Clinical Practice, Responsible Research, Scientific Communication, and Translational Teamwork. Individuals who completed an MC (2019–2024) were identified by the UB Office of Micro-credentials. An invitation email and two reminders were sent to all individuals who received MCs asking them to complete a short online survey in July-August 2024. The survey included three questions about the type(s) of MCs completed, learners’ motivation for pursuing MCs, and perceived or actual benefits of completing an MC. The questions included multiple choice, select all that apply, and open-ended format, respectively. The survey was sent using Google Forms; data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We received 25 completed surveys (29% response rate). Results/Anticipated Results: Since 2019, 85 individuals completed MCs at Buffalo CTSI including 21 faculty, 18 trainees, 26 students, and 20 staff. The most popular MC, Responsible Research (65% of completers), is based on the Responsible Conduct of Research series, which consists of modules on authorship ethics, ethical use of animals (IACUC) and human subjects (IRB), conflicts of interest/commitment, and responsible data acquisition and management. We found that 33% of responders were motivated to obtain the MC to advance their career and for professional development, 30% for lifelong learning, and 23% intended to use the badges to showcase their proficiency to potential employers. The greatest benefits reported were to obtain knowledge/skills for their professional career (46%) and improve their ability to receive research funding (14%). Discussion/Significance of Impact: Micro-credentials are valuable learning tools to stay current on changing research requirements, with ability to engage asynchronously. Badges also provide unique professional development opportunities for students and research workforce (staff and community stakeholders) who have limited resources (time and money).
Chapter 5, Potting Traditions, Craft Learning, and Product Innovation, investigates traditions in production through intergenerational learning and then considers how product innovations are introduced. Moving beyond models that privilege consumer demand as the primary driver for product change, this chapter balances consumer interests with those of the workshop and long-established local potting traditions.
Chapter 3, Process, People, and Working Conditions, focuses specifically on the labor dynamics of these workshops in order to appreciate how the workplace and production process structured the working lives of complex labor groups with different specializations, statuses, and working conditions.
Chapter 1 introduces the themes, objectives, and chronological and geographic parameters of the volume. It also argues for the importance of potters as a usual case study for everyday professions of the Romans. This is because, while we have relatively few textual accounts about potters, it is nonetheless a profession that has left extensive and easily recognized archaeological remains, as well as ubiquitous and well-studied products.
Chapter 7, Internal Social Dynamics of Industry Clusters: Cooperation and Competition, considers the important role of workshop nucleation in creating communities of production, which witnessed complex dynamics of collaboration, as well as competition among workshops.
Chapter 8, Urban Industry, Topographies, and Community Relations, looks at pottery workshops in urban contexts; often seen as urban outcasts relegated to peri-urban areas, the place of ceramic workshops is instead seen as dynamically placed between a range of push-and-pull factors that change through time and through the history of cities.
Chapter 4, Cultural Practices and Ritual Lives of Potters in the Workshop, uses the archaeology of these workplaces to reconstruct daily life in the workshop. More than simply an economic hub of manufacturing, the workshop comes to be seen as a place of social experience and meaning to its occupants.
Chapter 2, Workshops: Models versus Practice, relates the archaeological evidence of pottery workshops from the eastern Mediterranean within several well-established socioeconomic models of production organization. Then, drawing on more recent theoretical approaches, it considers alternative arrangements as reflecting important cultural practices.