Migration challenges how we think about justice and state sovereignty. This is no less the case for political theorists, and this review symposium focuses on the work of one of the foremost political theorists working on these questions today. In his latest book – Strangers in Our Midst: The Political Philosophy of Migration – David Miller argues for a realist approach to migration, an approach that takes into consideration not just what we ought to do, but also the actual possibilities of implementing justice. In this regard, the relationship between (im)migration and state sovereignty and democracy is central. Miller’s approach is a ‘political’ one that seeks to take into consideration the fact that we live in political communities with (more or less) shared values, and that these political communities cannot easily be disentangled from the liberal democratic institutions of these states. In their reviews of Miller’s book, Sarah Song, Annie Stilz and Kieran Oberman all take issues with particular aspects of Miller’s approach, while also accepting the general thrust to think about migration in the context of state and popular sovereignty.

Effective waterhemp management in crop rotations that include sugar beet requires a proactive approach, starting with robust weed management in the preceding crop. Sugar beet is vulnerable to weeds due to its poor competitiveness during its early growth stages and a limited availability of effective herbicide options within this rotation. This research aimed to evaluate multi-tactic weed management strategies, including planting soybean in narrow rows with low- and high-input treatments, and a high-input treatment plus harvest-time weed seed control (HWSC) simulation, on waterhemp control and seed production in soybean, and their effects on waterhemp density in the following sugar beet crop. Field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2023 in Franklin, Moorhead, and Rosemount, Minnesota. Soybean planted in narrow rows closed the canopy earlier at Franklin in 2021 and at Moorhead in 2022. Soybean row spacing did not affect waterhemp control, density, biomass, or seed production at any site-year. A high-input treatment consisting of flumioxazin applied preemergence followed by (fb) an early postemergence application of lactofen + acetochlor fb a late-postemergence application of 2,4-D + glyphosate provided ≥95% waterhemp control at harvest at all site-years and seed production was reduced to 0 seeds m−2 at Franklin and Rosemount. At those locations, waterhemp control at harvest was comparable among all high-input herbicide treatments. Soybean planted in narrow rows yielded 9.4% and 18.5% more than soybean planted in wide rows at Franklin and Rosemount, respectively, while no yield difference was observed at Moorhead. Waterhemp emergence in the subsequent season’s sugar beet crop fell by 72% to 92% at the Franklin site in 2022, Moorhead in 2023, and Rosemount in 2023 after high-input herbicide treatments. However, adding HWSC to a high-input treatment did not result in a further reduction of waterhemp density. In this research, 1 yr of effective waterhemp control with high-input herbicide treatments in soybean reduced waterhemp emergence in the following season’s sugar beet crop.

We corroborate findings showing a disparity in one’s willingness to update political beliefs in the face of counterevidence among bilinguals, examining the role of the Foreign Language effect (FLe) on belief maintenance. 133 Liberal English-Spanish bilinguals and 70 English monolinguals showed that belief change on political issues is lesser than on nonpolitical issues following counterevidence. Bilinguals, however, showed greater change in the second language (L2) compared to the first and greater belief change than the monolinguals overall. The second language also led to slower reading and rating times across all conditions, which corresponded with greater belief change. Among bilinguals using their L2, those most likely to show belief change reported having a less meaningful connection to the foreign language.

Design teams commonly need to explain the rationale or logic behind how they frame design challenges and develop a particular design concept and not others. This paper explores the use of Design Logic Visualizations (DLV) as a boundary object to enhance understanding and communication in convergent interdisciplinary engineering design environments. We developed the DLV as a new design tool, building upon existing design process visualizations like design signatures, and provide a case study from our NASA team. We then use a reflection-based autoethnographic and collaborative inquiry approach to reflect on how the DLVs influenced our team, our process, and our decision-making. The findings suggest DLVs can serve as a succinct storytelling tool, support shared understanding across disciplines and levels of leadership, and, ultimately, influence design outcomes.

To provide a useful contextual backdrop to an exhibition at the Royal College of Psychiatrists this summer, we used a question and answer format to summarise the thoughts of its curator, Gavin Miller. Gavin has chosen 12 books published by Penguin between 1949 and 1975 to illuminate the relationship between psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists and the British media. He reflects on the opportunities and pitfalls that come with the association, the motivations of previous writers and provides practical advice for any media psychiatrists considering such a role in the future. The exhibition is open to visitors to the College building in London.

Objectives/Goals: The Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) has integrated academic goals of T0-T4 translation, scholarship, and education into our Academic Learning Health System (aLHS) framework. Our Translation Research Academy (TRA) provides rigorous training for outstanding and diverse K12 and early-career faculty to develop LHS core competencies. Methods/Study Population: The TRA Forum is the main vehicle for delivering an aLHS-oriented curriculum. Currently, the program includes six K12 scholars and 18 other early-career research faculty with facilitated access to CTSI resources. The TRA Forum is a 2-year seminar series that meets twice a month to discuss topics relevant to the aLHS, leadership, and career development. Inclusion of first- and second-year scholars facilitates peer mentorship, allowing Year 2 scholars to share insights with new scholars. Forum sessions are developed around adult learning theory: Each participant is asked to contribute their experience to discussions, and sessions focus on real-world examples. Results/Anticipated Results: Scholar and faculty commitment is very high. For the first 30 min., scholars present their work in small groups. This extends the range of disciplines exposed (64% of TRA graduates found this very helpful) and promotes translational traits of boundary crosser, team player, and systems thinker. Participants view the TRA as an opportunity to form internal peer networks, promote peer mentoring, and establish new collaborations. The remaining 60 minutes are used for education. Sessions include nominated topics and those providing a solid foundation in core aLHS competencies and characteristics of translational scientists. Educational sessions (97%) were rated as helpful or very helpful. Discussion/Significance of Impact: TRA scholars receive rigorous training in a highly supportive environment to produce aLHS researchers with skills to transcend boundaries, innovate systems, create new knowledge, and rigorously evaluate results.

Vascular rings represent a heterogeneous set of aberrant great vessel anatomic configurations which can cause respiratory symptoms or dysphagia due to tracheal or oesophageal compression. These symptoms can be subtle and may present at varied ages. More recently, many have been identified in patients without symptoms, including fetal echocardiogram, resulting in a conundrum for practitioners when attempting to determine who will benefit from surgical correction. Here, we provide a review of vascular rings and a guide to the practitioner on when to consider additional imaging or referral. Additionally, we discuss the changing landscape regarding asymptomatic patients and fetal echocardiogram.

Palmer amaranth, a competitive weed in cotton and soybeans, poses challenges due to its rapid growth, high fertility, and herbicide resistance. Effective management strategies targeting sex ratios could reduce seed production by female plants. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO-) inhibiting herbicides play a role in the evolving resistance of Amaranthus spp. in the US Midwest. These herbicides may also affect the male-to-female ratio of Palmer amaranth. A 2-yr field experiment (2015 and 2016) was conducted in a soybean field in Collinsville, IL, evaluating various preemergence and postemergence PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatments. Untreated Palmer amaranth populations exhibited a bias toward females. Preemergence application of sulfentrazone and flumioxazin effectively reduced Palmer amaranth density (1.66 plants m–2) throughout the season, whereas postemergence applications of fomesafen and lactofen provided limited control (27 and 31 plants m–2, respectively). Early-season mortality was high (96%) among Palmer amaranth seedlings, especially with pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet-methyl treatment. Fomesafen increased female biomass (28.8%) while reducing male biomass compared to the nontreated control. In 2015, pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet-methyl and acetochlor altered the male-to-female sex ratio compared to the nontreated control, with pyroxasulfone + fluthiacet-methyl reducing the proportion of females (–0.11 M/F) and acetochlor slightly increasing the proportion of males (0.03 M/F), though not different from a 1:1 ratio. In 2016, pendimethalin and flumioxazin (71 g ai ha–1) resulted in a strong female-biased sex ratio, with an almost exclusively female population. In both years, the nontreated control plots (–0.58 and –0.55 M/F) maintained a naturally female-biased sex ratio, deviating significantly from a 1:1 ratio. These findings suggest that specific herbicide treatments can alter the sex ratio. Understanding sex determination in Palmer amaranth holds promise for developing more effective control strategies in the future.

The articles compiled here offer examples of how the impacts of anthropogenic climate change in coastal settings are monitored and measured, how the broader public can be involved in these efforts, and how planning for mitigation can come about. The case studies are drawn from the southeastern United States and the British Isles, and they indicate the great potential that cooperating communities of practice can offer for addressing climate-change impacts on cultural heritage.