As AGB stars evolve to planetary nebulae (PNe), the geometry of the ejected mass transforms from nearly spherical to extremely aspherical. The mechanisms governing this transformation are plausibly linked to binarity and the associated production of disks and jets during the transitional (post-AGB) evolutionary stage. We are carrying out an ALMA survey of a representative sample of bipolar/multipolar post-AGB objects to obtain high angular-resolution (0″.11) observations of the CO(3–2) and 6–5 emission and study the collimated outflows and central disks. We present highlights from our ongoing survey – e.g., the presence of bipolar or multipolar high-velocity outflows, dense toroidal waists, and in one case, a circular ring around the central bipolar nebula. We will use radiative transfer modeling to derive accurate outflow momenta, masses, and mass-loss rates for our sample, thereby constraining different classes of binary PN-shaping models.

This study investigated the reciprocal relationship between parental caregiving and labour force participation to determine whether (1) caregiving related to subsequent employment; (2) employment related to subsequent caregiving; (3) caregiving and labour force participation had a reciprocal relationship across time; and (4) gender differences existed in these relationships. A cross-lagged panel design was applied with structural equation modeling. The study sample included adult children aged 51 or older with living parents or parents-in-law. No reciprocal relationship was found between caregiving and labour force participation, but gender differences were evident. Women caregivers in 2006 were less likely to be working in 2008, whereas employment status was not related to subsequent caregiving. In contrast, men working in 2008 were less likely to be caregiving in 2010, whereas caregiving was not related to subsequent employment status. Findings suggest that gender plays an important role in the relationship between caregiving and labour force participation.

Dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA has been negatively associated with the risk of CHD among subjects with known CHD, whereas an effect in healthy subjects is less documented. We assessed the hypothesis that dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA is negatively associated with the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in healthy subjects. In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study, 57 053 participants were enrolled. Dietary intake of total n-3 PUFA, including EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA, was assessed. During a mean follow-up period of 7·6 years, we identified all cases (n 1150) from this cohort with an incident ACS diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry or the Cause of Death Registry. Diagnoses were verified through medical record review. In Cox proportional hazard models, we adjusted for established risk factors for CHD. Men in the four highest quintiles of n-3 PUFA intake (>0·39 g n-3 PUFA per d) had a lower incidence of ACS compared with men in the lowest quintile. The hazard ratio was 0·83 (95 % CI 0·67, 1·03) when we compared men in the second lowest and lowest quintile of n-3 PUFA intake. Higher intake of n-3 PUFA did not strengthen this association. Associations for EPA, DPA and DHA were all negative, but less consistent. No convincing associations were found among women. In conclusion, we found borderline significant negative associations between the intake of marine n-3 PUFA and ACS among healthy men.

We report the development of oxygen sensors using polymer photonic bandgap structure and CMOS chips. These integrated sensors provide a new platform for the development of low cost, low (battery) powered, light weight, robust, fast and small sensors. We demonstrate an approach to encapsulation of chemical and biological recognition elements within the porous structures. This sensing platform is built on our recently demonstrated nanofabrication technique using holographic interferometry of a photo-activated mixture that includes a volatile solvent as well as monomers, photoinitiators, and co-initiators. Resulting structure is nanoporous polymer 1D photonic bandgap structures that has reflection grating property and can be directly integrated into optical sensor systems that we have previously developed. For optical sensor system, CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) detectors that include phototransistors, trans impedance amplifier, and other signal processing units are used. Combining CMOS chip and nano-porous polymer reflection grating, we demonstrate an oxygen sensor as a prototype by encapsulating the fluorophore (tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenathroline)ruthenium(II) using fluorescence intensity.