Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-mzp66 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T15:44:38.990Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rex Liebl  and
A. Douglas Worsham
Rex Liebl
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh 27695-7620
A. Douglas Worsham
Affiliation:
Crop Sci. Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh 27695-7620
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2 within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2 had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3– and K+ was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3– by both species growing in nutrient solution were 1.5 times greater than net uptake rates for K+. Nitrate and potassium Imax values for Italian ryegrass were approximately twice the corresponding values for wheat. Although Italian ryegrass responded more to changes in nutrients and had greater ion uptake rates compared to wheat, Italian ryegrass accumulated more biomass when grown in monoculture than when grown in association with wheat. This difference was probably due to the initial size of the seedlings. Wheat seedlings were much larger than Italian ryegrass seedlings during the first 20 days following emergence.

Keywords

Growthnutrientswheat yield
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 35 , Issue 6 , November 1987 , pp. 819 - 823
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Appleby, A. P., Olson, P. D., and Colbert, D. R. 1976. Winter wheat yield reduction from interference by Italian ryegrass. Agron. J. 68:463–466.Google Scholar
2. Blackman, G. E. and Templeman, W. G. 1938. The nature of the competition between cereal crops and annual weeds. J. Agric. Sci. 28:247–271.Google Scholar
3. Bowden, B. A. and Friesen, G. 1967. Competition of wild oats in wheat and flax. Weed Res. 7:349–359.Google Scholar
4. Clement, C. R., Hopper, M. J., Jones, L.H.P., and Leafe, E. L. 1978. The uptake of nitrate by Lolium perenne from flowing nutrient solution. II. Effect of light, defoliation, and relationship to CO2 flux. J. Exp. Bot. 29:1173–1186.Google Scholar
5. Dunlop, J., Glass, A.D.M., and Tomkins, B. D. 1979. The regulation of potassium uptake by ryegrass and white clover roots in relation to their competition for potassium. New Phytol. 83:365–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Edwards, K.J.R. and Allard, R. W. 1963. The influence of light intensity on competitive ability. Am. Nat. 97:243–248.Google Scholar
7. Glass, A.D.M. 1980. Varietal differences in potassium uptake by barley. Plant Physiol. 65:160–164.Google Scholar
8. Glass, A.D.M., Siddiqi, M. Y., and Giles, K. I. 1981. Correlations between potassium uptake and hydrogen efflux in barley varieties. Plant Physiol. 68:457–459.Google Scholar
9. Henson, J. F. and Jordan, L. S. 1982. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. turgidum durum) for nitrate. Weed Sci. 30:297–300.Google Scholar
10. Jackson, W. A., Kwik, K. D., Volk, R. J., and Butz, R. G. 1976. Nitrate influx and efflux by intact wheat seedlings: Effect of prior nitrate nutrition. Planta 132:149–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Lee, J. A. 1960. A study of plant competition in relation to development. Evolution 14:18–28.Google Scholar
12. Lowe, R. H. and Hamilton, J. L. 1967. Rapid method for determination of nitrate in plant and soil extracts. J. Agric. Food Chem. 15:359–361.Google Scholar
13. Neter, J. and Wasserman, W. 1974. Applied Linear Statistical Models. R. D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, IL. 842 pp.Google Scholar
14. Ohki, K. and Ulrich, A. 1975. Potassium absorption by excised barley roots in relation to antecedent K, P, N, and Ca nutrition. Crop Sci. 15:7–10.Google Scholar
15. Pan, W. L., Tayker, R. H., Jackson, W. A., and Moll, R. H. 1987. Diurnal variation in nitrate, potassium and phosphate uptake in maize seedlings: Considerations in screening genotypes for uptake efficiency. J. Plant Nutr. (In press).Google Scholar
16. Rice, E. L. 1984. Allelopathy. Academic Press, New York. 422 pp.Google Scholar
17. Siddiqi, M. Y. and Glass, A.D.M. 1982. Simultaneous consideration of tissue and substrate potassium concentration in potassium uptake kinetics: A model. Plant Physiol. 69:283–285.Google Scholar
18. Smith, D. F. and Levick, G.R.T. 1974. The effect of infestation by Lolium rigidum on yield of wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 25: 381–393.Google Scholar
19. Vengris, J., Colby, W. G., and Drake, M. 1955. Plant nutrient competition between weeds and corn. Agron. J. 47:213–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed Competition. International Plant Prot. Ctr., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 195 pp.Google Scholar