Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T02:47:57.492Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The psychiatric sequelae of head injury: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

W. A. Lishman
W. A. Lishman
Affiliation:
From the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, and the Institute of Psychiatry, London
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

The review deals mainly with the more chronic psychiatric sequelae of head injury. The constellation of factors—psychological, social, and organic—which may contribute to enduring disability are discussed. Principal areas of disability are then considered in detail—namely, intellectual impairments, change of personality, psychotic illness, and neurotic disorders.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , August 1973 , pp. 304 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, R. D. (1966). Further observations on normal pressure hydrocephalus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 59, 1135–1140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, R. D., Fisher, C. M., Hakim, S., Ojemann, R. G., and Sweet, W. H. (1965). Symptomatic occult hydrocephalus with ‘normal’ cerebrospinal-fluid pressure: a treatable syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 273, 117–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adler, A. (1945). Mental symptoms following head injury. A statistical analysis of two hundred cases. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 53, 34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajuriaguerra, J. de, and Hécaen, H. (1960). Le Cortex Cérébral, 2nd edn., Masson: Paris.Google Scholar
Alajouanine, T., and Lhermitte, K. (1965). Acquired aphasia in children. Brain, 88, 653–662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, P., Jeffries, J. J., Blumer, D., Wellner, A., and Walker, A. E. (1969). The post-traumatic syndrome in children. In The Late Effects of Head Injury. pp. 142–149. Edited by Walker, A. E., Caveness, W. F., and Critchley, M.. Thomas: Springfield, Ill.Google Scholar
Blau, A. (1936). Mental changes following head trauma in children. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 35, 723–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davison, K., and Bagley, C. R. (1969). Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: a review of the literature. In Current Problems in Neuropsychiatry, pp. 113–184. Edited by R. N. Herrington. British Journal of Psychiatry Special Publication, No. 4.Google Scholar
Dencker, S. J. (1958). A follow-up study of 128 closed head injuries in twins using co-twins as controls. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 33, Supp. 123.Google Scholar
Dencker, S. J. (1960). Closed head injury in twins. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2, 569–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denny-Brown, D. E. (1945). Disability arising from closed head injury. Journal of the American Medical Association, 127, 429–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fahy, T. J., Irving, M. H., and Millac, P. (1967). Severe head injuries. Lancet, 2, 475–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faust, C. (1960). Die psychischen Störungen nach Hirntraumen. In Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol. 2. Edited by Cruhle, H. W.. Springer: Berlin.Google Scholar
Feuchtwanger, E., and Mayer-Gross, W. (1938). Hirnverletzung und Schizophrenie. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 41, 17–99.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1942). After Effects of Brain Injuries in War. Grune and Stratum: London.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1952). The effect of brain damage on the personality. Psychiatry, 15, 245–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrington, J. A., and Letemendia, F. J. J. (1958). Persistent psychiatric disorders after head injuries in children. Journal of Mental Science, 104, 1205–1218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, M. S. (1956). Notes on the clinical features and pathology of post-concussional vertigo, with especial reference to positional nystagmus. Brain, 79, 474–482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heiskanen, O., and Sipponen, P. (1970). Prognosis of severe brain injury. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 46, 343–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hillbom, E. (1951). Schizophrenia-like psychoses after brain trauma. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 60, 36–47.Google Scholar
Hooper, R. S., McGregor, J. M., and Nathan, P. W. (1945). Explosive rage following head injury. Journal of Mental Science, 91, 458–471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irving, J. G. (1969). Impact of insurance coverage on convalescence and rehabilitation of head injured patients. In The Late Effects of Head Injury, pp. 483–490. Edited by Walker, A. E., Caveness, W. F., and Critchley, M.. Thomas: Springfield, Ill.Google Scholar
Jennett, W. B. (1962). Epilepsy After Blunt Head Injuries. Heinemann: London.Google Scholar
Kozol, H. L. (1945 and 1946). Pretraumatic personality and psychiatric sequelae of head injury. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 53, 358–364, and 56, 245–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kretschmer, E. (1949). Die Orbitalhirn- und Zwischenhirn-syndrome nach Schädelbasisfrakturen. Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, 124, 358–360.Google Scholar
Kretschmer, E. (1956). Lokalisation and Beurteilung psychophysischer Syndrome bei Hirnverletzten. In Das Hirntrauma, pp. 155–158. Edited by Rehwald, E.. Thieme: Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Lewin, W. (1968). Rehabilitation after head injury. British Medical Journal, 1, 465–470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, A. (1942). Discussion on differential diagnosis and treatment of post-contusional states. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 35, 607–614.Google Scholar
Lishman, W. A. (1966). Psychiatric disability after head injury: the significance of brain damage. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 59, 261–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lishman, W. A. (1968). Brain damage in relation to psychiatric disability after head injury. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 373–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
London, P. S. (1967). Some observations on the course of events after severe injury of the head. Annuls of the Royal college of Surgeons of England, 41, 460–479.Google ScholarPubMed
Miller, H. (1961). Accident neurosis. British Medical Journal, 1, 919–925, 992–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, H. (1966). Mental after-effects of head injury. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 59, 257–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, H., and Stern, G. (1965). The long-term prognosis of severe head injury. Lancet, 1, 225–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newcombe, F. (1969). Missile Wounds of the Brain. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Norrman, B., and Svahn, K. (1961). A follow-up study of severe brain injuries. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 37, 236–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ota, Y. (1969). Psychiatric studies on civilian head injuries. In The Late Effects of Head Injury, pp. 110–119. Edited by Walker, A. E., Caveness, W. F., and Critchley, M.. Thomas: Springfield, Ill.Google Scholar
Piercy, M. F. (1964). The effects of cerebral lesions on intellectual function: a review of current research trends. British Journal of Psychiatry, 110, 310–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, A. H. (1969). Brain Damage in Boxers. Pitman: London.Google Scholar
Ruesch, J., and Bowman, K. M. (1945). Prolonged post-traumatic syndromes following head injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 102, 145–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, W. R. (1932). Cerebral involvement in head injury. A study based on the examination of two hundred cases. Brain, 55, 549–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, W. R. (1959). Brain, Memory, Learning. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Shapiro, L. B. (1939). Schizophrenia-like psychosis following head injuries. Illinois Medical Journal, 76, 250–254.Google Scholar
Slater, E. (1943). The neurotic constitution. A statistical study of two thousand neurotic soldiers. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 6, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steadman, J. H., and Graham, J. G. (1970). Head injuries: an analysis and follow-up study. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 63, 23–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strich, S. J. (1969). The pathology of brain damage due to blunt head injuries, pp. 501–526. In The Late Effects of Head Injury, Edited by Walker, E. A., Caveness, W. F., and Critchley, M.. Thomas: Springfield, Ill.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. H., Ervin, F., and Mark, V. H. (1969). The relationship of violent behaviour to focal cerebral disease. In Aggressive Behaviour. Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Biology of Aggressive Behaviour, pp. 336–352. Edited by Garattini, S. and Sigg, E. B.. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Symonds, C. P. (1937). Mental disorder following head injury. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 30, 1081–1092.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Symonds, C. P., and Russell, W. R. (1943). Accidental head injuries. Prognosis in service patients. Lancet, 1, 7–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. R., and Bell, T. K. (1966). Slowing of cerebral circulation after concussional head injury. A controlled trial. Lancet, 2, 178–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tennent, T. (1937). Mental disorder following head injury. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 30, 1092–1093.Google Scholar
Teuber, H.-L. (1959). Some alterations in behaviour after cerebral lesions in man. In Evolution uf Nervous Control from Primitive Organisms to Man, pp. 157–194. Edited by Bass, A. D., Publication No. 52. Public American Association for the Advancement of Science: Washington.Google Scholar
Teuber, H.-L. (1962). Effects of brain wounds implicating right or left hemisphere in man. In Interhemispheric Relations and Cerebral Dominance, pp. 131–157. Edited by Mountcastle, V. B.. Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore.Google Scholar
Teuber, H.-L., and Rudel, R. G. (1962). Behaviour after cerebral lesions in children and adults. Developmental Medicine, and Child Neurology, 4, 3–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Toglia, J. U. (1969). Dizziness after whiplash injury of the neck and closed head injury: electronystagmographic correlations. In The Late Effects of Head Injury, pp. 72–83. Edited by Walker, A. E., Caveness, W. H., and Critchley, M.. Thomas: Springfield, Ill.Google Scholar
Walch, R. (1956). Über die Aufgaben der Hirnverletztenheime nach dem Bundesversorgungsgesetz. In Das Hirntrauma, pp. 461–468. Edited by Rehwald, E.. Thieme: Stuttgart.Google Scholar