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Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2014

MONICA FLORIN-CHRISTENSEN ,
CARLOS E. SUAREZ ,
ANABEL E. RODRIGUEZ ,
DANIELA A. FLORES  and
LEONHARD SCHNITTGER
MONICA FLORIN-CHRISTENSEN*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Patobiologia, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina CONICET, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
CARLOS E. SUAREZ
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040, USA ADRU-ARS, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
ANABEL E. RODRIGUEZ
Affiliation:
Instituto de Patobiologia, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina
DANIELA A. FLORES
Affiliation:
Instituto de Patobiologia, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina ANPCyT, C1425FQD Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
LEONHARD SCHNITTGER
Affiliation:
Instituto de Patobiologia, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina CONICET, C1033AAJ Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
*Corresponding author: Instituto de Patobiologia, CICVyA, INTA-Castelar, Los Reseros y Nicolas Repetto, s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Argentina. E-mail: jacobsen.monica@inta.gob.ar
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Summary

Bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoans Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Babesia divergens commonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. Although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. Therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. Here a comprehensive overview of currently used live vaccines and of the status quo of experimental vaccine trials is presented. In addition, pertinent research fields potentially contributing to the development of novel non-live and/or live vaccines are discussed, including parasite antigens involved in host cell invasion and in pathogen-tick interactions, as well as the protective immunity against infection. The mining of available parasite genomes is continuously enlarging the array of potential vaccine candidates and, additionally, the recent development of a transfection tool for Babesia can significantly contribute to vaccine design. However, the complication and high cost of vaccination trials hinder Babesia vaccine research, and have so far seriously limited the systematic examination of antigen candidates and prevented an in-depth testing of formulations using different immunomodulators and antigen delivery systems.

Keywords

Bovine babesiosislive vaccinessubunit vaccinestransfectionerythrocyteinvasiontick-parasite interactionimmune response
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 12 , October 2014 , pp. 1563 - 1592
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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