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Cytochrome P450-2D6 extensive metabolizers are more vulnerable to methamphetamine-associated neurocognitive impairment: Preliminary findings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 August 2010

MARIANA CHERNER ,
CHAD BOUSMAN ,
IAN EVERALL ,
DANIEL BARRON ,
SCOTT LETENDRE ,
FLORIN VAIDA ,
J. HAMPTON ATKINSON ,
ROBERT HEATON  and
IGOR GRANT
MARIANA CHERNER*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
CHAD BOUSMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
IAN EVERALL
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
DANIEL BARRON
Affiliation:
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
SCOTT LETENDRE
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
FLORIN VAIDA
Affiliation:
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
J. HAMPTON ATKINSON
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
ROBERT HEATON
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
IGOR GRANT
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
*
†Correspondence and reprint requests to: Mariana Cherner, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0847. E-mail: mcherner@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

While neuropsychological deficits are evident among methamphetamine (meth) addicts, they are often unrelated to meth exposure parameters such as lifetime consumption and length of abstinence. The notion that some meth users develop neuropsychological impairments while others with similar drug exposure do not, suggests that there may be individual differences in vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of meth. One source of differential vulnerability could come from genotypic variability in metabolic clearance of meth, dependent on the activity of cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6). We compared neuropsychological performance in 52 individuals with a history of meth dependence according with their CYP2D6 phenotype. All were free of HIV or hepatitis C infection and did not meet dependence criteria for other substances. Extensive metabolizers showed worse overall neuropsychological performance and were three times as likely to be cognitively impaired as intermediate/poor metabolizers. Groups did not differ in their demographic or meth use characteristics, nor did they evidence differences in mood disorder or other substance use. This preliminary study is the first to suggest that efficient meth metabolism is associated with worse neurocognitive outcomes in humans, and implicates the products of oxidative metabolism of meth as a possible source of brain injury. (JINS, 2010, 16, 890–901.)

Keywords

Substance abuseCYP2D6PolymorphismsNeurotoxicityMetabolismCognition
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 16 , Issue 5 , September 2010 , pp. 890 - 901
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2010

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