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Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III: Psychometric Characteristics and Relations to Functional Ability in Dementia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2018

Matthew So ,
David Foxe ,
Fiona Kumfor ,
Cynthia Murray ,
Sharpley Hsieh ,
Greg Savage ,
Rebekah M. Ahmed ,
James R. Burrell ,
John R. Hodges  and
Muireann Irish Open the ORCID record for Muireann Irish [Opens in a new window]
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Matthew So
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
David Foxe
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Fiona Kumfor
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Cynthia Murray
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Sharpley Hsieh
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Greg Savage
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales
Rebekah M. Ahmed
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Central Medical School and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
James R. Burrell
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
John R. Hodges
Affiliation:
Central Medical School and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Muireann Irish
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Olivier Piguet*
Affiliation:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales School of Psychology and Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Olivier Piguet, FRONTIER, Brain and Mind Centre, Level 1, M02F, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050. E-mail: olivier.piguet@sydney.edu.au
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Abstract

Objectives: The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) is a common cognitive screening test for dementia. Here, we examined the relationship between the most recent version (ACE-III) and its predecessor (ACE-R), determined ACE-III cutoff scores for the detection of dementia, and explored its relationship with functional ability. Methods: Study 1 included 199 dementia patients and 52 healthy controls who completed the ACE-III and ACE-R. ACE-III total and domain scores were regressed on their corresponding ACE-R values to obtain conversion formulae. Study 2 included 331 mixed dementia patients and 87 controls to establish the optimal ACE-III cutoff scores for the detection of dementia using receiver operator curve analysis. Study 3 included 194 dementia patients and their carers to investigate the relationship between ACE-III total score and functional ability. Results: Study 1: ACE-III and ACE-R scores differed by ≤1 point overall, the magnitude varying according to dementia type. Study 2: a new lower bound cutoff ACE-III score of 84/100 to detect dementia was identified (compared with 82 for the ACE-R). The upper bound cutoff score of 88/100 was retained. Study 3: ACE-III scores were significantly related to functional ability on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale across all dementia syndromes, except for semantic dementia. Conclusions: This study represents one of the largest and most clinically diverse investigations of the ACE-III. Our results demonstrate that the ACE-III is an acceptable alternative to the ACE-R. In addition, ACE-III performance has broader clinical implications in that it relates to carer reports of functional impairment in most common dementias. (JINS, 2018, 24, 854–863)

Keywords

Alzheimer’s diseaseFrontotemporal dementiacognitive screening testNeuropsychological assessmentClinical Dementia Rating scaleActivities of daily living
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 24 , Issue 8 , September 2018 , pp. 854 - 863
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2018 

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