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American Labor and the Catholic Church, 1919-1950*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2008

Ronald W. Schatz
Ronald W. Schatz
Affiliation:
Wesleyan University
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Type
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Information
International Labor and Working-Class History , Volume 20 , Fall 1981 , pp. 46 - 53
Copyright
Copyright © International Labor and Working-Class History, Inc. 1981

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References

NOTES

1. Karson, Marc, “The Catholic Church and the Political Development of American Trade Unionism (1900–1918),” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 4 (1951), 527–42Google Scholar; Karson, , American Labor Unions and Politics, 1900–1918 (Carbondale, 1958)Google Scholar, ch. 9. Thorne's, Florence remark is cited in the latter work, 213.Google Scholar

2. Karson, , American Labor Unions, xiii.Google Scholar

3. This gap was latter filled by Abell, Aaron I., American Catholicism and Social Action: A Search for Social Justice, 1865–1950 (Garden City, 1969), ch. 5.Google Scholar

4. Karson, Marc, “Reply,” Failure of a Dream? Essays in the History of American Socialism, ed. Laslett, John H. M. and Lipset, Seymour Martin (Garden City, 1974), 196.Google Scholar

5. Browne, Henry J., “Comment,”Google Scholaribid., 190.

6. Betten, Neil, Catholic Activism and the Industrial Worker (Gainesville, 1976)Google Scholar; Becnel, Thomas, Labor, Church, and the Sugar Establishment: Louisiana, 1887–1976 (Baton Rouge, 1980).Google Scholar

7. For example, Betten mistakenly identifies Pittsburgh electrical union officer John Metcalfe, a conservative opponent of the Association of Catholic Trade Unionists, as a supporter of that organization (143). He confuses UE Local 601 with the nearby but politically dissimilar Local 610 and confuses Pittsburgh UE leader Thomas Fitzpatrick with Albert Fitzgerald, the president of the international union (143, 138).

8. Karson, , American Labor Unions, 301.Google Scholar

9. Becnel, , 31–32, 58, 61–67Google Scholar; Betten, , 74–75, 83–84.Google Scholar

10. Betten, , pp. 75, 84–85Google Scholar. For Communist perspectives, see Gordon, Max, “The Party and the Polling Place: A Response,” Radical History Review, No. 23 (Spring 1980), 130CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Morris, George, “The Vatican's ‘Labor Philosophy’,” Political Affairs, Vol. 28, No. 4 (04 1949), 18–34.Google Scholar

11. Browder, Earl, A Message to Catholics (New York, 1938)Google Scholar; Rice, Charles Owen, “Debating the Outstretched Hand,” Commonweal, Vol. 29, No. 13 (01 20, 1939), 351–53.Google Scholar

12. O'Brien, David J., American Catholics and Social Reform: The New Deal Years (New York, 1968), 95–96, passim.Google Scholar

13. Hawley, Ellis W., The Great War and the Search for a Modern Order: A History of the American People and Their Institutions, 1917–1933 (New York, 1979)Google Scholar; Zieger, Robert H., “Herbert Hoover: A Reinterpretation,” American Historical Review, 81, No. 4 (10 1976), 800–810CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Williams, William Appleman, The Contours of American History (Cleveland, 1961), 343–478.Google Scholar

14. O'Brien's American Catholics and Social Reform provides the best general account of 20th-century American Catholic social thought. Rerum Novarum and Quadragesimo Anno are reprinted in part in Freemantle, Anne, ed., The Papal Encyclicals in Their Historical Context (New York, 1956), 166–95, 228–35.Google Scholar

15. Karson, , American Labor Unions, pp. 302–03Google Scholar; Harrington, Michael, “Catholics in the Labor Movement: A Case History,” Labor History, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Fall 1960), 231–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

16. Schatz, Ronald, Solidarity and Schism: A History of Labor at General Electric and Westinghouse, 1920–1960 (forthcoming), chs. 7–8.Google Scholar

17. Betten, , 44, 79, 112–14Google Scholar; Brophy, John, A Miner's Life (Madison, 1964), 299–301.Google Scholar

18. Brophy, , p. 299Google Scholar; Cooke, Morris Llewellyn and Murray, Philip, Organized Labor and Production: Next Steps in Industrial Democracy (New York, 1940)Google Scholar; Who Was Who In America, Vol. 3 (Chicago, 1960), 181Google Scholar; Radosh, Ronald, “The Corporate Ideology of American Labor Leaders from Gompers to Hillman,” Studies on the Left, Vol. 6, No. 6 (11–12 1966), 66–92Google Scholar; Betten, , 115.Google Scholar

19. Wallace, Lillian Parker, Leo XIII and the Rise of Socialism (Durham, 1966), p. 271 ff.Google Scholar; Tucker, Robert C., ed., The Marx-Engels Reader (New York, 1972), 361.Google Scholar