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Alveolar macrophages: novel therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 November 2021

Pamelia N. Lim Open the ORCID record for Pamelia N. Lim [Opens in a new window] ,
Maritza M. Cervantes Open the ORCID record for Maritza M. Cervantes [Opens in a new window] ,
Linh K. Pham Open the ORCID record for Linh K. Pham [Opens in a new window]  and
Alissa C. Rothchild Open the ORCID record for Alissa C. Rothchild [Opens in a new window]
Pamelia N. Lim
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA
Maritza M. Cervantes
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA
Linh K. Pham
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA Graduate Program in Animal Biotechnology & Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA
Alissa C. Rothchild*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA01003, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Alissa C. Rothchild, E-mail: arothchild@umass.edu
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Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lung-resident myeloid cells that sit at the interface of the airway and lung tissue. Under homeostatic conditions, their primary function is to clear debris, dead cells and excess surfactant from the airways. They also serve as innate pulmonary sentinels for respiratory pathogens and environmental airborne particles and as regulators of pulmonary inflammation. However, they have not typically been viewed as primary therapeutic targets for respiratory diseases. Here, we discuss the role of AMs in various lung diseases, explore the potential therapeutic strategies to target these innate cells and weigh the potential risks and challenges of such therapies. Additionally, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine the role AMs play in severe disease and the therapeutic strategies that have been harnessed to modulate their function and protect against severe lung damage. There are many novel approaches in development to target AMs, such as inhaled antibiotics, liposomal and microparticle delivery systems, and host-directed therapies, which have the potential to provide critical treatment to patients suffering from severe respiratory diseases, yet there is still much work to be done to fully understand the possible benefits and risks of such approaches.

Keywords

Aerosol drug deliveryalveolar macrophageshost-directed therapiesinnate immunitylung biologymyeloid cellspulmonary inflammationrespiratory diseases
Type
Review
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 23 , 2021 , e18
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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