of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performing on mental stability and health of adolescents, in order that how these may have influenced on preventing of their social excluding.

The sample was consisted from 240 mentally and physically healthy secondary school adolescents of both genders, of age 15–18 years, equal in regard of school achievements, conduct, family structure and level of exposure to psychosocial distress. Participants were assessed in regard of regularity and frequency of prayer performing. Personality profile was assessed with Freiburg questionnaire of personality. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 10.00 program; we used Pearson's correlation test (r).

indicated that regularity of prayer performing and earlier acquired basic instruction about prayer was in positive correlation with mental stability during adolescence, particularly among boys.

Performing of Namazs engages physical, mental and spiritual potentials of personality on individual and also on social plan; so it helps that developmental potentials direct to the way of forming emotionally more stabile person and in that way these will diminish risk of appearance of different forms of unadjusted behavior, in other words these preventing social excluding of young people.

Treatment adherence is important to enable the effectiveness of maintenance treatment for bipolar disease, which is an episodic disorder.

To determine clinical and sociodemographic factors related to the treatment adherence.

Firstly, 117 patients and their relatives were interviewed via telephone. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-4 and McEvoy Treatment Observation Form were applied after 12 months from the discharge. Secondly, a face to face interview was conducted with 86 of 117 patients and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), Mood Stabilizer Compliance Questionnaire (MSCQ), Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Beliefs Toward Mental Illness Scale (BMI), The Schedule for the Assessment of Insight (SAI), Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnare (BDFQ) and UKU Side Effect Rating Scale (UKU) were applied. Patients were divided into low, medium, and high compliant groups.

In the group with low adherence, it was found that BDFQ, SAI and DAI-10 scores were lower and existence of psychiatric comorbidity, living alone, preserved autonomy in dosing of mood stabilizers dimension of MSCQ, YMRS score, galactorrhea and ejaculatory dysfunction, number of hospitalization, longer duration of illness were higher. Female gender, lower scores at incurability subscale of BMI, cognitive dimension of BDFQ and SAI score, existence of psychiatric comorbidity, higher scores at preserved autonomy in dosing of mood stabilizers dimension of MSCQ’s, were found as risk factors in prediction model of non-adherence performed with regression analysis.

Treatment adherence is associated with many factors that should be considered carefully during a treatment management.

Previous suicide attempts are a consistent risk factor for suicide. Repetition has been associated with higher future morbidity and suicidality.

To examine the relationship between psychological variables at pregnancy and previous repetition of suicidal attempts, first attempts and absence of attempts.

The sample comprise 568 third trimester pregnant women, mean aged 29.82 years (SD = 4.55; variance = 17–44). Previous suicidal behaviors were assessed with diagnostic interview for genetic studies, depression with PDSS and BDI-II, and affect with POMS. Current suicidal thoughts were assessed with PDSS dimension; hopelessness and helplessness by summing the scores of the POMS items hopeless/gloomy; and lonely/helpless, respectively.

Repeaters (R; n = 11, 1.9%) scored higher than non-repeaters (NR; n = 20, 3.5%) in most of the clinical variables, but only significantly in sleeping/eating disturbances (PDSS).

R and NR when compared to women who never attempted suicide (NA; n = 535, 94.5%) both revealed significant higher levels of depressive/hostility affect (POMS), BDI-II total score, suicide ideation, guilt/shame (PDSS) and anxiety/insecurity or anxiety/somatic (PSDD or BDI-II).

In comparison with NA, R also revealed significant higher levels of negative affect (POMS), PDSS total score, loss of self, mental confusion (PDSS), cognitive and affective symptoms, fatigue (BDI-II), hopelessness and helplessness. NR also differs from NA in their higher emotional liability (PDSS).

Women with previous suicide attempts are at elevated risk for high depressive symptoms, negative affect and suicide ideation at pregnancy. Compared to never attempters, repeaters revealed high morbidity than first attempters. The intervention in pregnancy must carefully assess previous history of suicide attempts.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Next to the drug efficacy, the discontinuation rate or acceptability (all-cause withdrawal) is also important for successful treatment.

There is a lack of research among Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)I medications in terms of acceptability, where BUP is compared with ATX, lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and methylphenidate (MPH).

The main aim of this work was to compare the acceptability of these drugs in children and adolescents using a metaanalysis.

A literature search was conducted to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled, noncrossover studies of ADHD. A systematic electronic literature search of PubMed (1975–April 2014) and clinicaltrials.gov with full text (1981–April 2014) was conducted. Drug acceptability was calculated based on the odds ratio (OR). We included studies that lasted 2 weeks at least and 3 months at most and only those including children and adolescents under the age of 18.

28 articles and 27 trials met inclusion criteria and were sufficient for inclusion in the metaanalysis. Treatment discontinuations were smaller than with a placebo, nonsignificant for ATX (OR = 0.91, 95% CI, 0.66, 1.24) and MPH (OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.24, 0.52) and significant for LDX (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.22, 1.65) and nonsignificantly higher for BUP (OR = 1.64, 95% CI, 0.50, 5.43).

It is the first nonsponsored metaanalysis that analyzes and reports on discontinuations of ATX, BUP, LDX and MPH. The results suggest that MPH, ATX and LDX have the best acceptability. More research is needed for a better clinical evaluation of BUP.

The bipolar disorder (BD) has an important effect over the lives of patients and families. The attitude of the family is a modifiable factor through specific interventions and it has been related with BD prognosis.

Study a sample of families and patients with BD.

Compare between two groups its course of burden of caring for family members with BD. Also, we will see the course of the functionality in patients.

Sample of 148 individuals who caring a familiar with BD. Seventy-six of these followed psychoeducation session are going to be experimental group (EG), and the others 72 did not followed any session are going to be control group (CG). There is a follow-up at 6 months and one year. To see the course of the burden and the functionality it will be used mixed models.

At baseline, there were not significant differences between CG and EG in objective and subjective burden and functionality. But over time there were significant results in the three cases. For objective burden (b = −0.016; P = 0.0001) EG presented a drop (b = −0.014; P = 0.0062), while CG did not show changes (b = 0.002; P = 0.4691). For subjective burden (b = −0.014; P = 0.0058) without significant results for CG (b = −0.352; P = 0.3203) and a significant decrease in EG (b = −0.017; P = 0.003). For the functionality (b = 1.474; P = 0.000) there was a significant increase in EG (b = 1.349; P = 0.000) but not for CG (b = −0.125; P = 0.3828).

Two groups did not differ at baseline however after the psychoeducation sessions appear clear differences, decreasing the burden for EG group and the functionality also improved for EG.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Physical exercise has shown promising results as an adjuvant therapy for depression. However, most studies rely on self-reported measures, which are subject to bias.

To assess, using accelerometer data, compliance to a moderate intensity 12 week exercise program, exercise patterns and relationship between exercise dose and response to treatment, in a population sample of patients with treatment-resistant MDD.

Study design Prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel assignment. Population 150 individuals diagnosed with treatment-resistant MDD were initially screened. Those meeting study criteria were randomized to one of two groups: control (N = 11) and aerobic exercise (N = 22). All participants maintained their usual pharmacotherapy. Study protocol Exercise group: moderate intensity exercise program for 12 weeks. Control group: regular daily activities. All participants wore an ActiGraph® GT1M LLC accelerometer during the 12 weeks. Assessed parameters Moderate plus vigorous physical activity (MVPA), HAMD17, BDI, GAF, CGI-S.

The exercise group showed better depression and functional parameters at the end of the study compared to the control group (lower HAMD17, BDI, CGI-S; higher GAF, p < 0.05). Compliance was 97% based on accelerometer data and 91% based on self-reports. Participants showed preference for exercising on weekdays and on specific periods of the day.

Although not statistically significant, there was a trend for increasing MVPA from no response to response and remission. MVPA showed significant favourable correlations with all depression and functioning parameters.

Future implementation of effective exercise augmentation therapy programs should consider exercise dose and objective measures that will allow the quantification of that dose.

Personality traits and social cognition are important predictors for the future performance, success, adjustment and mental health of medical students.

The purpose of the study was to assess and compare personality traits and emotion recognition abilities of two medical student samples: general medicine (GM) and general nursing (GN) students.

The study was conducted between 2015–2016 on 173 Romanian medical undergraduates from the Timisoara “Victor Babes” university of medicine and pharmacy: sixth-year GM students (n = 96) and fourth-year GN students (n = 83). Personality traits were evaluated with the 60-item NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI). Emotion recognition abilities were assessed with the revised version of the “reading the mind in the eyes” test.

The GM sample consisted of 31 (32.3%) males and 65 (67.7%) females, with a mean age of 24.65 years (SD = 1.81). The GN sample was comprised of 13 (15.7%) males and 70 (84.3%) females, with a mean age of 23.84 years (SD = 2.12). Overall, compared with female students, males gave considerably less correct answers in the “eyes test” (P = 0.002) and had lower mean scores in “agreeableness” (P = 0.005). GM students scored significantly higher than GN students in “neuroticism” (P = 0.01), obtained lower mean scores in “agreeableness” (P = 0.015) and had poorer emotion recognition abilities (P = 0.03) than their GN colleagues.

GN students appear to be more emotionally stable and with better emotion recognition abilities than GM students. Results of the present study represent a starting point for other studies that may use larger and diverse student samples.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Secondary school students in Nigeria are under intense pressure to perform well in their academics so as to have competitive advantage in advancing their studies. This pressure has been linked to western derived psycho-pathologies such as depression, anxiety and culture bound syndrome such as brain fag syndrome.

To examine gender differences in the manifestation of brain-fag syndrome, depression, and anxieties among students about to participate in Junior Secondary Certificate Examination (JSCE) and West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) in Nigeria.

Two hundred and nine (209) students (X age = 14.27, SD = 2.18) were administered a battery of tests comprising of the Brain Fag Syndrome Scale, Brain Fag Propensity Scale, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, Mathematics Anxiety Inventory and Test Anxiety Inventory. The data was subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The result showed no significant gender differences in the manifestation of brain-fag syndrome, depression, and anxieties, F (6, 202) = 0.947, P ≥ 0.01; Pillai's Trace = 0.03, partial η2 = 0.02. In consonance with earlier studies, males reported higher brain fag mean scores than female participants (X = 5.46, SD = 2.06; X = 4.88, SD = 2.43).

The study has shown that adolescents who are about to take their final examinations manifest brain fag propensity and go on to manifest symptoms of the brain fag syndrome. But, there is no significant gender difference in the manifestation of brain fag syndrome among males and females.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

To verify whether nursing personnel working at a general hospital change their attitudes after a brief training course on suicide prevention and if these newly acquired attitudes persist over a 6-month time.

317 nursing personnel attended a 6-hour training program. They answered anonymously pre- and post-training the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ) which comprises 21 visual analogue scale items divided in three factorial sub-scales. The scores on each SBAQ sub-scale (dependent variable) were compared along the time using ANOVA for repeated measures with rank transformation. The time of the measurement and characteristics of the nursing staff were considered as independent variables.

There have been positive changes in the attitudes and these gains were significantly maintained at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. Improvement was in the Feelings and Professional Capacity factorial subscales (p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). There was no change on the Right to Suicide subscale.

It was possible to demonstrate positive changes in the attitudes of nursing personnel as assessed six months after a brief training course on suicide prevention. As attitudes influence the effectiveness of the health care personnel interventions our findings may have important implications for the development of suicide prevention programs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between suicidal behavior and hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis activity in depressed patients.

The serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were evaluated before and after 8 AM and 11 PM TRH challenges, on the same day, in 95 medicationfree DSM-IV euthyroid major depressed inpatients and 44 healthy hospitalized controls

Compared to controls:

1. 1) patients with a positive suicide history (PSH; n=53) showed lower basal FT4 (at 8AM: p< 0.005; at 11PM: p< 0.03), but normal FT3 levels, while patients with a negative suicide history (NSH; n=42) showed normal FT4 and FT3 levels;

2. 2) TSH responses to TRH (delta TSH) were blunted in NSHs (at 8 AM: p< 0.03; at 11PM: p< 0.00001), but not in PSHs.

Compared to NSHs, basal FT4 levels were reduced in PSHs (at 8AM: p< 0.002; at 11PM: p< 0.006). HPT parameters were not significantly different between recent suicide attempters (RSA; n=32) and past suicide attempters (PSA; n=21). However, compared to controls, RSAs showed lower 11PM-deltaTSH (p< 0.04) and lower basal FT4 values (at 8AM: p< 0.002; at 11PM: p< 0.008).

Our results indicate that various degrees of HPT axis dysregulation are associated with the history of suicide. In NSHs, one may hypothesize that hypersecretion of hypothalamic TRH (as reflected by decreased TRH receptor responsiveness) represents a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal thyroid hormone secretion. In PSHs this mechanism is ineffective.

During last 10 years, the number of non-suicidal self-injury patients (NSSI patients) in Department of Adolescent Psychiatry of Medical University in Łódź has doubled (from 20 to over 40%). According to DSM-5 criteria, NSSI are deliberate and superficial skin injuries. Such behaviours should be distinguished from suicidal behaviour disorder (SBD). However, the two display the high rate of co-occurrence.

The study covered 1300 patients (12–19 years of age) hospitalized during last 6 years. The analysis included various variables, e.g. demographic, familial, problems related to school and to peer relations, and variables describing NSSI.

The analyzed group consisted of 60,4% girls and 39,6% boys. Out of 43% of patients who performed NSSIs, 45% also confirmed BDS. The patients with diagnosed mental retardation and with schizophrenic psychoses performed significantly fewer NSSIs. The instrumental motive was the most frequently declared reason of self-injury (76%). The reactive (65%), and the illness-related motives (only 15%) were less frequent. In comparison to patients without self-injuries, the NSSI patients significantly more frequently (P < 0.05) experienced physical violence, unreciprocated love, played truant and repeated grades. Conflicts, delinquency, divorce, and lack of a sense of support were significantly more frequent in the family systems of NSSI patients. They more often experienced loss of their parent before age 15 and had close relatives suffering from mental disorders.

NSSI is a multi-dimensional issue that requires further research. Indicating potential risk factors allows for implementing efficient prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic actions.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Portugal is among the European countries with higher prevalence of mental disorders, associated with substantial unmet needs for treatment. Literature on the impact of the economic recession shows that an increased risk of mental health problems is likely to occur. Despite possible growing needs, the budget cuts at the health system level may have decreased the adequacy of care response. Understanding the impacts of the recession in psychological distress and in access and quality of care is imperative to set public health priorities.

Resorting to a qualitative approach, this study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of primary health care users and professionals during the recession in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.

Provide in depth information regarding the specific contexts and subjective experiences of key informants during the economic recession that started in 2008.

This study design resorts to focus groups with primary health care users and semi-structured interviews with health professionals. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive approach and thematic analysis were performed, using NVivo 10.

This study explores the views and insights of users and health professionals regarding their socio-economic context, mental health needs, changes in health services and possible solutions to alleviate the impact of the economic recession.

Being based on the perspectives of users and health professionals, this approach will complement epidemiological evidence for policy-making.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Only little is known about COVID-19 which is now playing its engulfing function in terms of devouring global health, resulting in a crisis that is as novel as the novel Coronavirus strain itself. Both, the structure and function of COVID-19 have been documented and further research is in progress to fill the lacuna. With significant levels of globalization, COVID-19 spreads rapidly around the globe.

Masses are hoping for a vaccine as their ultimate object of liberation. People are talking about crashing economy, but what about the crash of humans from their being? Here, a biological, psychological, and psychoanalytic understanding of COVID-19 is investigated. The impact of physical isolation has been documented, but mental isolation remains an uncharted space. The psychological trace—the paleontological psychic trauma of experiencing a pandemic as a witnessing subject is not much talked about. This effort is to open the paths to understanding COVID-19 which may seem pathless at first.

Primary sources are used along with an intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary unison of psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis, yoga, and meditation.

Yoga and meditation for strengthening both physical and psychological immunity along with facilitating the acceptance of psychological impact which is unregistered in the minds of a large population is elucidated.

It is in the interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary unison that preparedness for future pandemics could be curated.

No significant relationships.