Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-v2bm5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T10:03:21.498Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of electrolyte concentration, ion species and pH on the zeta potential and electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2018

E. E. Saka  and
C. Güler
E. E. Saka
Affiliation:
Ege University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
C. Güler*
Affiliation:
Ege University, Science Faculty, Chemistry Department, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
*
*E-mail: cetin.guler@ege.edu.tr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this study, the influence of pH, electrolyte concentration and type of ionic species (such as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, CaCl2, AlCl3) on the electrokinetic properties (zeta potential and electrokinetic charge density) of montmorillonite has been quantified. The zeta potential of montmorillonite particles did not change significantly with change in pH. The valencies of the ions have proven to have a great influence on the electrokinetic behaviour of the suspension. There is a gradual decrease in the zeta potential (from —24 mV to —12 mV) with increase in monovalent electrolyte concentration (from 10-4 M to 10-1 M). At any monovalent electrolyte concentration, the magnitude of the zeta potential increased with the electrolytes in the order Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+. The zeta potential of the montmorillonite minerals in CaCl2 solutions illustrated the same behaviour as the monovalent cations. Less negative values were obtained for the CaCl2 electrolyte (∼–10 mV) due to the greater valence of the ions. A sign reversal was observed at an AlCl3 concentration of 5 x 10-4 M, and, at greater concentrations, zeta potential values had a positive sign (∼20 mV).

The electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite showed similar trends of variation in mono and divalent electrolyte solutions. Up to concentrations of ∼10-3 M, it remained practically constant at ∼0.5 x 10-3Cm-2, while for greater electrolyte concentrations the negative charge produced more negative values (–16 x 10-3Cm-2). The electrokinetic charge density of montmorillonite particles was constant at low AlCl3 concentrations, but at certain concentrations it increased rapidly and changed sign to positive.

Keywords

electrical double layerelectrokinetic charge densitymonmorillonitezeta potential
Type
Research Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 41 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 853 - 861
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alkan, M., Demirbas, Ö. & Dogan, M. (2005) Electrokinetic properties of sepiolite suspensions in different electrolyte media. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 281, 240–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Avena, M.J. & de Pauli, P. (1998) Proton adsorption and electrokinetics of an Argentinean montmorillonite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 202, 195–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benna, M., Kbir-Ariguib, N., Magnin, A. & Bergaya, F. (1999) Effect of pH on rheological properties of purified sodium bentonite suspensions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 218, 442–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Billingham, J., Bren, C. & Yarwood, J. (1997) Adsorption of polyamine, polyacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol on montmorillonite. An in situ study using ATR-FTIR. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 14, 19–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Busenberg, E. & Clemency, C.V. (1973) Determination of the cation exchange capacity of clays and soils using an ammonia electrode. Clays and Clay Minerals, 21, 213–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaghan, I.C. & Ottewill, R.H. (1974) Interparticle forces in montmorillonite gels. Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society, 57, 110–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen Stuart, M.A. & Mulder, J.W. (1985) Adsorbed polymers in aqueous media: the relation between zeta potential, layer thickness and ionic strength. Colloids and Surfaces, 15, 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delgado, A., Gonzalez-Caballero, F. & Bruque, J.M. (1985) On the zeta potential and surface charge density of montmorillonite in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 113, 203–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dogan, M., Alkan, M. & Çkír, U (1997) Electrokinetic properties of perlite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 192, 114–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ersoy, B. & Çelik, M.S. (2002) Electrokinetic properties of clinoptilolite with mono- and multivalent electrolytes. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 55, 305–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gan, H. & Low, P.F. (1993) Spectroscopic study of ionic adjustments in the electric double layer of montmorillonite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 161, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R.E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill Inc., USA.Google Scholar
Heath, D. & Tadros, Th.F. (1983) Influence of pH, electrolyte, and poly(vinyl alcohol) addition on the rheological characteristics of aqueous dispersions of sodium montmorillonite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 93, 307–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horikawa, Y., Murray, R.S. & Quirk, J.P. (1988) The effect of electrolyte concentration on the zeta potentials of homoionic montmorillonite and illite. Colloids and Surfaces, 32, 181–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunter, RJ. (1981) Zeta Potential in Colloid Science. Academic Press, London. Israel, L., Güler, S., Yílmaz, H. & Guler, S. (2001) The adsorption of polyvinylpyrolidone on kaolinite saturated with sodium chloride. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 238, 80–84.Google Scholar
Kadkhodayan, A. & Pinnavaia, T.J. (1993) Clay intersalation compounds for selective triphase catalysis: Reaction of alkyl bromides with NaCl. Journal of Molecular Catalysis, 21, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, K.S. & Pierre, A.C. (1999) Clay sediment-structure formation in aqueous kaolinite suspensions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 47, 522–526.Google Scholar
Miller, S.E. & Low, P.F. (1990) Characterization of the electric double layer of montmorillonite. Langmuir, 6, 572–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pashley, R.M. & Quirk, J.P. (1984) The effect of cation valency on DLVO and hydration forces between macroscopic sheets of muscovite mica in relation to clay swelling. Colloids and Surfaces, 9, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penner, D. & Lagaly, G. (2000) Influence of organc and inorganic salts on the coagulation of montmorillonite dispersions. Clays and Clay Minerals, 48, 246–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierre, A.C. & Ma, K. (1999) DLVO theory and clay aggregate architectures formed with AlCl3. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 19, 1615–1622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossi, S., Luckham, P.F. & Tadros Th.F. (2002) Influence of non-ionic polymers on the rheological behaviour of Na+-montmorillonite clay suspensions –I. Nonylphenol-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide copolymers. Colloids and Surfaces, 201, 85–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sequaris, J.M., Baβmann, F., Hild, A., Narres, H.D. & Schuwuger, M.S. (1999) Characterization of polyvinylpyrrolidone adsorption at inorganic soil components by a microelectrophoretic method. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 159, 503–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sjöberg, M., Bergstöm, L., Larsson, A. & Sjöström, E. (1999) The effect of polymer and surfactant adsorption on the colloidal stability and rheology of kaolin dispersions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 159, 197–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somasundaran, P. & Fuerstenau, D.W. (1966) Mechanisms of alkyl sulfonate adsorption at the alumina-water interface. Journal of Physics and Chemistry, 70, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sondi, I., Milat, O. & Pravdic, V. (1997) Electrokinetic potential of clay surfaces modified by polymers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 189, 66–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, R.C. & Avasthi, P.K. (1973) Electro-osmotic effects in a bentonite-water system. Journal of Hydrology, 20, 37–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartzen-Allen, S.L. & Matijevic, E. (1975) Colloid and surface properties of clay suspensions: II. Electrophoresis and cation adsorption of montmorillonite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 50, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swartzen-Allen, S.L. & Matijevic, E. (1976) Colloid and surface properties of clay suspensions. III. Stability of montmorillonite and kaolinite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 56, 159–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, K.H. (1998) Principles of Soil Chemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Tsuchida, H., Ooi, S., Nakaishi, K. & Adachi, Y. (2005) Effects of pH and ionic strength on electrokinetic properties of imogolite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 265, 131–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Olphen, H. (1977) An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry. Wiley, New York, chapter 7.Google Scholar
Vane, L.M. & Zang, G.M. (1997) Effect of aqueous phase properties on clay particle zeta potential and electroosmotic permeability: Implications for electro-kinetic soil remediation processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 55, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, D.J.A. & Williams, K.P. (1978) Electrophoresis and zeta potential of kaolinite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 65, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xavier, S.F. & Sharma, Y.N. (1986) Structure-property relations in polypropylene mica composites. Polymer Composites, 7, 42–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar