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56 results in Physics and Astronomy

Page 1 of 3

Rotation Sequences and the Theory of Vectors and Coordinates
  • Don Koks
  • Published online:
    17 April 2025
    Print publication:
    24 April 2025
  • This book applies rotation theory to problems involving vectors and coordinates, with an approach that combines easily visualised procedures with smart mathematics. It constructs rotation theory from the ground up, building from basic geometry through to the motion and attitude equations of rockets, and the tensor analysis of relativity. The author replaces complicated pictures of superimposed axes with a simple and intuitive procedure of rotating a model aircraft, to create rotation sequences that are easily turned into mathematics. He combines the best of the 'active' and 'passive' approaches to rotation into a single coherent theory, and discusses many potential traps for newcomers. This volume will be useful to astronomers and engineers sighting planets and satellites, computer scientists creating graphics for movies, and aerospace engineers designing aircraft; also to physicists and mathematicians who study its abstract aspects.

Quantum Algorithms
  • A Survey of Applications and End-to-end Complexities
  • Alexander M. Dalzell, Sam McArdle, Mario Berta, Przemyslaw Bienias, Chi-Fang Chen, András Gilyén, Connor T. Hann, Michael J. Kastoryano, Emil T. Khabiboulline, Aleksander Kubica, Grant Salton, Samson Wang, Fernando G. S. L. Brandão
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2025
    Print publication:
    24 April 2025
  • The 1994 discovery of Shor's quantum algorithm for integer factorization—an important practical problem in the area of cryptography—demonstrated quantum computing's potential for real-world impact. Since then, researchers have worked intensively to expand the list of practical problems that quantum algorithms can solve effectively. This book surveys the fruits of this effort, covering proposed quantum algorithms for concrete problems in many application areas, including quantum chemistry, optimization, finance, and machine learning. For each quantum algorithm considered, the book clearly states the problem being solved and the full computational complexity of the procedure, making sure to account for the contribution from all the underlying primitive ingredients. Separately, the book provides a detailed, independent summary of the most common algorithmic primitives. It has a modular, encyclopedic format to facilitate navigation of the material and to provide a quick reference for designers of quantum algorithms and quantum computing researchers.

Quantum Physics
  • Fundamentals and Applications
  • Olivier Pujol, Robert Carles
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2025
    Print publication:
    28 February 2026
  • An impressively comprehensive textbook adopting a phenomenological approach to quantum physics. The chapters cover everything from basic definitions of key concepts to detailed discussions of the underlying theoretical framework, walking students step-by-step through the necessary mathematics and drawing clear connections between the theory and the most important modern research applications including quantum optics, fluids, nanophysics, entanglement, information, and relativity. With this book, students and researchers will have access to hundreds of real-world examples, exercises, and illustrations to support and expand their understanding. Instructors can tailor the content to suit the length and level of their course and will have access to an online solutions manual with fully worked solutions to all 300+ exercises in the book. Other online resources include Python simulations, additional exercises, and detailed appendices.

Pedrottis' Introduction to Optics
  • 4th edition
  • Rayf Shiell, Iain McNab
  • With contributions by Matthew Romerein
  • Published online:
    15 April 2025
    Print publication:
    31 October 2024
  • The fourth edition of Pedrottis' Introduction to Optics is a comprehensive revision of a classic guide to the fascinating properties of light, now with new authors. Ideally suited for undergraduate optics courses in physics and electrical/electronic engineering departments, this edition adopts a distinctive phenomenological approach, bringing the underlying science to life through interactive simulations and beautifully revised figures. The modular structure and succinct style of previous editions has been maintained, while the content has been modernized, new topics have been added, and a greater consistency of terminology attained. For even more effective learning, a recurring theme of student engagement runs throughout the text, supported by a multifaceted pedagogical package that reinforces key concepts, develops a clear understanding of optical technologies and applications, and connects to students' experiences and observations from everyday life.

Notes, Problems and Solutions in Differential Equations
  • A. K. Nandakumaran, P.S. Datti
  • Published online:
    15 April 2025
    Print publication:
    31 May 2025
  • This book is designed for senior undergraduate and graduate students pursuing courses in mathematics, physics, engineering and biology. The text begins with a study of ordinary differential equations. The concepts of first- and second-order equations are covered initially. It moves further to linear systems, series solutions, regular Sturm–Liouville theory, boundary value problems and qualitative theory. Thereafter, partial differential equations are explored. Topics such as first-order partial differential equations, classification of partial differential equations and Laplace and Poisson equations are also discussed in detail. The book concludes with heat equation, one-dimensional wave equation and wave equation in higher dimensions. It highlights the importance of analysis, linear algebra and geometry in the study of differential equations. It provides sufficient theoretical material at the beginning of each chapter, which will enable students to better understand the concepts and begin solving problems straightaway.
The κ-Statistics Approach to Income Distribution Analysis

The κ-Statistics Approach to Income Distribution Analysis
  • Fabio Clementi, Mauro Gallegati, Lisa Gianmoena, Giorgio Kaniadakis, Simone Landini
  • Published online:
    11 April 2025
    Print publication:
    08 May 2025
    • Element
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  • This Element presents the κ-generalized distribution, a statistical model tailored for the analysis of income distribution. Developed over years of collaborative, multidisciplinary research, it clarifies the statistical properties of the model, assesses its empirical validity and compares its effectiveness with other parametric models. It also presents formulas for calculating inequality indices within the κ-generalized framework, including the widely used Gini coefficient and the relatively lesser-known Zanardi index of Lorenz curve asymmetry. Through empirical illustrations, the Element criticizes the conventional application of the Gini index, pointing out its inadequacy in capturing the full spectrum of inequality characteristics. Instead, it advocates the adoption of the Zanardi index, accentuating its ability to capture the inherent heterogeneity and asymmetry in income distributions.

Lectures on Mathematical Relativity
  • Justin Corvino, Pengzi Miao
  • Published online:
    03 April 2025
    Print publication:
    10 April 2025
  • This book introduces and explores some of the deep connections between Einstein's theory of gravitation and differential geometry. As an outgrowth of graduate summer schools, the presentation is aimed at graduate students in mathematics and mathematical physics, starting from the foundations of special and general relativity, and moving to more advanced results in geometric analysis and the Einstein constraint equations. Topics include the formulation of the Einstein field equation and the Einstein constraint equations; gluing construction of initial data sets which are Schwarzschild near infinity; and an introduction to the Riemannian Penrose inequality. While the book assumes a background in differential geometry and real analysis, a number of basic results in geometry are provided. There are well over 100 exercises, many woven into the fabric of the chapters as well as others collected at the end of chapters, to give readers a chance to engage and extend the text.

Quantum Resource Theories
  • Gilad Gour
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2025
    Print publication:
    10 April 2025
  • In this original and modern book, the complexities of quantum phenomena and quantum resource theories are meticulously unravelled, from foundational entanglement and thermodynamics to the nuanced realms of asymmetry and beyond. Ideal for those aspiring to grasp the full scope of quantum resources, the text integrates advanced mathematical methods and physical principles within a comprehensive, accessible framework. Including over 760 exercises throughout, to develop and expand key concepts, readers will gain an unrivalled understanding of the topic. With its unique blend of pedagogical depth and cutting-edge research, it not only paves the way for a deep understanding of quantum resource theories but also illuminates the path toward innovative research directions. Providing the latest developments in the field as well as established knowledge within a unified framework, this book will be indispensable to students, educators, and researchers interested in quantum science's profound mysteries and applications.

Learning the Art of Electronics
  • A Hands-On Lab Course
  • 2nd edition
  • Thomas C. Hayes, David Abrams, Paul Horowitz
  • Published online:
    18 March 2025
    Print publication:
    03 April 2025
  • The much-anticipated new edition of 'Learning the Art of Electronics' is here! It defines a hands-on course, inviting the reader to try out the many circuits that it describes. Several new labs (on amplifiers and automatic gain control) have been added to the analog part of the book, which also sees an expanded treatment of meters. Many labs now have online supplements. The digital sections have been rebuilt. An FPGA replaces the less-capable programmable logic devices, and a powerful ARM microcontroller replaces the 8051 previously used. The new microcontroller allows for more complex programming (in C) and more sophisticated applications, including a lunar lander, a voice recorder, and a lullaby jukebox. A new section explores using an Integrated Development Environment to compile, download, and debug programs. Substantial new lab exercises, and their associated teaching material, have been added, including a project reflecting this edition's greater emphasis on programmable logic. Online resources including online chapters, teaching materials and video demonstrations can be found at: https://LearningTheArtOfElectronics.com.

Decoherence and Quantum Darwinism
  • From Quantum Foundations to Classical Reality
  • Wojciech Hubert Zurek
  • Published online:
    06 March 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • The measurement problem has been a central puzzle of quantum theory since its inception, and understanding how the classical world emerges from our fundamentally quantum universe is key to its resolution. While the 'Copenhagen' and 'Many Worlds' interpretations have dominated discussion of this philosophically charged question, Zurek builds on the physics of decoherence and introduces the theory of 'Quantum Darwinism' to provide a novel account of the emergence of classical reality. Opening with a modern view of quantum theory, the book reconsiders the customary textbook account of quantum foundations, showing how the controversial axioms (including Born's rule) follow from the consistent core postulates. Part II discusses decoherence and explores its role in the quantum-to-classical transition. Part III introduces Quantum Darwinism, explaining how an information-theoretic perspective complements, elucidates, and reconciles the 'Copenhagen' and 'Many Worlds' interpretations. This insightful book is essential reading for any student or researcher interested in quantum physics.

Uncovering Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model
  • From Fundamental Concepts to Dynamical Mechanisms
  • Wolfgang Bietenholz, Uwe-Jens Wiese
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • This textbook provides an accessible introduction to quantum field theory and the Standard Model of particle physics. It adopts a distinctive pedagogical approach with clear, intuitive explanations to complement the mathematical exposition. The book begins with basic principles of quantum field theory, relating them to quantum mechanics, classical field theory, and statistical mechanics, before building towards a detailed description of the Standard Model. Its concepts and components are introduced step by step, and their dynamical roles and interactions are gradually established. Advanced topics of current research are woven into the discussion and key chapters address physics beyond the Standard Model, covering subjects such as axions, technicolor, and Grand Unified Theories. This book is ideal for graduate courses and as a reference and inspiration for experienced researchers. Additional material is provided in appendices, while numerous end-of-chapter problems and quick questions reinforce the understanding and prepare students for their own research.

An Introduction to Continuum Physics
  • Steven R. Pride
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Adopting a unified mathematical framework, this textbook gives a comprehensive derivation of the rules of continuum physics, describing how the macroscopic response of matter emerges from the underlying discrete molecular dynamics. Covered topics include elasticity and elastodynamics, electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, diffusive transport in fluids, capillary physics and thermodynamics. By also presenting mathematical methods for solving boundary-value problems across this breadth of topics, readers develop understanding and intuition that can be applied to many important real-world problems within the physical sciences and engineering. A wide range of guided exercises are included, with accompanying answers, allowing readers to develop confidence in using the tools they have learned. This book requires an understanding of linear algebra and vector calculus and will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry, engineering and geoscience.

Ganymede
  • Edited by Martin Volwerk, Melissa McGrath, Xianzhe Jia, Tilman Spohn
  • Published online:
    03 February 2025
    Print publication:
    20 February 2025
  • With ESA's upcoming JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission to Jupiter and Ganymede, this book provides a fascinating and timely summary of our current knowledge about Ganymede: the largest moon in the Solar System and the only one with an intrinsic magnetic field. Written by a team of multidisciplinary experts spanning geology, space physics and habitability, it provides up-to-date knowledge about Ganymede. The history of its discovery, formation, surface, atmosphere and space environment are discussed in accessible language and supported by the enormous amount of data obtained by Galileo, the Hubble Space Telescope and earlier missions. The latest surface maps of Ganymede are also presented, providing an invaluable reference for graduate students and researchers working in planetary science.

Celestial and Stellar Dynamics
  • Barbara Ryden
  • Published online:
    16 January 2025
    Print publication:
    30 January 2025
  • Although the field of celestial dynamics – the application of Newtonian dynamics to systems with a relatively small number of celestial bodies – is centuries old, it has been reinvigorated by the discovery of thousands of exoplanetary systems orbiting other stars. This textbook uses the properties of planetary systems, including own Solar System, to illustrate the rich variety of behavior permitted by Newton's law of gravity. The textbook then expands its view to examine stellar dynamics – the study of systems containing a very large number of stars or other celestial bodies. The different techniques used for celestial dynamics and stellar dynamics are compared and contrasted. However, throughout the text, emphasis is placed on the underlying physics that applies on scales as small as the Earth–Moon system and as large as a cluster of galaxies. It is ideal for a 1-semester astrophysical dynamics course for upper-level undergraduates and starting graduate students.

Fractionalization of Particles in Physics
  • Invertible Topological Phases of Matter
  • Christopher Mudry, Claudio Chamon
  • Published online:
    09 January 2025
    Print publication:
    23 January 2025
  • This book explores the fractionalization of particles in physics, how interactions between individual particles and with their background can modify their fundamental quantum states. Covering a large breadth of topics with an example-driven approach, this comprehensive text explains why phases of matter must be described in terms of both symmetries and their topology. The majority of important results are derived in full with explanations provided, while exercises at the end of each section allow readers to extend and develop their understanding of key topics. The first part presents polyacetylene as the paradigmatic material in which electric charge can be fractionalized, while the second part introduces the notion of invertible topological phases of matter. The final part is devoted to the 'ten-fold way', a classification of topological insulators or superconductors. The text requires a solid understanding of quantum mechanics and is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in physics.

Nonequilibrium Many-Body Theory of Quantum Systems
  • A Modern Introduction
  • 2nd edition
  • Gianluca Stefanucci, Robert van Leeuwen
  • Published online:
    02 January 2025
    Print publication:
    16 January 2025
  • The Green's function method is among the most powerful and versatile formalisms in physics, and its nonequilibrium version has proved invaluable in many research fields. With entirely new chapters and updated example problems, the second edition of this popular text continues to provide an ideal introduction to nonequilibrium many-body quantum systems and ultrafast phenomena in modern science. Retaining the unique and self-contained style of the original, this new edition has been thoroughly revised to address interacting systems of fermions and bosons, simplified many-body approaches like the GKBA, the Bloch equations and the Boltzmann equations and the connection between Green's functions and newly developed time-resolved spectroscopy techniques. Small gaps in the theory have been filled, and frequently overlooked subtleties have been systematically highlighted and clarified. With an abundance of illustrative examples, insightful discussions and modern applications, this book remains the definitive guide for students and researchers alike.

The Physics of Bacteria
  • From Cells to Biofilms
  • Thomas Andrew Waigh
  • Published online:
    12 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • Bacteria are the most ubiquitous life-forms on Earth, and are studied extensively to gain insight into their function and understand how they interact with their environment. In recent years, bacterial biophysics has added a new dimension to this research by using the tools of physics to investigate the quantitative principles that underpin these cellular systems. This book provides a modern and cohesive introduction to bacterial biophysics, with a focus on biofilms, slimes and capsules. In the first of three sections, key techniques and models from the physical sciences that can be applied to bacterial problems are presented. Section 2 then provides a bacterial microbiology primer for physical scientists and an examination of single-cell phenomena. The final section explores interacting bacteria and biofilms from a physical perspective. Ideal for physics graduates interested in this important field, this book is also relevant for researchers in physical chemistry, bioengineering, mathematics and microbiology.

Fundamentals of Laser Spectroscopy for Atoms and Diatomic Molecules
  • Robert P. Lucht
  • Published online:
    12 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • For the engineer or scientist using spectroscopic laser diagnostics to investigate gas-phase media or plasmas, this book is an excellent resource for gaining a deeper understanding of the physics of radiative transitions.  While a background in quantum mechanics is beneficial, the book presents a comprehensive review of the relevant aspects, extensively covering atomic and molecular structure alongside radiative transitions. The author employs effective Hamiltonians and Hund's case (a) basis wavefunctions to develop the energy level structure of diatomic molecules. These techniques also form the basis for treating radiative transitions in diatomic molecules. Recent advancements in quantum chemistry, enabling readers to calculate absolute single-photon and Raman transition strengths, are also presented. Illustrated with detailed example calculations of molecular structure and transition rates, this self-contained reference for spectroscopic data analysis will appeal to professionals in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering, and in applied physics and chemistry.

Starbound
  • Interstellar Travel and the Limits of the Possible
  • Ed Regis
  • Published online:
    12 December 2024
    Print publication:
    30 January 2025
  • This book is for anyone enthralled by the romantic dream of a voyage 'to the stars.' From our current viewpoint in the twenty-first century, crewed interstellar travel will be an exceptionally difficult undertaking. It will require building a spacecraft on a scale never before attempted, at vast cost, relying on unproven technologies. Yet somehow, through works of science fiction, TV and movies, the idea of human interstellar travel being easy or even inevitable has entered our popular consciousness. In this book, Ed Regis critically examines whether humankind is bound for distant stars, or if instead we are bound to our own star, for the indefinite future. How do we overcome the main challenge that even the nearest stars are unimaginably far away? He explores the proposed technologies and the many practical aspects of undertaking an interstellar journey, finishing with his reflections on whether such a journey should be planned for.

Four Open Questions for the N-Body Problem
  • Richard Montgomery
  • Published online:
    12 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • The N-body problem has been investigated since Isaac Newton, however vast tracts of the problem remain open. Showcasing the vibrancy of the problem, this book describes four open questions and explores progress made over the last 20 years. After a comprehensive introduction, each chapter focuses on a different open question, highlighting how the stance taken and tools used vary greatly depending on the question. Progress on question one, 'Are the central configurations finite?', uses tools from algebraic geometry. Two, 'Are there any stable periodic orbits?', is dynamical and requires some understanding of the KAM theorem. The third, 'Is every braid realised?', requires topology and variational methods. The final question, 'Does a scattered beam have a dense image?', is quite new and formulating it precisely takes some effort. An excellent resource for students and researchers of mathematics, astronomy, and physics interested in exploring state-of-the-art techniques and perspectives on this classical problem.

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