To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Relics, Dreams,Voyages is a closely linked sequence of studies of global connections in all the art in the baroque period. The main theme is centre and periphery, and this book offers a sequence of studies of a diversity of peripheries, all of which offer modifications of accepted views of an anglophone centre. Minority cultures: exiles and Celts. Global networks: Habsburg and Jesuit. Diversity of exiles: Jacobites and recusant Catholics; wandering Gaelic scholars; mercenary soldiers and their visual culture; art dealers in eighteenth-century Rome. Centres of baroque culture outside the mainstream: exiled English Catholic colleges in Flanders and Spain; a remote symbolic garden in baroque Scotland; architectural fantasies from an isolated circle at Birr in the midlands of Ireland. Transmission from Asia and the Americas to Europe: the test case of Rubens; the Antwerp Jesuits; and the New World. Many of the chapters consider the secretive cultures of exiled or persecuted British Roman Catholics, including the pseudo-relics constructed in Antwerp for the posthumous cult of Mary Queen of Scots, and the triumphal procession of a vandalised statue to the exiled English College in Valladolid. The visual arts worldwide are considered, from a possible Andean influence on Rubens, to a rare Japanese Christian statue, to the pioneering work on Etruscans of a gay Scottish art dealer in Grand Tour Rome. Subversive iconographies are considered – iconographies feminist and recusant; there is a re-examination of the alleged toxin in a rumoured 1630s murder at the court of Charles I. There are also several chapters which touch on early modern Scotland as a paradoxically cosmopolitan contrast to a more inward-looking England.
After the End is a study of Cold War fantasies of bunkers, sheltering, and survival in the post–Cold War world. It argues that, although not always recognized as such, what it terms the ‘bunker fantasy’ continues to dominate any imagination of the relationship between present and future bridged by a cataclysm. The contemporary bunker fantasy is continuous with and derived from the four decades of the Cold War but in the distorted, variable, and unpredictable ways typical of the global circulation of locally generated ideas and spaces. It is both a realistic nightmare about the end of the world and an imaginative tool using apocalypse to prompt thinking about alternate pasts and speculative futures in which the world would not only survive but even, perhaps, prosper. The book includes a historical and methodological introduction, six chapters (on survivalist spaces and practices since the 1980s; survivalism in the cultural imaginary; sheltering construction and strategies around the world; contemporary appropriations and repurposings of the Cold War built environment across the globe; post-Cold-War fictions of apocalypse; the legacy of Cold War bunkering in separation walls and security debates), and a conclusion on siloing and the dominant and alternate legacies of the Cold War shelter society. Drawing on genre and literary fiction, film, television, comics, popular music, journalism, material culture, and the built environment, After the End traces Cold War legacies in global twentieth-century imaginations of the end of the world, security, migration, and inequality.
This book establishes the basic proposals of the Origin, which constitute the opening phase. In both structural and linguistic terms, 'difficulty' becomes the dominant principle in Darwin's negotiation of the relationship in the text between self-criticism and assertion. The book explores the profound awareness on Darwin's part of the lack of a coherent genetic theory upon which to predicate the mechanism of natural selection. 'Difficulties on Theory' then initiates that process of extensive questioning which has led Fleming to speak of Darwin's unsurpassed 'instinct for truth-telling': 'has there ever been another scientist who included in his great book all the arguments against it that he could ever think of?' The book outlines these main 'difficulties' and then proceeds to confront two of them, the absence of visible transitional forms in nature and the origin and development of common organs in creatures of widely different habit. It focuses on taxonomy via the 'Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings' serves as an important reminder that the whole structure of the Origin might be viewed as a debate around human systems of classification as much as an attempt to give unmediated access to the true principles of development in organic life. The 'ingenious' Darwin, subtly aware of the linguistic balancing acts necessary for the representation of a highly speculative theory in the terms of empirical method and observation, is an important aid to our understanding of the particular form of the Origin.
Tarifit is an Amazigh language spoken in northern Morocco. This Element provides an overview of some aspects of the phonetics of this under-studied language, focusing on patterns of variation and ongoing sound changes. An acoustic analysis of productions by native speakers is provided, comparing clear and fast speaking styles, focusing on the phonetic realization of vowels in Tarifit: three full vowels /a, i, and u/, and variation in the realization of schwa. The analysis reveals phonetically vowelless words in Tarifit: vowelless productions are a rare, but are allowable variants of some words (especially those containing multiple voiceless obstruents). Another ongoing sound change is explored: post-vocalic /r/ deletion. We find higher rates of r-dropping by female speakers. A perception study investigating native speakers' discrimination of words is presented. This Element discusses what the findings have for models of phonetic variation, individual differences in language production, and sound change theory.
Emotion plays a critical role in every human interaction and permeates all social activity. Displaying, responding to, and talking about emotions is thus central to human language, communication, and social interaction. However, emotions are multidimensional, indeterminate, and inherently situated phenomena, which makes studying them in contextualised settings challenging for researchers. This groundbreaking book illustrates what a sociopragmatic perspective brings to the broader scholarly understanding of emotion and its role in social life, and sets out to lay the necessary foundations for a sociopragmatic theorisation of emotion. It brings together a renowned team of multidisciplinary scholars to demonstrate how evaluation, relationships, and morality are central to any account of emotions in discourse and interaction. It also exemplifies how a sociopragmatic approach to emotions pays more attention to the role that different discourse systems play in how emotions are expressed, interpreted, responded to, and talked about across different languages and cultures.
This Element traces the origins and earliest manifestations of gender bias in the English language. The analysis is based on a corpus of Old English prose texts, written between the ninth and the eleventh centuries. The results are interpreted in the historical, cultural and literary context of Anglo-Saxon England and early medieval Europe. The investigation shows a significant difference in the way women and men are presented in Old English texts, with the former clearly associated with family life, portrayed in the context of their physical appearance, marriage and childbearing, rarely involved in meaningful activities and presented as possessions of their male relatives. Situating the linguistic representations of women in the context of Christianity, the Element demonstrates that late Old English can be seen as a vehicle of language bias that will establish male domination for centuries to come. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element adopts a holistic approach to the processing of colours in language and literature, weaving together insights from cognitive linguistics, psychology, and literary studies. Through diverse case studies, it underpins the symbolic power of colours in evoking characters' emotional states, moral traits, and cultural perceptions (Section 2). Section 3 explores how colour metaphors such as discomfort is brown influence readers' cognitive and emotional responses, drawing on psychology research on colour-emotion association. Section 4 examines how the lexeme colourless functions as its own oxymoron and is used figuratively through the metaphor anatomy is mind in Modernist literature. Each section draws on cognitive linguistic tools, showcasing how colours shape not just visual but emotional engagement with texts. By connecting cognitive science, psychology, and literary analysis, this Element offers an interdisciplinary perspective, demonstrating that colours act as stimuli shaping perception, language, and cultural meaning, enriching the literary experience across contexts and cultures.
The book explores crucial questions concerning human social existence and its animal substrate, and the intersection between the human and the wolfishly bestial. The collection connects together innovative research on the cultural significance of wolves, wild children and werewolves from a variety of perspectives. We begin with the wolf itself as it has been interpreted as a cultural symbol and how it figures in contemporary debates about human existence, wilderness and nature. Alongside this, we consider eighteenth-century debates about wild children – often thought to have been raised by wolves and other animals – and their role in key questions about the origins of language and society. The collection continues with analyses of the modern werewolf and its cultural connotations in texts from nineteenth-century Gothic through early cinema to present-day television and Young Adult fiction, concluding with the transitions between animal and human in contemporary art, poetry and fashion.
Bringing together a globally representative team of scholars, this Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of comparative syntax, the study of universal and variable properties of the structure of building blocks in natural language. Divided into four thematic parts, it covers the various theoretical and methodological approaches to syntactic variation; explores dependency relations and dependency marking; shows how the building blocks of syntax both vary and display universal properties across languages, and explores the interfaces between syntax and other aspects of language structure. It also includes examples from a typologically broad range of languages, as well as data from child language, sign language, language processing, and diachronic syntax, giving a clear picture of the ubiquity of cross-linguistic variation. It serves as a source of inspiration for future research, and forges a deeper understanding of the variant and invariant parts of language, making it essential reading for researchers and students in linguistics.
Building on the logical tradition of possible world semantics, this innovative book explores the rich and diverse empirical domain of modality in language, offering an ambitious theory of linguistic modality as indicative of uncertainty. It covers a wide variety of languages ranging from English, Greek, Italian and French, to Native American and Asian languages, and studies modals alongside evidentials, questions, and imperatives, to enable a deeper understanding of modality. The authors introduce a new analysis of linguistic necessity as conveying evidential bias, identifying new categories such as flexible necessity modals, and offering a framework for the linguistic category of evidentiality as a branch of epistemic modality. They also study the relationship between questions and modals through the concepts of nonveridical equilibrium, reflection, and evidential bias. Laying out the formal semantic tools step-by-step, it is essential reading for both scholars and students of semantics, philosophy, computational linguistics, typology and communication theory.
This volume of twelve essays, preceded by an introduction that succinctly frames the problematic and history of the notion of the ‘self’, examines the various ways the ‘self’ was perceived, fashioned and written in the course of the long eighteenth century in Great Britain. It highlights, in particular, the interface between literature and philosophy. The chapters include discussion of philosophers such as Locke, Shaftesbury, Mandeville, Hume, Hutcheson and Smith, churchmen such as Isaac Barrow and John Tillotson, the novelists Eliza Haywood, Samuel Richardson and Laurence Sterne, the poets Anne Killigrew, Alexander Pope, William Blake and William Wordsworth, the writers and sometime diarists Samuel Johnson and James Boswell, and the radical writer Sampson Perry.The originality of the studies lies in their focus on the varied ways of seeing and saying the self, and what Locke called personal identity. They foreground the advent of a recognisably modern, individualistic and ‘sustainable’ self, which, still today, remains plural and enigmatic. The book should appeal to a wide public, both undergraduate and graduate students working in Literature and the Humanities, in particular those interested in the Enlightenment period, as well as researchers and the general public interested in questions related to identity and consciousness and their formulation in the past and present.The volume follows a chronological narrative which surveys the intriguing and protean nature of the ‘self’ from varied perspectives and as expressed in different genres. It assembles contributions from both confirmed and young researchers from Britain, Europe and the United States.
Bridging the gap between linguistic theory and practice, this timely book demonstrates the transformative potential of corpus linguistics research and methods across a wide range of contexts. With contributions from a diverse range of authors, this book provides contemporary reflections on both established applications in language education, as well as emergent contexts in which corpus methods are driving social change, such as the media and law. Each chapter provides case studies that clearly demonstrate pathways from theory and analysis to application and impact, making the theory accessible without assuming specialised knowledge of specific contexts. Featuring the development of innovative methods and tools, the book shows readers that corpus linguistics is a discipline attuned to both methodological and societal impact. Showcasing the cutting-edge contributions that corpus linguistics is making to contemporary applied linguistics, this book is essential reading for academics, professionals, and anyone interested in the practical application of language data.
Although multilingual education is still a relatively new field, it has already become a solid and dynamic area of academic investigation growing worldwide. Bringing together a stellar line-up of leading experts, this Handbook covers a wide range of topics crucial for understanding the concept of multilingual education and its implementation. It includes a wide range of overviews and case studies from diverse systems of education from across the globe, to help facilitate effective multilingual instruction relevant in the realities of local and global contexts. All chapters are written in a knowledgeable, yet accessible, style, and the theory is introduced step-by-step, to provide a rich resource for classroom instructors worldwide. It will serve as the principal text for many of the rapidly increasing multilingual programmes, degrees, courses and seminars devoted to multilingual education in tertiary institutions worldwide, as well as a reference text for instructors in primary and secondary education.
How did dictionaries come to be? When and how did they originate in a specific language? Who was involved in that origin story? How have they evolved over time? What is the tension between scholarly and commercial, and between prescriptive and descriptive, dictionaries? What is the politics behind each dictionary? And what is the connection between dictionaries and nation-building? This fascinating book has the answers. It brings together a collection of conversations with leading lexicographers from around the world to explore the role dictionaries have played in history, comparing the parallel histories of lexicography in twenty different languages. The conversations explore the way dictionaries, which preserve language while contributing to their standardization, are always political in nature, prescribing some words while cancelling others. Covering major world languages, indigenous languages, and hybrid languages, this is essential reading for academic researchers and students of lexicography, and professional and trainee professional lexicographers.
The term non-canonical syntax generally refers to deviations from 'typical' word order. These represent a fascinating phenomenon in natural language use. With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this book presents a range of case-studies on non-canonical syntax across historical, register-based, and non-native varieties of English. Each chapter investigates a different non-canonical construction and assesses to what extent it can be called 'non-canonical' in a theory-based and frequency-based understanding of non-canonical syntax. A range of state-of-the-art methodologies are used, highlighting that an empirical approach to non-canonical syntactic constructions is particularly fruitful. An introduction, a synopsis, a terminological chapter, and three section introductions frame the case studies and present overviews of the theory behind non-canonical syntax and previous work, while also illustrating open questions and opportunities for future research. The volume is essential reading for advanced students of English grammar and researchers working on non-canonical syntax and syntactic variation. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
This Element presents a computational theory of syntactic variation that brings together (i) models of individual differences across distinct speakers, (ii) models of dialectal differences across distinct populations, and (iii) models of register differences across distinct contexts. This computational theory is based in Construction Grammar (CxG) because its usage-based representations can capture differences in productivity across multiple levels of abstraction. Drawing on corpora representing over 300 local dialects across fourteen countries, this Element undertakes three data-driven case-studies to show how variation unfolds across the entire grammar. These case-studies are reproducible given supplementary material that accompanies the Element. Rather than focus on discrete variables in isolation, we view the grammar as a complex system. The essential advantage of this computational approach is scale: we can observe an entire grammar across many thousands of speakers representing dozens of local populations.
Samuel Beckett and trauma is a collection of essays that opens new approaches to Beckett’s literary and theoretical work through the lens of trauma studies. Beginning with biographical and intertextual readings of instances of trauma in Beckett’s works, the essays take up performance studies, philosophical and cultural understanding of post-traumatic subjectivity, and provide new perspectives that will expand and alter current trauma studies.Chapter 1 deals with a whole range of traumatic symptoms in Beckett’s personal experiences which find their ways into a number of his works. Chapter 2 investigates traumatic symptoms experienced by actors on stage. Chapter 3 examines the problem of unspeakability by focusing on the face which illuminates the interface between Beckett’s work and trauma theory. Chapter 4 explores the relationship between trauma and skin – a psychic skin that reveals the ‘force and truth’ of trauma, a force that disrupts the apparatus of representation. Chapter 5 considers trauma caused by a bodily defect such as tinnitus. Chapter 6 focuses on the historically specific psychological structure in which a wounded subject is compelled to stick to ordinary life in the aftermath of some traumatic calamity. Chapter 7 provides a new way of looking at birth trauma by using the term as ‘creaturely life’ that is seen in the recent biopolitical discourses. Chapter 8 speculates on how Beckett’s post-war plays, responding to the nuclear age’s global trauma, resonate with ethical and philosophical thoughts of today’s post-Cold War era.
Suicide and the Gothic is the first protracted study of how the act of self-destruction recurs and functions within one of the most enduring and popular forms of fiction. Comprising eleven original essays and an authoritative introduction, this collection explores how the act of suicide has been portrayed, interrogated and pathologised from the eighteenth century to the present. The featured fictions include both the enduringly canonical and the less studied, and the geographical compass of the work embraces not merely British, European and American authors but also the highly pertinent issue of self-destruction in modern Japanese culture. Featuring detailed interventions into the understanding of texts as temporally distant as Thomas Percy’s Reliques and Patricia Highsmith’s crime fictions, and movements as diverse as Wertherism, Romanticism and fin-de-siècle decadence, Suicide and the Gothic provides a comprehensive and compelling overview of this recurrent crisis – a crisis that has personal, familial, religious, legal and medical implications – in fiction and culture. Suicide and the Gothic will prove a central – and provocative – resource for those engaged in the study of the genre from the eighteenth century onwards, but will also support scholars working in complementary literary fields from Romanticism to crime fiction and theoretical disciplines from the medical humanities to Queer Studies, as well as the broader fields of American and European studies. Its contents are as relevant to the undergraduate reader as they are to the advanced postgraduate and the faculty member: suicide is a crucial subject in culture as well as criticism.
Storytelling is a powerful tool for understanding. This casebook presents seventy dilemma-based narrative cases, providing language teachers with a thorough overview of key topics in language education. The cases cover a broad range of language teaching and learning concerns relevant to the development of pre- and in-service language teachers. They include narratives of language teachers, learners, teacher educators, researchers, administrators, and other professionals working in a variety of educational settings, such as schools, universities, private language institutions, and informal contexts, and in multilingual contexts around the world. Cases illustrate theoretical principles and concepts current in the field, in the form of moral or practical dilemmas that require resolving by readers. Case components include discussion questions, related research topics with suggested methods for carrying out research, and reading resources. A facilitator guide provides suggestions for conducting classroom and online discussions, creating case-based assignments for assessment, and mentoring teacher research.
Historical Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society in its historical dimension. This is the first textbook to introduce this vibrant field, based on examples and case studies taken from a variety of languages. Chapters begin with clear explanations of core concepts, which are then applied to historical contexts from different languages, such as English, French, Hindi and Mandarin. The volume uses several pedagogical methods, allowing readers to gain a deeper understanding of the theory and of examples. A list of key terms is provided, covering the main theoretical and methodological issues discussed. The book also includes a range of exercises and short further reading sections for students. It is ideal for students of sociolinguistics and historical linguistics, as well as providing a basic introduction to historical sociolinguistics for anyone with an interest in linguistics or social history.