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American and British English in the twenty-first century are still divided by a common language. Now in its second edition, this highly readable guide provides an authoritative reference to English usage, covering the differences, and some emerging similarities, between British, American and international English. It has been thoroughly updated and expanded to document hundreds of variable points of usage for the benefit of British and American readers, and for those seeking international forms of English for written communication, as first- or second-language users. It discusses the current status of each usage item with quantitative evidence from the NOW (News on the Web) corpus and contemporary research. Lively examples of usage are provided to capture aspects of twenty-first century culture world-wide. It also discusses issues in the use of personal names and ethnic naming practices, as well as sexist and homophobic words, and person-centred words for those living with a disability.
Bridging the divide between theory and practice, this textbook provides an easy-to-read introduction to the basic concepts required for translation practice today. Filling a void in the translation textbook market, it is unique in bringing both current theoretical and empirical knowledge to translation practice in a contextualized and relevant manner, to provide an alternative to translation studies surveys and language-specific manuals. This fully updated second edition features the latest ideas, methodologies, and technological advancements in translation theory and practice. It includes a new chapter on the role of the translator, as well as a useful teacher's companion to facilitate instructional use. Each chapter includes a wide range of exercises, textual figures, and examples taken from a range of different languages. The book also includes numerous online resources, such as PowerPoint chapter summaries and multiple-choice tests with answers. It is ideal for language teachers, translation and language students, and language industry professionals.
Construction Grammar and Systemic Functional Grammar take different approaches to the study of lexico-grammar, based on language as a cognitive and as a social phenomenon respectively. This is the first book to bring the two approaches together, using corpus-based Pattern Grammar as an underlying descriptive framework, in order to present a comprehensive and original treatment of verb-based patterns in English. It describes in detail two processes: deriving over 800 verb argument constructions from 50 verb complementation patterns; and using those constructions to populate systemic networks based on 9 semantic fields. The result is an approach to the lexis and grammar of English that unifies disparate theories, finding synergies between them and offering a challenge to each. Pattern Grammar, Construction Grammar and Systemic-Functional Grammar are introduced in an accessible way, making each approach accessible to readers from other backgrounds. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Designed specifically for class use, this text guides students through developing their own full, working constructed language. It introduces basic concepts and the decisions students need to make about their conlang's speakers and world, before walking them through the process of conlanging in incremental stages-from selecting a language's sounds to choices about its grammar. It includes hundreds of examples from natural and constructed languages, as well as over seventy end-of-chapter exercises that allow students to apply concepts to an in-progress conlang and guide them in developing their own conlang. Ideal for undergraduates, the text is also suitable for more advanced students through the inclusion of clearly highlighted sections containing advanced material and optional conlang challenges. Instructor resources include an interactive slideshow for selecting stress patterns, additional exercises and a sample syllabus, and student resources include a 'select-a-feature' conlang adventure and an exercise answer guide.
Communication is central to the experience of illness and the provision of healthcare. This book showcases the insights that can be gained into health communication by means of corpus linguistics – the computer-aided linguistic analysis of large datasets of naturally occurring language use known as 'corpora'. The book takes readers through the stages that they must go through to carry out corpus linguistic research on health communication, from formulating research questions to disseminating findings to interested stakeholders. It helps readers anticipate and deal with different kinds of challenges they may encounter, and shows the variety of applications of the methods discussed, from interactions in Accident and Emergency departments, to online discussions of mental illness, and press representations of obesity. Providing the reader with a wide range of clear case studies, it makes the relevant methods and findings accessible, engaging and inspiring. This title is also available open access on Cambridge Core.
Storytelling is a powerful tool for understanding. This casebook presents seventy dilemma-based narrative cases, providing language teachers with a thorough overview of key topics in language education. The cases cover a broad range of language teaching and learning concerns relevant to the development of pre- and in-service language teachers. They include narratives of language teachers, learners, teacher educators, researchers, administrators, and other professionals working in a variety of educational settings, such as schools, universities, private language institutions, and informal contexts, and in multilingual contexts around the world. Cases illustrate theoretical principles and concepts current in the field, in the form of moral or practical dilemmas that require resolving by readers. Case components include discussion questions, related research topics with suggested methods for carrying out research, and reading resources. A facilitator guide provides suggestions for conducting classroom and online discussions, creating case-based assignments for assessment, and mentoring teacher research.
Since the advent of Web 2.0, the interaction of user-generated content on participatory platforms has democratized content creation and reshaped communication, identity, authority, and knowledge across various fields, from health to politics, amid the post-truth phenomena. This timely book provides essential insights into the transformative effects of the evolving digital landscape. It gives a comprehensive analysis of how areas such as health, politics, and language ideology have been influenced by digital communication, and explores how online spaces have amplified minority voices, promoting inclusion and representation, while also addressing the backlash that challenges human rights associated with Internet use and the free exchange of information. The book also examines the intersection of law and digital crime, revealing the legal challenges posed by the online world. As our understanding of identity, knowledge, and authority increasingly intersects with Generative AI, it also discusses the impact of intelligent tools and the challenges they present.
The work of speechwriters is prominent in political discourse, yet the writers themselves remain in the shadows of the powerful, public figures they work for. This book throws the spotlight on these invisible wordsmiths, illuminating not only what they do, but also why it matters. Based on ethnographic research in the US American speechwriting community, it investigates the ways in which speechwriters talk about their professional practices, and also the material procedures which guide the production of their deliverables. Relying on a robust collection of various genres of discursive data, Mapes focuses on the primary rhetorical strategies which characterize speechwriters' discourse, neatly exposing how they are beholden to a linguistic marketplace entrenched in ideological and socioeconomic struggle. Providing fascinating insights into an understudied and relatively misunderstood profession, this book is essential reading for academic researchers and students in applied linguistics, discourse studies, linguistic and cultural anthropology, and sociolinguistics.
The last decade has seen an exponential increase in the development and adoption of language technologies, from personal assistants such as Siri and Alexa, through automatic translation, to chatbots like ChatGPT. Yet questions remain about what we stand to lose or gain when we rely on them in our everyday lives. As a non-native English speaker living in an English-speaking country, Vered Shwartz has experienced both amusing and frustrating moments using language technologies: from relying on inaccurate automatic translation, to failing to activate personal assistants with her foreign accent. English is the world's foremost go-to language for communication, and mastering it past the point of literal translation requires acquiring not only vocabulary and grammar rules, but also figurative language, cultural references, and nonverbal communication. Will language technologies aid us in the quest to master foreign languages and better understand one another, or will they make language learning obsolete?
How are invented languages created? Artificially constructed languages ('conlangs') shed light on how we can apply the universal principles of language to produce whole new languages. Grounded on world building and linguistic typology, this engaging book provides a step-by-step guide to language invention, introducing the basic blocks of language building (such as sounds, morphemes and sentence structure) and demonstrating their use in both natural languages from English to Swahili, and invented languages from Esperanto to Klingon. An original conlang is developed throughout the book to bring the theory to life, accompanied with scaffolded, creative exercises that allow the reader to explore different linguistic options before incorporating them in their own conlang. Making conlanging accessible to readers with little or no background in linguistics, this guide is ideal for linguistics students, creative writers, and readers interested in language and language invention.
Designed for graduate students, instructors, and seasoned researchers, this is an essential guide for robust research design and methodology in applied linguistics, covering qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research. It adopts a structured approach, starting with the foundational principles of research design, methodology, and data collection and analysis, to writing and interpreting, explaining, and reporting research results, bringing together all the steps and processes of research from start to finish in one single volume in a way that is practical, easy to follow, and easy to understand. Throughout, the emphasis is on the process of research and the application of various research techniques and principles across different areas. These characteristics, coupled with numerous pedagogical features such as key term reviews, visuals, research scenarios, and many discussion and activity questions, make the book an indispensable reference and a valuable textbook for courses in second language and applied linguistics research.
Although multilingual education is still a relatively new field, it has already become a solid and dynamic area of academic investigation growing worldwide. Bringing together a stellar line-up of leading experts, this Handbook covers a wide range of topics crucial for understanding the concept of multilingual education and its implementation. It includes a wide range of overviews and case studies from diverse systems of education from across the globe, to help facilitate effective multilingual instruction relevant in the realities of local and global contexts. All chapters are written in a knowledgeable, yet accessible, style, and the theory is introduced step-by-step, to provide a rich resource for classroom instructors worldwide. It will serve as the principal text for many of the rapidly increasing multilingual programmes, degrees, courses and seminars devoted to multilingual education in tertiary institutions worldwide, as well as a reference text for instructors in primary and secondary education.
The use of technology in various language teaching and learning contexts has become increasingly commonplace in recent years. This has resulted in an enormous range of choices for teachers and researchers in the field, but at the same time, it has also become more and more difficult for those who are new to using technology for language teaching and researching to keep up with these changes. This handbook provides a wide-ranging, accessible overview of technology in language teaching and learning by leading experts in the field from around the world. The chapters are split into six thematic parts, covering a multitude of subject areas whilst also highlighting the relationships between the topics covered. Showcasing the diversity and complexity of the field in a comprehensive yet approachable manner, it is essential reading for academic researchers and graduate students, as well as pre-service and in-service teachers in various global contexts.
An essential resource for trainee teachers and graduate students, this textbook presents strategies and practical advice for preparing and planning lessons in a clear, step-by-step way and demonstrates how to inspire confidence and competence in language learners. Chapters cover many important aspects of initial teacher training including skills development; modes of teaching; unit and lesson planning; assessment; remote learning; digital literacy, and student and teacher wellbeing. Packed with pedagogical value, each chapter includes clear learning objectives, concise chapter summaries, defined key terms, interactive box features, reflective questions and further reading recommendations. Supplementary resources include templates for planning and assessment, feed-forward and feedback forms, extra tasks and activities, and sample answers. By connecting theory and practice, this authoritative guide provides trainee teachers with the necessary tools to develop the knowledge, skills and methods required to become an effective modern languages teacher in a contemporary world.
Based on real-life case studies, this book provides an empirical study of the linguistic accessibility of environmental information for people from diverse language, cultural, and educational backgrounds. It deploys well-established statistical and machine learning models to evaluate the key linguistic features of environmental information dissemination, to both English and non-English-speaking readers, on topics such as environmental health risk and natural disaster preparedness. Using Japanese, Swahili, Tigrinya, Zulu, and Somali languages as illustrations, this book shows how English-speaking professionals can significantly improve the cross-lingual translatability of community-oriented environmental information by using machine learning. It can be used as a latest research reference for readers from different disciplinary backgrounds interested in how to design linguistically accessible environmental information to increase its social and community impact. It can also be used as a practical guidebook to community-oriented environmental information design.
Connecting theory, practice, and industry, this innovative introduction to the complex field of translation takes a can-do approach. It explores the latest advances in both research and technology, considers the importance of different genres and contexts, and takes account of developments in our understanding of the mental and physical processes involved. Chapters covers four main areas: what we know and how we acquire knowledge about translation, what translation is for, where and how translation happens, and how to do it. There are 40 illustrative exercises throughout, designed to cement understanding and encourage critical engagement, and recommendations for further reading are provided to allow more in-depth exploration of specific topics. Introducing Translation is a cutting-edge resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in languages, linguistics, and literatures.