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Independent Christian Churches were an important aspect of African anticolonial activism, but the political afterlives of these movements in the immediate postcolonial period have been broadly overlooked. This article studies the African Independent Pentecostal Church, focusing on its entanglement with the politics of reconciliation and state-building in a decolonising Kenya. During the 1950s Mau Mau uprising, the church lost its entire portfolio of land, churches, and schools. The article explores how church adherents sought to re-establish themselves on these holdings. These contests reveal that churches were political agents engaged in debates about the boundaries of postcolonial political community and the nature of post-conflict reconciliation. Churches’ roles as landowners and education providers meant denominational rivalries masked political struggles over justice for past violations. Embedded in intra-ethnic conflicts, churches negotiated with elites seeking to establish ethnic constituencies. Through this conflict and compromise, the brokered nature of the postcolonial nation-building project is revealed.
This article considers an underinvestigated aspect of Vesuvian iconography in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: the use of artistic and realistic images to represent the appearance of a landscape before and after an eruption. This was done without any of the diagrammatic images that became increasingly popular with the development of the new earth sciences. My analysis reconstructs Vesuvian iconography from this specific perspective, beginning with its origins—through an analysis of five engravings by Nicolas Perrey depicting the dramatic eruption of Vesuvius in 1631—and tracing its later developments up to the eighteenth century and the work of William Hamilton.