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26944 results in Economic history

Page 99 of 1348

  • Recent Trends in the Business History of Russia: The Blurry Borders of the Discipline

  • Valentina Fava, Volodymyr Kulikov
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 96 / Issue 2 / Summer 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 July 2022, pp. 325-351
    Print publication:
    Summer 2022
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  • The article analyzes recent trends in the business history of Russia and its interrelations with mainstream business history. The authors explore the extent to which the business history of Russia can contribute to the development of the discipline. To do so, they use an “alternative business history” framework. They argue that Russian business history is a disciplinary hybrid. As such, it can reasonably be considered as an interesting testing ground for business history, which seems to be searching for a new identity among history, economics, and organizational and managerial studies. In addition, Russian business history still has considerable potential for providing new voices and stories and for contributing to international debates and a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between enterprise, state, and society.

  • Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy

  • Robert Fredona
  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 96 / Issue 2 / Summer 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 July 2022, pp. 433-439
    Print publication:
    Summer 2022

  • “At the expense of anything?” rejoined Lady Carbury with energy. “One cannot measure such men by the ordinary rule.”

    —Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now (1875)

    Facile criticisms of Adam Tooze's new book, Shutdown: How Covid Shook the World's Economy, present themselves at once. It suffers by comparison to Tooze's masterpiece, The Wages of Destruction (2006)—easily one of the best historical works of the last two decades, a huge and original take on the economy of Nazi Germany, its geopolitics and political economy alike forged in reaction to the example of Fordist America, its war aims destined to fail because of an increasing deficit in the “balance of resources” vis-à-vis the Allies.

  • BHR volume 96 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Business History Review / Volume 96 / Issue 2 / Summer 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 July 2022, pp. f1-f7
    Print publication:
    Summer 2022
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Engraving Accuracy in Early Modern England
  • Visual Communication and the Royal Society
  • Meghan C. Doherty
  • Published by:
    Amsterdam University Press
    Published online:
    26 May 2022
    Print publication:
    08 March 2022
  • The book traces major concepts including: the creation of the visual effects of accuracy through careful action and training; the development of visual judgment and connoisseurship; the role of a network in the production of knowledge; balancing readers' expectations with representational conventions; and the effects of acts of collecting on the creation and circulation of knowledge. On the one hand, this study uncovers the fact that approaches to knowledge production were different in the seventeenth century, as compared to the twenty-first century. On the other, it reveals how the early modern struggle to sort through an overwhelming quantity of visual information - brought on by major changes in image production and circulation - resonates with our own.

One Virus, Two Countries
  • What COVID-19 Tells Us about South Africa
  • Steven Friedman
  • Published by:
    Wits University Press
    Published online:
    13 May 2022
    Print publication:
    01 November 2021
  • In this book, the author argues that COVID-19 infections and deaths were high in South Africa because health and economic inequality has made the country unable to respond appropriately.

  • Going Dutch: monetary policy in the Netherlands during the interwar gold standard, 1925–1936

  • Philip T. Fliers, Christopher L. Colvin
  • Journal:
    Financial History Review / Volume 29 / Issue 2 / August 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 May 2022, pp. 121-151
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  • Our study of the day-to-day management of monetary policy in the Netherlands between 1925 and 1936 reveals that policy leaders and central bankers were both willing and able to deviate from the monetary policy paths set by other countries, all while remaining firmly within the gold bloc. The Netherlands wielded an independent monetary policy while remaining on gold thanks to its central bank's plentiful gold reserves. Central bankers quelled any speculation against the guilder by exploiting their domestic policy influence and international reputation to restrict capital mobility. However, maintaining pre-war parity until the collapse of the gold standard in September 1936 came at a cost. Our international comparisons and counterfactual analysis suggest that Dutch officials would have avoided a deepening of the Great Depression by leaving gold alongside the UK in 1931.

  • FHR volume 29 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Financial History Review / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / April 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 April 2022, pp. f1-f2
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  • FHR volume 29 issue 1 Cover and Back matter

  • Journal:
    Financial History Review / Volume 29 / Issue 1 / April 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 April 2022, pp. b1-b2
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Understanding the Private–Public Divide
  • Markets, Governments, and Time Horizons
  • Avner Offer
  • Published online:
    14 April 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022
  • Markets are taken as the norm in economics and in much of political and media discourse. But if markets are superior why does the public sector remain so large? Avner Offer provides a distinctive new account of the effective temporal limits on private, public, and social activity. Understanding the Private–Public Divide accounts for the division of labour between business and the public sector, how it changes over time, where the boundaries ought to run, and the harm that follows if they are violated. He explains how finance forces markets to focus on short-term objectives and why business requires special privileges in return for long-term commitment. He shows how a private sector policy bias leads to inequality, insecurity, and corruption. Integrity used to be the norm and it can be achieved again. Only governments can manage uncertainty in the long-term interests of society, as shown by the challenge of climate change.

  • Chapter 1 - Patient Capital

  • Avner Offer, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Understanding the Private–Public Divide
    Published online:
    14 April 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022, pp 11-42

  • Summary

    The appropriate choice between business and public enterprise is determined by the interaction between a financial time horizon and the product or project’s economic life. The prevailing interest rate defines a precise credit time horizon which is a temporal outer bound for commercial enterprise. Projects which need longer to break even cannot be funded by business alone. Long-term projects face uncertainty and attempts to control it by means of rigid contracts lead to inferior outcomes. A ‘franchise’ overcomes the temporal boundary. Protection from uncertainty is provided by social and government agencies. Investment ‘manias’ set aside time horizons and can leave a legacy of real assets. Public–private partnerships for infrastructure development are a franchise intended to overcome credit time horizons. They were embraced by New Labour, but have given rise to inefficiency and corruption and are currently in decline. The time-horizon model undermines the standard argument for market superiority. It turns Hayek on his head: it is financial markets that require certainty, whereas social and public agencies manage in its absence.

  • Chapter 2 - Corruption and Integrity

  • Avner Offer, University of Oxford
  • Book:
    Understanding the Private–Public Divide
    Published online:
    14 April 2022
    Print publication:
    07 April 2022, pp 43-56

  • Summary

    Petty corruption breaks the rules, grand corruption writes the rules, cronyism basks in virtue. 1980s globalisation incited a corruption eruption in the periphery which spilled over back into the core in the 1990s. The United States narrowed its notion of corruption, which now engulfs politics, finance, law enforcement, and the Supreme Court. In Europe, an integrity revolution in the nineteenth century established impartial governance. It began under the ancien régime, and replaced patronage with expertise. Its ideal type of a Weberian bureaucracy, an elite corps of expert and honest administrators, was established in north-western Europe by 1870, and underpinned the capacity for war and constructive state action. Its efficiency was based on expert, impartial, and trustworthy competence. Official elites came into conflict with the forces of modernity, with democracy and the market. Their success led to over-extension, and the dilution of bureaucracy exposed it to its enemies.

Page 99 of 1348