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52 results in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Page 1 of 3

Climate Adaptation and Conflict Mitigation

Climate Adaptation and Conflict Mitigation
  • The Case of South Sudan
  • Ore Koren, Jerry Urtuzuastigui
  • Published online:
    21 April 2025
    Print publication:
    31 May 2025
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  • As climate change intensifies, conflict-prone tropical regions face heightened vulnerabilities, yet little is known about how climate adaptation and food security efforts affect conflict dynamics. Using South Sudan – a country highly susceptible to climate stress and conflict – as a test case, this Element analyzes how international nongovernmental organizations' (INGO) climate adaptation interventions influence civil war and local social conflicts. It develops a theoretical framework linking climate adaptation to conflict, positing both positive and negative externalities. Drawing on original high-resolution data on INGO-driven adaptation and food security efforts, alongside climate, conflict, and development data, findings are substantiated with interviews from policy workers in South Sudan. The results indicate that while adaptation generally does not reduce conflict, interventions that promote preparedness and are implemented during periods of high climate stress can mitigate social conflicts between militias, pastoralists, and farmers. These insights provide guidance for designing climate adaptation strategies that reduce conflict risks.

How to Decarbonize
  • Policy and Social Theory
  • Ross Astoria
  • Published online:
    17 April 2025
    Print publication:
    13 March 2025
  • How to Decarbonize explores opportunities for decarbonization introduced by recent federal legislation, which has prompted state-level climate planning. It is designed for students and professionals whose work brings them into contact with these opportunities, even if climate is not their primary profession, including city managers, bankers, and home builders who are interested in participating in planning for decarbonization. Chapters aim to support the successful uptake of these policies by providing high-level views of these new decarbonization policies using social theory. The book is divided into four sections, each introducing a social theory about the organization of societies and how they change, and then providing examples to demonstrate the intricacies of implementation.

Connectivity in Geomorphology
  • Edited by Ronald Pöppl, Anthony Parsons, Saskia Keesstra
  • Published online:
    10 April 2025
    Print publication:
    17 April 2025
  • This edited work provides the first comprehensive account of how connectivity concepts and methods are applied in geomorphology. Addressing both qualitative and quantitative aspects, this volume demonstrates how the powerful conceptual framework of connectivity can be used to effectively describe material transfer between geomorphic system components. The book begins by introducing the key elements of connectivity science, drawing from a broad range of disciplines. The latest research on connectivity is then presented for each major process domain, including hillslopes, rivers and glaciers. Methods of quantification and measurement are described, providing an overview of methodologies and indices that can be used to assess connectivity as a property of soils and landscapes, and approaches for modelling connectivity are reviewed. The book concludes with an examination of applications of connectivity thinking in environmental management. Accessible and self-contained, this text is a key resource for practitioners, researchers and graduate students in geomorphology.

Migration and Displacement in a Changing Climate
  • Kelsea Best, Kayly Ober, Robert A. McLeman
  • Published online:
    10 April 2025
    Print publication:
    17 April 2025
  • This book provides insight into the impact of climate change on human mobility - including both migration and displacement - by synthesizing key concepts, research, methodology, policy, and emerging issues surrounding the topic. It illuminates the connections between climate change and its implications for voluntary migration, involuntary displacement, and immobility by providing examples from around the world. The chapters use the latest findings from the natural and social sciences to identify key interactions shaping current climate-related migration, displacement, and immobility; predict future changes in those patterns and methods used to model them; summarize key policy and governance instruments available to us to manage the movements of people in a changing climate; and offer directions for future research and opportunities. This book will be valuable for students, researchers, and policy makers of geography, environmental science, climate and sustainability studies, demography, sociology, public policy, and political science.

Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows
  • 2nd edition
  • Peter G. Baines
  • Published online:
    04 April 2025
    Print publication:
    27 January 2022
  • Covering both theory and experiment, this text describes the behaviour of homogeneous and density-stratified fluids over and around topography. Its presentation is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in fluid mechanics, as well as for practising scientists, engineers, and researchers. Using laboratory experiments and illustrations to further understanding, the author explores topics ranging from the classical hydraulics of single-layer flow to more complex situations involving stratified flows over two- and three-dimensional topography, including complex terrain. A particular focus is placed on applications to the atmosphere and ocean, including discussions of downslope windstorms, and of oceanic flow over continental shelves and slopes. This new edition has been restructured to make it more digestible, and updated to cover significant developments in areas such as exchange flows, gravity currents, waves in stratified fluids, stability, and applications to the atmosphere and ocean.

A Climate of Truth
  • Why We Need It and How To Get It
  • Mike Berners-Lee
  • Published online:
    27 March 2025
    Print publication:
    27 March 2025
  • We have most of the technology we need to combat the climate crisis - and most people want to see more action. But after three decades of climate COPs, we are accelerating into a polycrisis of climate, food security, biodiversity, pollution, inequality, and more. What, exactly, has been holding us back? Mike Berners-Lee looks at the challenge from new angles. He stands further back to gain perspective; he digs deeper under the surface to see the root causes; he joins up every element of the challenge; and he learns lessons from our failures of the past. He spells out why, if humanity is to thrive in the future, the most critical step is to raise standards of honesty in our politics, our media, and our businesses. Anyone asking 'what can each of us do right now to help?' will find inspiration in this practical and important book.

Earth System Modeling, Data Assimilation and Predictability
  • Atmosphere, Oceans, Land and Human Systems
  • 2nd edition
  • Eugenia Kalnay, Safa Mote, Cheng Da
  • Published online:
    21 March 2025
    Print publication:
    31 October 2024
  • Since the publication of the first edition of this highly regarded textbook, the value of data assimilation has become widely recognized across the Earth sciences and beyond. Data assimilation methods are now being applied to many areas of prediction and forecasting, including extreme weather events, wildfires, infectious disease epidemics, and economic modeling. This second edition provides a broad introduction to applications across the Earth systems and coupled Earth–human systems, with an expanded range of topics covering the latest developments of variational, ensemble, and hybrid data assimilation methods. New toy models and intermediate-complexity atmospheric general circulation models provide hands-on engagement with key concepts in numerical weather prediction, data assimilation, and predictability. The inclusion of computational projects, exercises, lecture notes, teaching slides, and sample exams makes this textbook an indispensable and practical resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners who work in weather forecasting and climate prediction.
Learning from COVID-19 for Climate-Ready Urban Transformation

Learning from COVID-19 for Climate-Ready Urban Transformation
  • Darshini Mahadevia, Gian C. Delgado-Ramos, Janice Barnes, Joan Fitzgerald, Miho Kamei, Kevin Lanza, William Solecki, Minal Pathak, Martha Barata, Aliyu Salisu Barau, Maria Dombrov, Cynthia Rosenzweig
  • Published online:
    17 February 2025
    Print publication:
    20 March 2025
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  • Cities have suffered from three years of the COVID-19 pandemic and are increasingly experiencing exacerbated heatwaves, floods, and droughts due to climate change. Going forward, cities need to address both climate and public health crises effectively while reducing poverty and inequity, often in the context of economic pressure and declining levels of trust in government. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in city readiness for simultaneous responses to pandemics and climate change, particularly in the Global South. However, these concurrent challenges to cities present an opportunity to reformulate current urbanization patterns and the economies and dynamics they enable. This Element focuses on understanding COVID-19's impact on city systems related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and vice versa, in terms of warnings, lessons learned, and calls to action. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Ecoviolence Studies
  • Human Exploitation and Environmental Crime
  • Edited by Peter Stoett, Delon Omrow
  • Published online:
    13 February 2025
    Print publication:
    20 February 2025
  • Ecoviolence, defined broadly as the intersection between human-human exploitation and the destruction of nature, is one of the defining features of our time. This book collects ten case studies examining the intersection between the exploitation of human beings and environmental harm. Topics discussed include the wildlife trade, ecoviolence at sea, natural resource exploitation in Latin America and Africa, human trafficking induced by extreme weather events, climate change-related language death, and the confluence of drug cartels and environmental destruction. The book argues that Ecoviolence Studies has emerged as an expanded, multidisciplinary field in its own right, and that policy responses and the search for environmental and social justice should reflect accumulated knowledge in this area. It is an insightful volume for researchers and graduate students working in green criminology, Earth system governance, environmental politics, human rights, environmental and international law, and related areas.
Who Tells Your Story?

Who Tells Your Story?
  • Women and Indigenous Peoples Advocacy at the UNFCCC
  • Takumi Shibaike, Bi Zhao
  • Published online:
    07 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Thousands of civil society organizations (CSOs) attend the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) every year. Through their advocacy work, CSOs define and redefine what “climate change” is really about. The Element focuses on climate advocacy for women and Indigenous peoples (IPs), two prominent climate justice frames at the UNFCCC. Which CSOs advocate for women and IPs? How and why do CSOs adopt gender and Indigenous framing? Bridging the literature on framing strategy and organizational ecology, it presents two mechanisms by which CSOs adopt climate justice frames: self-representation and surrogate-representation. The Element demonstrates that, while gender advocacy is developed primarily by women's CSOs, IPs advocacy is developed by a variety of CSOs beyond IPs organizations. It suggests that these different patterns of frame development may have long-term consequences for how we think about climate change in relation to gender and IPs.

Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Law and Policy in the Middle East and North Africa Region
  • Edited by Damilola S. Olawuyi, Riyad Fakhri
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • This book offers a comprehensive and authoritative account of the guiding principles and rules relating to biodiversity, nature conservation, and the protection of cultural heritage in the MENA region. The book introduces readers to the applicable legislation, institutions and rules underpinning the design, approval, financing and implementation of biodiversity and nature-based solutions across the MENA region. It also explores larger questions on legal and institutional frameworks that can help address broader issues of fragmentation, gender inequality, inadequate stakeholder engagement, lack of transparency, limited access to environmental information, and lack of comprehensive domestic legislation, all of which stifle the integrated implementation of biodiversity and nature conservation treaties and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from biodiversity and nature in the region. Written in a user-friendly style, the book closes with recommendations and reflections on legal and regulatory innovations for advancing biodiversity and nature-based solutions in the MENA region. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

American Grasslands
  • Reckoning with the Law and Policy that Shaped Agriculture in the West
  • Hillary M. Hoffmann
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • American Grasslands provides a comprehensive review of select laws and policies that have shaped modern western agriculture. Through compelling stories of both famous and lesser-known ranches, the book explores the trajectory of law and policy that has consolidated power in western ranchers and agricultural enterprises. Drawing lessons from historical events such as the Dust Bowl and the current climate and extinction crises, the book illustrates the harmful externalities of agricultural activity and the need for meaningful reform. The book also addresses recent national calls for social and racial justice in the context of western agriculture and public resources like water, land, and wildlife. After highlighting the problems created by current laws and policies, the book offers practical recommendations for future legal and policy reform. American Grasslands is a must-read for anyone interested in the history and future of western agriculture and the role of law and policy in shaping it.

The Water Diaries
  • Living with the Global Water Crisis in Bangladesh and Kenya
  • Sonia Hoque, Rob Hope
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Cyclones, flash floods, droughts, and pollution batter the aspirations of people living at the sharp end of water insecurity. By charting the daily water use behaviour of people in Kenya and Bangladesh for a year, this book explores the intersecting drivers of global water risks and the spatial and seasonal inequalities. Comprising a clear methodological chapter and four detailed case studies of both urban and rural areas, it critically reviews existing policy and institutional design, arguing for a new architecture in allocating risks and responsibilities fairly and effectively between government, communities, enterprises, and water users. In identifying the risks and potential responses for policy and investment action, it provides theoretical insights and a practical guide to developing more effective policy in Kenya and Bangladesh, with solutions that will be applicable in other regions facing similar challenges. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

An Introduction to Continuum Physics
  • Steven R. Pride
  • Published online:
    06 February 2025
    Print publication:
    13 February 2025
  • Adopting a unified mathematical framework, this textbook gives a comprehensive derivation of the rules of continuum physics, describing how the macroscopic response of matter emerges from the underlying discrete molecular dynamics. Covered topics include elasticity and elastodynamics, electromagnetics, fluid dynamics, diffusive transport in fluids, capillary physics and thermodynamics. By also presenting mathematical methods for solving boundary-value problems across this breadth of topics, readers develop understanding and intuition that can be applied to many important real-world problems within the physical sciences and engineering. A wide range of guided exercises are included, with accompanying answers, allowing readers to develop confidence in using the tools they have learned. This book requires an understanding of linear algebra and vector calculus and will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry, engineering and geoscience.

Ganymede
  • Edited by Martin Volwerk, Melissa McGrath, Xianzhe Jia, Tilman Spohn
  • Published online:
    03 February 2025
    Print publication:
    20 February 2025
  • With ESA's upcoming JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission to Jupiter and Ganymede, this book provides a fascinating and timely summary of our current knowledge about Ganymede: the largest moon in the Solar System and the only one with an intrinsic magnetic field. Written by a team of multidisciplinary experts spanning geology, space physics and habitability, it provides up-to-date knowledge about Ganymede. The history of its discovery, formation, surface, atmosphere and space environment are discussed in accessible language and supported by the enormous amount of data obtained by Galileo, the Hubble Space Telescope and earlier missions. The latest surface maps of Ganymede are also presented, providing an invaluable reference for graduate students and researchers working in planetary science.
Sustaining Development in Small Islands

Sustaining Development in Small Islands
  • Climate Change, Geopolitical Security, and the Permissive Liberal Order
  • Matthew Louis Bishop, Rachid Bouhia, Salā George Carter, Jack Corbett, Courtney Lindsay, Michelle Scobie, Emily Wilkinson
  • Published online:
    30 January 2025
    Print publication:
    30 January 2025
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  • The viability of small island developing states (SIDS) is threatened by three distinct processes – a backlash against globalisation; rising geopolitical competition between powers; and accelerating climate change – which are pulling at the threads binding the liberal international order together. We suggest that this order has been kinder to SIDS than is often acknowledged because its underpinning norms – sovereign equality, non-interference, and right to development – are inherently permissive and thus provide SIDS with choices rather than imperatives. Their leaders should fight for the continuation and enhancement of that order rather than be seduced by alternatives. We provide a rationale for and examples of policies to achieve this, including reforms to the way ODA is measured, debt restructured, climate finance allocated, and global governance organised. These enhancements represent the most plausible pathway for SIDS in a period of significant global upheaval. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Institutionalising Multispecies Justice

Institutionalising Multispecies Justice
  • Danielle Celermajer, Anthony Burke, Stefanie Fishel, Erin Fitz-Henry, Nicole Rogers, David Schlosberg, Christine Winter
  • Published online:
    29 January 2025
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025
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  • Multispecies Justice (MSJ) is a theory and practice seeking to correct the defects making dominant theories of justice incapable of responding to current and emerging planetary disruptions and extinctions. Multispecies Justice starts with the assumption that justice is not limited to humans but includes all Earth others, and the relationships that enable their functioning and flourishing. This Element describes and imagines a set of institutions, across all scales and in different spheres, that respect, revere, and care for the relationships that make life on Earth possible and allow all natural entities, humans included, to flourish. It draws attention to the prefigurative work happening within societies otherwise dominated by institutions characterised by Multispecies Injustice, demonstrating historical and ongoing practices of MSJ in different contexts. It then sketches speculative possibilities that expand on existing institutional reforms and are more fundamentally transformational. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Public Engagement with Science

Public Engagement with Science
  • Defining the Project
  • Angela Potochnik, Melissa Jacquart
  • Published online:
    27 January 2025
    Print publication:
    08 May 2025
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  • 'Public engagement with science' is gaining currency as the framing for outreach activities related to science. However, knowledge bearing on the topic is siloed in a variety of disciplines, and public engagement activities often are conducted without support from relevant theory or familiarity with related activities. This first Element in the Public Engagement with Science series sets the stage for the series by delineating the target of investigation, establishing the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration and community partnerships for effective public engagement with science, examining the roles public engagement with science plays in academic institutions, and providing initial resources about the theory and practice of public engagement with science. Useful to academics who would like to conduct or study public engagement with science, but also to public engagement practitioners as a window into relevant academic knowledge and cultures. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Plate Tectonics
  • Haakon Fossen, Christian Teyssier
  • Published online:
    24 January 2025
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024
  • This advanced undergraduate textbook provides a thoroughly modern overview of plate tectonics and is the perfect resource for a capstone geology course. It presents plate tectonics as a multifaceted, interdisciplinary theory that unites many different geological observations and processes into a harmonious model so that readers grasp how the outer part of our planet works in relation to the deep interior. Supported by clear prose, helpful analogies, and stunning colour imagery, readers will gain an in-depth understanding of how and why plates interact to produce different topography, rock assemblages and deformation features along plate boundaries. Written by an author pairing renowned for their research, teaching, and textbook writing experience, this text covers necessary ground for a single-semester course without overwhelming readers and offers a truly accessible introduction to quantitative topics. Student-friendly features chart clear paths through every chapter and a rich suite of online resources bring plate tectonics to life.

Strike-Slip Terrains and Transform Margins
  • Structural Architecture, Thermal Regimes and Petroleum Systems
  • Michal Nemčok, Anthony G. Doré, Andreas Henk, Helen Doran
  • Published online:
    23 January 2025
    Print publication:
    23 January 2025
  • Many of the world's continents are bounded or traversed by vast fault networks that move laterally, like the well-known San Andreas Fault. As well as being major tectonic features of the Earth's surface, these strike-slip regimes are vitally important to the world's natural resources – petroleum, water, and geothermal energy. This book covers all aspects of these regimes; how they initiate; how they develop; and the natural resources associated with them. Numerous global case studies illustrate structural development, thermal and fluid flow implications, and commercial applicability. No other book provides such a comprehensive overview of these settings, and this volume will stand as a critical reference of the state of knowledge of strike-slip terrains and transform margins. It will be invaluable for a broad range of readers, from advanced students of geology and researchers specializing in strike-slip regimes to geoscientists and managers involved in natural resources and energy solutions.

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