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Whether due to climate change, drought, flooding, competing demands, or pollution, watersheds across the globe are under significant duress. To respond to these complex challenges, collaborative approaches to watershed governance have increasingly been adopted in the United States, but very few studies have yet to systematically assess their true effectiveness. This book addresses a significant gap in research by undertaking a comprehensive study of alternative, collaborative structures and whether these produce better water quality outcomes than traditional regulatory governance. Analyzing almost one quarter of US watersheds and examining both the revealed and perceived outcomes of watershed stakeholder collaboration, it is the first large-scale study on this topic. The insights the chapters provide will equip readers with a nuanced and generalizable understanding of the effectiveness of collaboration in natural resource management, which will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners in wide-ranging environmental and public policy roles.
Climate change will increase the occurrence of floods in cities and open areas. As well as the widely documented social and economic impacts of floods, these events can also have a significant and long-lasting impact on water quality. This multidisciplinary edited volume provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of floods on water quality, with chapters written by experts on water chemistry, water management, flood risk management, and urban engineering and planning. It presents global case studies, ranging from Australia and Canada to India and China, and includes contributions by scholars from Asia, Latin America, and Europe. It evaluates precautionary measures, such as the need for early warning systems to predict pluvial flood events, and practical solutions involving urban drainage, in the context of the needs of different regions. This book will be of interest to researchers, policy makers and professionals working in water management, environmental engineering and urban flooding.
This textbook reflects the changing landscape of water management by combining the fields of satellite remote sensing and water management. Divided into three major sections, it begins by discussing the information that satellite remote sensing can provide about water, and then moves on to examine how it can address real-world management challenges, focusing on precipitation, surface water, irrigation management, reservoir monitoring, and water temperature tracking. The final part analyses governance and social issues that have recently been given more attention as the world reckons with social justice and equity aspects of engineering solutions. This book uses case studies from around the globe to demonstrate how satellite remote sensing can improve traditional water practices and includes end-of-chapter exercises to facilitate student learning. It is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in water resource management, and as reference textbook for researchers and professionals.
This edited work provides the first comprehensive account of how connectivity concepts and methods are applied in geomorphology. Addressing both qualitative and quantitative aspects, this volume demonstrates how the powerful conceptual framework of connectivity can be used to effectively describe material transfer between geomorphic system components. The book begins by introducing the key elements of connectivity science, drawing from a broad range of disciplines. The latest research on connectivity is then presented for each major process domain, including hillslopes, rivers and glaciers. Methods of quantification and measurement are described, providing an overview of methodologies and indices that can be used to assess connectivity as a property of soils and landscapes, and approaches for modelling connectivity are reviewed. The book concludes with an examination of applications of connectivity thinking in environmental management. Accessible and self-contained, this text is a key resource for practitioners, researchers and graduate students in geomorphology.
Cyclones, flash floods, droughts, and pollution batter the aspirations of people living at the sharp end of water insecurity. By charting the daily water use behaviour of people in Kenya and Bangladesh for a year, this book explores the intersecting drivers of global water risks and the spatial and seasonal inequalities. Comprising a clear methodological chapter and four detailed case studies of both urban and rural areas, it critically reviews existing policy and institutional design, arguing for a new architecture in allocating risks and responsibilities fairly and effectively between government, communities, enterprises, and water users. In identifying the risks and potential responses for policy and investment action, it provides theoretical insights and a practical guide to developing more effective policy in Kenya and Bangladesh, with solutions that will be applicable in other regions facing similar challenges. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Water shapes the planet and all life upon it. Breaking down traditional disciplinary barriers, this accessible, holistic introduction to the role and importance of water in Earth's physical and biological environments assumes no prior knowledge. It provides the reader with a clear and coherent explanation of the unique properties of water and how these allow it to affect landscapes and underpin all life on Earth. Contemporary issues surrounding water quality – such as the rise of microplastics and climate change – are highlighted, ensuring readers understand current debates. Giving all of the necessary background and up-to-date references, and including numerous examples and illustrations to explain concepts, worked mathematical calculations, and extensive end-of-chapter questions, this is the ideal introductory textbook for students seeking to understand the inextricable links between water and the environment.
This comprehensive textbook combines the theoretical principles of engineering hydrology together with their practical applications, using modern industry-standard software. The textbook is written by the combination of a practitioner of water resources engineering with over 30 years of professional experience and a highly respected academic and recognized world authority in hydrology. Examples are drawn from global case studies, with exercises available online. The book begins with a review of the necessary mathematics and statistical hydrology. The underlying principles of the geographic information systems are discussed. In addition to topics covering fundamental concepts, separate chapters are devoted to reservoir operations, water resources management, climate change, and various methods of optimizing hydrologic models for calibration and validation. This textbook will prove to be indispensable for advanced students in civil, environmental, and agricultural engineering, preparing them to confidently join the industrial sector. It will also be an indispensable reference textbook for practicing engineers, bringing them up to date with modern techniques in applied hydrology.
Wilfried Brutsaert (2022 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate) has revised and updated his classic textbook to take into account recent developments, while retaining the rigor and structure of the previous edition to introduce the fundamental principles of hydrology. New topics include the response of the global water cycle to climate change, the land surface energy budget closure, snow melt, groundwater trends and statistical surface variability with disturbed atmospheric boundary layers. Hydrologic phenomena are dealt with at the spatial and temporal scales at which they occur in nature. The physics and mathematics necessary to describe these phenomena are introduced and developed: readers will require a working knowledge of calculus and basic fluid mechanics. This classroom-tested textbook – based on the author's long-running course at Cornell - is invaluable for entry-level courses in hydrology directed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physical science and engineering. In addition, it is also a great reference text for practising scientists and engineers.
Over the past several decades, analyses of solute migration in aquifers have widely adopted the classical advection-dispersion equation. However, misunderstandings over advection-dispersion concepts, their relationship with the scales of heterogeneity, our observation and interest, and their ensemble mean nature have created furious debates about the concepts' validity. This book provides a unified and comprehensive overview and lucid explanations of the stochastic nature of solute transport processes at different scales. It also presents tools for analyzing solute transport and its uncertainty to meet our needs at different scales. Easy-to-understand physical explanations without complex mathematics make this book an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professionals performing groundwater quality evaluations, management, and remediation.
The 2006 second edition of this well received and widely adopted textbook has been extensively revised to provide a more comprehensive treatment of hydromechanics (the coupling of groundwater flow and deformation), to incorporate findings from the substantial body of research published since the first edition, and to include three new chapters on compaction and diagenesis, metamorphism, and subsea hydrogeology. The opening section develops basic theory of groundwater motion, fluid-solid mechanical interaction, solute transport, and heat transport. The second section applies flow, hydromechanics, and transport theory in a generalized geologic context, and focuses on particular geologic processes and environments. A systematic presentation of theory and application coupled with problem sets to conclude each chapter make this text ideal for use by advanced undergraduate and graduate-level hydrogeologists and geologists. It also serves as an invaluable reference for professionals in the field.
Hydraulic geometry describes the relations between stable channel characteristics and discharge and adjustments made by a stream in response to changes in river discharge and sediment load. This book introduces hydraulic geometry and discusses different theories and their applications in river engineering, thus providing a comprehensive summary for hydraulic engineers, as well as graduate students and researchers in fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic and environmental engineering. Topics covered include the basis of power form of hydraulic geometry relations, validity and stability of power relations, state and assumption of equilibrium, variability of exponents, variation of channel width and velocity, and the effect of stream size and river channel patterns.
An invaluable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, this book introduces the basic terminology, methods and theory of the physics of flow in porous media. Geometric concepts, such as percolation and fractals, are explained and simple simulations are created, providing readers with both the knowledge and the analytical tools to deal with real experiments. It covers the basic hydrodynamics of porous media and how complexity emerges from it, as well as establishing key connections between hydrodynamics and statistical physics. Covering current concepts and their uses, this book is of interest to applied physicists and computational/theoretical Earth scientists and engineers seeking a rigorous theoretical treatment of this topic. Physics of Flow in Porous Media fills a gap in the literature by providing a physics-based approach to a field that is mostly dominated by engineering approaches.
Beaches, barrier islands and tidal inlets are valuable coastal resources and provide desirable environments that are often densely populated. They are dynamic landforms that change constantly, driven by both normal processes and energetic storms. They behave as one interconnected system and must be understood and managed as such. This book discusses their various morphologic features, as well as the processes that shape them and future challenges due to environmental change. A major focus is placed on the interaction between sandy beaches and tidal inlets, and the sediment exchange among various morphologic features. Balancing these valuable sediment resources while maintaining the natural sediment exchange constitutes a major goal of modern shore protection and coastal management. Illustrated with numerous aerial photographs to demonstrate how beaches and tidal inlets interact, this book provides a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers and professionals working in coastal management and geomorphology.
This textbook provides a comprehensive treatment of irrigation engineering for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. It does not require a background in calculus, hydrology, or hydraulics, offering a one-stop overview of the entire field of study. It includes everything a student of irrigation engineering needs to know: concepts of climate, soils, crops, water quality, hydrology, and hydraulics, as well as their application to design and environmental management. To demonstrate the practical applications of the theories discussed, there are over 300 worked examples and end-of chapter exercises. The exercises allow readers to solve real-world problems and apply the information they've learned to a diverse range of scenarios. To further prepare students for their future careers, each chapter includes many illustrative diagrams and tables containing data to help design irrigation systems. For instructors' use when planning and teaching, a solutions manual can be found online alongside a suite of PowerPoint lecture slides.
Written for a one-semester course in hydraulics, this concise textbook is rooted in the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and aims to promote sound hydraulic engineering practice. Basic methods are presented to underline the theory and engineering applications, and examples and problems build in complexity as students work their way through the textbook. Abundant worked examples and calculations, real-world case studies, and revision exercises, as well as precisely crafted end-of-chapter exercises ensure students learn exactly what they need in order to consolidate their knowledge and progress in their career.Students learn to solve pipe networks, optimize pumping systems, design pumps and turbines, solve differential equations for gradually-varied flow and unsteady flow, and gain knowledge of hydraulic structures like spillways, gates, valves, and culverts. An essential textbook for intermediate to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in civil and environmental engineering.
Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.
A multitude of processes in hydrology and environmental engineering are either random or entail random components which are characterized by random variables. These variables are described by frequency distributions. This book provides an overview of different systems of frequency distributions, their properties, and applications to the fields of water resources and environmental engineering. A variety of systems are covered, including the Pearson system, Burr system, and systems commonly applied in economics, such as the D'Addario, Dagum, Stoppa, and Esteban systems. The latter chapters focus on the Singh system and the frequency distributions deduced from Bessel functions, maximum entropy theory, and the transformations of random variables. The final chapter introduces the genetic theory of frequency distributions. Using real-world data, this book provides a valuable reference for researchers, graduate students, and professionals interested in frequency analysis.
Climate change is leading to changing patterns of precipitation and increasingly extreme global weather. There is an urgent need to synthesize our current knowledge on climate risks to water security, which in turn is fundamental for achieving sustainable water management. Climate Risk and Sustainable Water Management discusses hydrological extremes, climate variability, climate impact assessment, risk analysis, and hydrological modelling. It provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary exploration of climate risks to water security, helping to guide sustainable water management in a changing and uncertain future. The relevant theory is accessibly explained using examples throughout, helping readers to apply the knowledge learned to their own situations and challenges. This textbook is especially valuable to students of hydrology, resource management, climate change, and geography, as well as a reference textbook for researchers, civil and environmental engineers, and water management professionals concerned with water-related hazards, water cycles, and climate change.
The Water Quality Act of 1987 ushered in a new era of clean water policy to the US. The Act stands today as the longest-lived example of national water quality policy. It included a then-revolutionary funding model for wastewater infrastructure - the Clean Water State Revolving Fund - which gave states much greater authority to allocate clean water infrastructure resources. Significant differences between states exist in terms of their ability to provide adequate resources for the program, as well as their ability (or willingness) to meet the wishes of Congress to serve environmental needs and communities. This book examines the patterns of state program resource distribution using case studies and analysis of state and national program data. This book is important for researchers from a range of disciplines, including water, environmental and infrastructure policy, federalism/intergovernmental relations, intergovernmental administration, and natural resource management, as well as policy makers and policy advocates.
This textbook provides an in-depth overview of the hydrodynamics of estuaries and semi-enclosed bodies of water. It begins by describing the typical classification of estuaries, followed by a presentation of the quantitative tools needed to study these basins: conservation of mass, salt, heat, momentum, and the thermodynamic equation of seawater. Further topics explore tides in homogeneous basins, including shallow water tides and tidal residual flows, wind-driven flows in homogeneous basins, density-driven flows, as well as interactions among tides, winds and density gradients. The book proposes a classification of semi-enclosed basins that is based on dominant dynamics, comparing forcing agents and restorative or balancing forces. Introduction to Estuarine Hydrodynamics provides an introduction for advanced students and researchers across a range of disciplines - Earth science, environmental science, biology, chemistry, geology, hydrology, physics - related to the study of estuarine systems.