This chapter examines a second uprising that erupted in July 1785 against a company of the Spanish Regiment of Extremadura that arrived in Chuquisaca to replace the Savoy company. Although the violence was perpetrated mainly by the lower classes, especially by members of the militia, it stemmed from tensions that affected the entire population. Sparked by the death of a patrician in a brawl with a soldier, as in 1782, the underlying cause of the unrest this time was the order to disarm the salaried urban militias that had remained active since the great rebellion of 1780–1781. The disbanding of the militias deprived the mestizos and cholos who comprised them, as well as the creole officers who commanded them, of an important means of livelihood (the daily pay they received) and of what they considered a rightful privilege and symbol of social prestige earned through their service to the king. The chapter examines the violent clashes between the rioters and the Spanish army as well as the ensuing political conflicts between the city council, as the representative body of both patricians and plebeians, with the highest colonial authorities in Chuquisaca and the viceregal court in Buenos Aires.