Application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Different Populations and Settings

Jessica Davies; Paul Salkovskis; Kenneth Laidlaw

Part IV - Application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Different Populations and Settings

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 November 2025

Paul Salkovskis and

Foreword by

Jessica Davies: Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Paul Salkovskis: Affiliation:
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford
Kenneth Laidlaw: Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Judith S. Beck: Affiliation:
Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania

Book contents

Get access

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) , pp. 277 - 383

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009090940 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Arundell, LL, Barnett, P., Buckman, JEJ, Saunders, R, Pilling, S., The effectiveness of adapted psychological interventions for people from ethnic minority groups: A systematic review and conceptual typology. Clinical Psychology Review. 2021;88:102063.10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102063CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cuijpers, P, Karyotaki, E, Eckshtain, D, Ng, MY, Cortesellinia, KA, Noma, H, et al. Psychotherapy for depression across different age groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(7):694–702.10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0164CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hinton, DE, Patel, A. Cultural adaptations of cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2017;40(4):701–714,10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.006CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

References

Chaplin, R, Farquharson, L, Clapp, M, Crawford, M. Comparison of access, outcomes and experiences of older adults and working age adults in psychological therapy. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2015;30:178–184.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Saunders, R, Buckman JEJ, Stott J, Leibowitz J, Aguirre E, John A, et al. Older adults respond better to psychological therapy than working age adults: Evidence from a large sample of mental health service attendees. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021;294:85–93.10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.084CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Rubin, D, Berntsen, D. People over forty feel 20% younger than their age: Subjective age across the lifespan. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2006;13(5):776–780.10.3758/BF03193996CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kornadt, AE, Albert, I, Hoffmann, M, Murdock, E, Nell, J. Ageism and older people’s health and well-being during the COVID-19-pandemic: The moderating role of subjective aging. European Journal of Ageing, 2021;18(2):173–184.10.1007/s10433-021-00624-8CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kotter-Grühn, D, Kornadt, A, Stephan, Y. Looking beyond chronological age: Current knowledge and future directions in the study of subjective age. Gerontology, 2016;62:86–93.10.1159/000438671CrossRef Google Scholar

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2022, Data Sources. UN DESA/POP/2022/DC/NO. 9.Google Scholar

Bennett, JE, Guianquan L, Foreman K, Best N, Kontis V, Pearson C, et al. The future of life expectancy and life expectancy inequalities in England and Wales: Bayesian spatiotemporal forecasting. Lancet, 2015;386 (9989):P163–170.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Marmot, M, Allen, J, Boyce, T, Goldblatt, P, Morrison, J. Health Equity in England: The Marmot Review Ten Years On. London: Institute of Health Equity; 2020.Google Scholar

Robine, JM. Ageing populations: We are living longer lives, but are we healthier? United Nations, Department of Economics and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2021; UN DESA/POP/2021/TP/NO. 2.Google Scholar

Frost, R, Beattie, A, Bhanu, C, Walters, K, Ben-Shlomo, B. Management of depression and referral of older people to psychological therapies. A systematic review of qualitative studies. British Journal of General Practice, 2019;e171.CrossRef Google Scholar

Laidlaw, K. CBT with Older People. In Wenzel, A (Ed.), The American Psychological Association’s Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Vol. 2 Applications. Washington DC: APA; 2021.Google Scholar

Rodda, J, Walker, Z, Carter, J. Depression in older adults. BMJ-British Medical Journal, 2011;343(8):d5219.10.1136/bmj.d5219CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Haigh, EAP, Bogucki, OE, Sigmon, ST, Blazer, DG. Depression among older adults: A 20-year update on five common myths and misconceptions. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2018;26(1):107–122.10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.011CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Carstensen, LL. Socioemotional selectivity theory: The role of perceived endings in human motivation. The Gerontologist, 2021;61(8):1188–1196.10.1093/geront/gnab116CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sims, T, Hogan, CL, Carstensen, LL. Selectivity as an emotion regulation strategy: Lessons from older adults. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2015;3:80–84.10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.012CrossRef Google Scholar

Stretton, J, Schweizer, S, Dalgleish, T. Age-related enhancements in positive emotionality across the lifespan: Structural equation modelling of brain and behaviour. Journal of Neuroscience, 2022;42(16):3461–3472.10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1453-21.2022CrossRef Google Scholar

Urry, HL, Gross, JJ. Emotion regulation and older age. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2010;19:352–357.10.1177/0963721410388395CrossRef Google Scholar

Sims, T, Carstensen, LL. The elusiveness of a life-span model of emotional regulation. ISSBD Bull. 2014;38(3):30–32.Google Scholar

Scheibe, S, Sheppes, G, Staudinger, UM. Distract or reappraise? Age-related differences in emotion-regulation choice. Emotion, 2015;15:677–681.10.1037/a0039246CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sadavoy, J. An integrated model for defining the scope of psychogeriatrics: the five Cs. International Psychogeriatrics, 2009;21:805–812.10.1017/S104161020999010XCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Salo, KI, Scharfen, J, Wilden, I, Schubotz, R, Holling, H. Confining the concept of vascular depression to late-onset depression: A meta-analysis of MRI-defined hyperintensity burden in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019;10.10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01241CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Jeste, DV, Lee, EE. The emerging empirical science of wisdom: Definition, measurement, neurobiology, longevity, and interventions. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2019; 27(3):127–140.10.1097/HRP.0000000000000205CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Weststrate, NM, Glück, J . Hard-earned wisdom: Exploratory processing of difficult life experience is positively associated with wisdom. Developmental Psychology, 2017;53(4):800–814.10.1037/dev0000286CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Glück, J, Weststrate, NM. The wisdom researchers and the elephant: An integrative model of wise behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2022;26(4):342–374.10.1177/10888683221094650CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Laidlaw, K. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Older People: An Introduction. London: SAGE Publications; 2015.10.4135/9781473910799CrossRef Google Scholar

Lubian, K, Weich, S, Stansfeld, S, Bebbington, P, Brugha, T, Spiers, N, McManus, S, Cooper, C. Chapter 3: Mental health treatment and services. In: McManus, S, Bebbington, P, Jenkins, R, Brugha, T (eds.), Mental Health and Wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital; 2016.Google Scholar

Laidlaw, K, Kishita, N. Age appropriate augmented CBT for enhancing treatment outcome with older people. Geropsych: The Journals of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. 2015;28:57–66.CrossRef Google Scholar

Bilbrey, AC, Laidlaw, K, Cassidy-Eagle, E, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Cognitive behavioral therapy for late life depression: Evidence, issues, and recommendations. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 2022;29(1):128–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.02.003.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kadri, A, Leddy, A, Gracey, F, Laidlaw, K. (2022). Wisdom enhancement and lifeskills to augment CBT outcomes for depression in later life: A series of N-of-1 trials. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2022;50:508–527.10.1017/S1352465822000224CrossRef Google Scholar

Williams, JMG, Barnhopfer, T, Crane, C, Hedrmans, D, Raes, F, Watkins, E, Dalgleish, T. Autobiographical memory specificity and emotional disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 2007;133:122–144, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.122.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Wisco, BE, Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2010). Valence of autobiographical memories: the role of mood, cognitive reappraisal, and suppression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(4):335–340. doi.10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.009.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Edward, R. Watkins, ER. Depressive rumination: Investigating mechanisms to improve cognitive behavioural treatments. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2009;38:S1:8–14.Google Scholar

Watkins, E. Rumination-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression . New York: Guilford; 2016.Google Scholar

Barnard, LK, Curry, JF. Self-compassion: Conceptualizations, correlates, and interventions. Review of General Psychology, 2011;15(4): 289–303.10.1037/a0025754CrossRef Google Scholar

Phillips, WJ, Ferguson, SJ (2012). Self-compassion: A resource for positive aging. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 2012. doi.10.1093/geronb/gbs091.Google Scholar

Baltes, PB, Baltes, MM. Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In Baltes, PB, Baltes, MM (eds.), Successful Aging: Perspectives from the Behavioral Sciences. pp. 1–34. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1990.10.1017/CBO9780511665684CrossRef Google Scholar

Laidlaw, K. Self-acceptance and aging: Using self-acceptance as a mediator of change in CBT with depressed and anxious older people. In Bernard ME (ed.), The Strength of Self-Acceptance. Melbourne: Springer Publications; 2013.Google Scholar

Neff, KD, Vonk, R. Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 2009;77(1):23–50.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

American Psychological Association (2024). Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Older Adults. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/older-adults.pdf.Google Scholar

Boerema, A.M., Kleiboer, A., Beekman, A.T., van Zoonen, K., Dijkshoorn, H., Cuijpers, P. (2016). Determinants of help-seeking behavior in depression: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 23, 16:78. doi: 10.1186/s12888-016-0790-0.CrossRef Google Scholar

References

Akkerman, RL, Ostwald, SK. Reducing anxiety in Alzheimer’s disease family caregivers: The effectiveness of a nine-week cognitive-behavioral intervention. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 2004;19(2):117–123.10.1177/153331750401900202CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Alzheimer’s Association. 2022 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 2022;18(4):700–789. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12638.CrossRef Google Scholar

Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2022: Life after diagnosis: Navigating treatment, care and support, 2022. www.alzint.org/resource/world-alzheimer-report-2022/.Google Scholar

Aranda, MP, Kremer, IN, Hinton, L, Zissimopoulos, J, Whitmer, RA, Hummel, CH et al. Impact of dementia: Health disparities, population trends, care interventions, and economic costs. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021;69(7):1774–1783. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17345.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Arango-Lasprilla, JC, Panyavin, I, Merchán, EJ, Perrin, PB, Arroyo-Anlló, EM, Snipes, DJ, Arabia, J. Evaluation of a group cognitive-behavioral dementia caregiver intervention in Latin America. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 2014;29(6):548–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317514523668.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Au, A, Lai, MK, Lau, KM, Pan, PC, Lam, L, Thompson, L, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Social support and well-being in dementia family caregivers: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Aging & Mental Health, 2009;13(5):761–768. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860902918223.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bandura, A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall; 1986a.Google Scholar

Bandura, A. The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1986b;4(3):359–373. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.359.CrossRef Google Scholar

Beck, AT (Ed.). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979.Google Scholar

Belle, SH. Enhancing the quality of life of dementia caregivers from different ethnic or racial groups: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2006; 145(10):727. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-10-200611210-00005 CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bilbrey, AC, Cassidy-Eagle, E, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Working with depressed caregivers: Behavioral activation. In Dunn, LB, Cassidy-Eagle, E (Eds.), Practical Strategies in Geriatric Mental Health: Cases and Approaches (pp. 31–41). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press; 2020.Google Scholar

Brodaty, H, Green, A, Koschera, A. Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2003;51:657–664. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0579.2003.00210.x CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Brodaty, H, Donkin, M. Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2022;11(2):217–228. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.2/hbrodaty.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cheng, ST, Chow, PK, Song, YQ, Edwin, CS, Chan, AC, Lee, TM, Lam, JH. Mental and physical activities delay cognitive decline in older persons with dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2014;22(1):63–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.060.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cheng, ST, Au, A, Losada, A, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Psychological interventions for dementia caregivers: What we have achieved, what we have learned. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2019;21:1–12.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cheng, S-T, Li, K-K, Losada, A, Zhang, F, Au, A, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson, D. The effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions for informal dementia caregivers: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 2020;35(1):55–77. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000401.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cheng, ST, Zhang, F. A comprehensive meta-review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on nonpharmacological interventions for informal dementia caregivers. BMC Geriatrics, 2020;20(1):1–24.10.1186/s12877-020-01547-2CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

del-Pino-Casado, R, Priego-Cubero, E, López-Martínez, C, Orgeta, V. Subjective caregiver burden and anxiety in informal caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 2021;16(3), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247143.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Dilworth-Anderson, P, Moon, H, Aranda, MP. Dementia caregiving research: Expanding and reframing the lens of diversity, inclusivity, and intersectionality. The Gerontologist, 2020;60(5):797–805. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa050.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gallagher-Thompson, D, Bilbrey, AC, Qualls, SH, Ghatak, R, Trivedi, RB, Waelde, LC. Distressed Family Caregivers. Newburyport: Hogrefe, 2023.Google Scholar

Gallagher-Thompson, D, Coon, DW, Solano, N, Ambler, C, Rabinowitz, Y, Thompso, L. W. Change in indices of distress among Latino and Anglo female caregivers of elderly relatives with dementia: Site-specific results from the REACH National Collaborative Study. The Gerontologist, 2003;43(4):580–591. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.4.580.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gallagher-Thompson, D, Gray, HL, Dupart, T, Jimenez, D, Thompson, LW. Effectiveness of cognitive/behavioral small group intervention for reduction of depression and stress in Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic/Latino women dementia family caregivers: Outcomes and mediators of change. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2008;26(4), 286–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-008-0087-4.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gallagher, D, Rose, J, Rivera, P, Lovett, S, Thompson, LW. Prevalence of depression in family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 1989;29(4):449–456. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/29.4.449.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gallagher-Thompson, D, Steffen, AM. Comparative effects of cognitive-behavioral and brief psychodynamic psychotherapies for depressed family caregivers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1994;62(3):543–549. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.62.3.543.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gallagher-Thompson, D, Bilbrey, AC, Apesoa-Varano, EC, Ghatak, R, Kim, KK, Cothran, F. Conceptual framework to guide intervention research across the trajectory of dementia caregiving. The Gerontologist, 2020;60(Supplement_1):S29–S40. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz157.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Garand, L, Rinaldo, DE, Alberth, MM, Delany, J, Beasock, SL, Lopez, OL et al. Effects of problem solving therapy on mental health outcomes in family caregivers of persons with a new diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or early dementia: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2014;22(8):771–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.07.007.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gonyea, JG, López, LM, Velásquez, EH. The effectiveness of a culturally sensitive cognitive behavioral group intervention for Latino Alzheimer’s caregivers. Gerontologist, 2016;56(2):292–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu045.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hepburn, K, Lewis, M, Tornatore, J, Sherman, CW, Bremer, KL. The Savvy Caregiver program: The demonstrated effectiveness of a transportable dementia caregiver psychoeducation program. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 2007;33(3):30–36. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20070301-06.Google Scholar PubMed

Hopkinson, MD, Reavell, J, Lane, DA, Mallikarjun, P. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 2019;59(4):e343–e362. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx217.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Huang, SS. Depression among caregivers of patients with dementia: Associative factors and management approaches. World Journal of Psychiatry, 2022;12(1):59–76. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.59.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

International Alliance of Carer Organizations. Global State of Caring. International Alliance of Carer Organizations. 2021. https://internationalcarers.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IACO-Global-State-of-Caring-July-13.pdf.Google Scholar

Kajiyama, B, Fernandez, G, Carter, EA, Humber, MB, Thompson, LW. Helping Hispanic dementia caregivers cope with stress using technology-based resources. Clinical Gerontologist, 2018;41(3):209–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2017.1377797.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kajiyama, B, Thompson, LW, Eto-Iwase, T, Yamashita, M, Mario, J di, Tzuang, YM, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Exploring the effectiveness of an internet-based program for reducing caregiver distress using the iCare Stress Management e-Training Program. Aging and Mental Health, 2013;17(5):544–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.775641.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Knight, BG, Sayegh, P. Cultural values and caregiving: The updated sociocultural stress and coping model. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2010;65B(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp096.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Larson, EB, Stroud, C. Meeting the challenge of caring for persons living with dementia and their care partners and caregivers: A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. JAMA, 2021;325(18):1831–1832. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.4928.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lazarus, RS, Folkman, S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer; 1984.Google Scholar

Lewinsohn, PM, Clarke, GN, Hoberman, HM. The Coping With Depression Course: Review and future directions. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 1989;21(4):470–493. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0079846.CrossRef Google Scholar

Liu, Z, Heffernan, C, Tan, J. Caregiver burden: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2020;7(4), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.07.012.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Livingston, G, Barber, J, Rapaport, P, Knapp, M, Griffin, M, King, D et al. Clinical effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme (START, STrAtegies for RelaTives) in promoting the mental health of carers of family members with dementia: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2013;347. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6276.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Livingston, PM, Osborne, RH, Botti, M, Mihalopoulos, C, McGuigan, S, Heckel, L et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an outcall program to reduce carer burden and depression among carers of cancer patients [PROTECT]: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Services Research, 2014;14(1):1–8.10.1186/1472-6963-14-5CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lorig, KR, Ritter, PL, Laurent, DD, Yank, V. Building better caregivers: A pragmatic 12-month trial of a community-based workshop for caregivers of cognitively impaired adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 2019;38(9):1228–1252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464817741682.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Losada, A, Márquez-González, M, Romero-Moreno, R, Mausbach, BT, López, J, Fernández-Fernández, V et al. Cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2015;83(4):760–772. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000028.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Losada, A, Márquez-González, M, Romero-Moreno, R. Mechanisms of action of a psychological intervention for dementia caregivers: Effects of behavioral activation and modification of dysfunctional thoughts. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011;26:1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2648.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Márquez-González, M, Losada, A, Izal, M, Pérez-Rojo, G, Montorio, I. Modification of dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving in dementia family caregivers: Description and outcomes of an intervention programme. Aging & Mental Health, 2007;11:616–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607860701368455.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Mehta, R. Who do you care for and who cares for you? Atlas of Caregiving. 2018. https://atlasofcaregiving.com/caremap/.Google Scholar

Meichsner, F, Töpfer, NF, Reder, M, Soellner, R, Wilz, G. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral intervention improves dementia caregivers’ quality of life. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 2019;34(4):236–246. https://dio.org/10.1177/1533317518822100.10.1177/1533317518822100CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Montoro-Rodriguez, J, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Stress and coping: Conceptual models for understanding dementia among Latinos. In Adames, HY, Tazean, YN (eds.), Caring for Latinxs with Dementia in a Globalized World: Behavioral and Psychosocial Treatments (pp. 231–246). New York: Springer; 2020.10.1007/978-1-0716-0132-7_13CrossRef Google Scholar

Montoro-Rodriguez, J, Hayslip, B, Ramsey, J, Jooste, JL. The utility of solution-oriented strategies to support grandparents raising grandchildren. Journal of Aging and Health, 2021;33(9):647–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211004817.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Montoro-Rodriguez, J, Ramsey, J, Bilbrey, AC, Kajiyama, B, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson D. Caregiver Thrive, Learn, & Connect: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Psychoeducational Program for Family Caregivers. Clin Gerontol. 2024;47(1):39–49.10.1080/07317115.2023.2232352CrossRef Google Scholar

Muller, C, Aguiar, JC. What is the digital divide? 2022, March 3. www.internetsociety.org/blog/2022/03/what-is-the-digital-divide.Google Scholar

Ng, R, Indran, N. Societal perceptions of caregivers linked to culture across 20 countries: Evidence from a 10-billion-word database. PLoS One, 2021;16(7), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251161.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Oliveira, MC, Lima, EM, de Paiva, MLN, Valente, KDR. Factors associated with caregiver burden of adults with epilepsy in a middle-income country. Seizure, 2022;98:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2022.03.015.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ostwald, SK, Hepburn, KW, Burns, T. Training family caregivers of patients with dementia: A structured workshop approach. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 2003;29(1):37–44. https://doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20030101-11.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Pearlin, LI, Mullan, JT, Semple, SJ, Skaff, MM. Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 1990;30(5):583–594. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.583.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Pinquart, M, Sörensen, S. Spouses, adult children, and children-in-law as caregivers of older adults: A meta-analytic comparison. Psychology and Aging, 2011;26(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021863.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Pinquart, M, Sörensen, S. Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. The Gerontologist, 2005;45(1):90–106. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/45.1.90.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Rodriguez-Sanchez, E, Patino-Alonso, MC, Mora-Simón, S, Gómez-Marcos, MA, Pérez-Peñaranda, A, Losada-Baltar, A, García-Ortiz, L. Effects of a psychological intervention in a primary health care center for caregivers of dependent relatives: a randomized trial. The Gerontologist, 2013;53(3):397–406. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns086.CrossRef Google Scholar

Romero-Moreno, R, Márquez-González, M, Mausbach, BT, Losada, A. Variables modulating depression in dementia caregivers: A longitudinal study. International Psychogeriatrics, 2012;24(8):1316–1324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610211002237.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Sallim, AB, Sayampanathan, AA, Cuttilan, A, Ho, RCM. Prevalence of mental health disorders among caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2015;16(12):1034–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.007.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Schulz, R, Beach, SR, Czaja, SJ, Martire, LM, Monin, JK. Family caregiving for older adults. Annual Review of Psychology, 2020;71:635–659. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050754.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Schulz, R, Eden, J., National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Family caregiving roles and impacts. In Families Caring for an Aging America. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US); 2016.10.17226/23606CrossRef Google Scholar

Steffen, AM, Gallagher-Thompson, D, Thompson, LW. Theoretical support and practical strategies for CBT with depressed older adults. In Pachana, NA, Molinari, V, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson, D (Eds.), Psychological Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults (pp. 43–68). Newburyport: Hogrefe; 2021.Google Scholar

Steffen, AM, Thompson, LW, Gallagher-Thompson, D. Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach, Clinician Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2021.Google Scholar

Sun, Y, Ji, M, Leng, M, Li, X, Zhang, X, Wang, Z. Comparative efficacy of 11 non-pharmacological interventions on depression, anxiety, quality of life, and caregiver burden for informal caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2022;104204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104204.CrossRef Google Scholar

Verreault, P, Turcotte, V, Ouellet, MC, Robichaud, LA, Hudon, C. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy interventions on reducing burden for caregivers of older adults with a neurocognitive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 2021;50(1):19–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2020.1819867.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Wang, H, Li, T, Barbarino, P, Gauthier, S, Brodaty, H, Molinuevo, JL, Yu, X. Dementia care during COVID-19. The Lancet, 2020;395(10231):1190–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30755-8.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Wang, J, Li, X, Liu, W, Yang, B, Zhao, Q, Lü, Y, Xiao, M. The positive aspects of caregiving in dementia: A scoping review and bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 2022;10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.985391.Google Scholar PubMed

World Health Organization. Dementia. (2022, September 20). www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia.Google Scholar

Yeo, G, Gerdner, LA, Gallagher-Thompson, D. (Eds.) Ethnicity and the Dementias. New York: Routledge; 2019.Google Scholar

Zhang, H, Xiong, RH, Hujiken, S, Zhang, JJ, Zhang, XQ. Psychological distress, family functioning, and social support in family caregivers for patients with dementia in the mainland of China. Chinese Medical Journal, 2013;126(18):3417–3421.10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20131254CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Zimmerman, S, Sloane, PD, Ward, K, Beeber, A, Reed, D, Lathren, C et al. Helping dementia caregivers manage medical problems: Benefits of an educational resource. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 2018;33(3):176–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317517749466.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Global status report on the public health response to dementia. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.Google Scholar

Brodaty, H, Donkin, M. (2009). Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 2009:11(2);217–228. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.2/hbrodaty.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Aranda, MP, Knight, BG. The influence of ethnicity and culture on the caregiver stress and coping process: A sociocultural review and analysis. Gerontologist, 1997;37:342–354.10.1093/geront/37.3.342CrossRef Google Scholar

References

James, AC, Reardon, T, Soler, A, James, G, Creswell, C. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2020 [accessed 26 January 2024]; (11). www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013162.pub2/abstract.CrossRef Google Scholar

Stallard, P. Think good, feel good: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook for Children and Young People. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2002.Google Scholar

NHS. The NHS long term plan [Internet]. 2019. www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/.Google Scholar

Department of Health, Department for Education. Transforming_children_and_ young_people_s_mental_health_provision.pdf [Internet]. Department of Health, Department for Education; [accessed 26 January 2024]. Report No.: CM 9525. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a823518e5274a2e87dc1b56/Transforming_children_and_young_people_s_mental_health_provision.pdf.Google Scholar

Atkinson, J. Trauma-informed services and trauma-specific care for Indigenous Australian children. Aust Inst Health Welf [Internet]. 2013 [accessed 26 January 2024]; https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2013-07/apo-nid35109.pdf.Google Scholar

Cook, A, Blaustein, M, Spinazzola, J, van der Kolk, B. Complex trauma in children and adolescents: White paper from the national child traumatic stress network complex trauma task force. Los Angel Natl Cent Child Trauma Stress. 2003;35(5):390–398.Google Scholar

Cook, A, Spinazzola, J, Ford, J, Lanktree, C, Blaustein, M, Cloitre, M, et al. Complex Trauma in Children and Adolescents. Psychiatr Ann [Internet]. 2005 [accessed 26 February 2024]; https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-05449-004.Google Scholar

Perry, BD. Applying principles of neurodevelopment to clinical work with maltreated and traumatized children: The neurosequential model of therapeutics. In: Webb, NB (Ed.), Working with Traumatized Youth in Child Welfare, 1st ed. (pp. 27–52). New York: Guilford Press; 2005.Google Scholar

Perry, BD. Examining child maltreatment through a neurodevelopmental lens: Clinical applications of the neurosequential model of therapeutics. J Loss Trauma. 2009;14(4):240–255.10.1080/15325020903004350CrossRef Google Scholar

van der Kolk, BA, Pynoos, RS, Cicchetti, D, Cloitre, M, D’Andrea, W, Ford, JD, et al. Proposal to include a developmental trauma disorder diagnosis for children and adolescents in DSM-V. Unpubl Manuscr Verfügbar Unter Httpwww Cathymalchiodi Comdtdnctsn Pdf Zugriff 205 2011 [Internet]. 2009 [accessed 22 February 2024]; https://complextrauma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Complex-Trauma-Resource-3-Joseph-Spinazzola.pdf.Google Scholar

Bellis, MA, Lowey, H, Leckenby, N, Hughes, K, Harrison, D. Adverse Childhood Experiences: Retrospective Study to Determine Their Impact on Adult Health Behaviours and Health Outcomes in a UK Population. 2013 [accessed 26 January 2024]; https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/chapters/edit/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.1201/b18768-16&type=chapterpdf.CrossRef Google Scholar

Vygotsky, LS. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes [Internet]. Harvard University Press; 1978 [accessed 26 February 2024]. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Irq913lEZ1QC&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&ots=HcAsy0Ehrb&sig=ZQVoUNGb7qTXTnyhN99qD0WP4bk.Google Scholar

Piaget, J, Inhelder, B. Psychology of the Child. New York: Basic Books; 1969.Google Scholar

Bowlby, J. Developmental psychiatry comes of age. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145(1):1–10.Google Scholar PubMed

Denton, R, Frogley, C, Jackson, S, John, M, Querstret, D. The assessment of developmental trauma in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;22(2):260–287.10.1177/1359104516631607CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Fuggle, P, Dunsmuir, S, Curry, V. CBT with Children, Young People and Families. London: Sage; 2013.10.4135/9781473914858CrossRef Google Scholar

Kaufman, J, Birmaher, B, Axelson, D, Perepletchikova, F, Brent, D, Ryan, N. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL DSM5) [Internet]. Advanced Center for Intervention and Services Research (ACISR) for Early Onset Mood and Anxiety Disorders Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic; https://pre.pediatricbipolar.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/assets/AH/AK/KSADS_DSM_5_SCREEN_Final.pdf.Google Scholar

Chorpita, BF, Yim, L, Moffitt, C, Umemoto, LA, Francis, SE. Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A revised child anxiety and depression scale. Behav Res Ther. 2000;8(38):835–855.10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00130-8CrossRef Google Scholar

Law, D, Jacob, J. Goals and Goal Based Outcomes (GBOs). London: CAMHS Press; 2013.Google Scholar

Duncan, B, Miller, S, Sparks, J, Claud, D, Reynolds, L. The session rating scale: Preliminary psychometric properties of a ‘working’ alliance measure. J Brief Ther. 2003;3:3–12.Google Scholar

Miller, SD, Duncan, BL. The Outcome Rating Scale. Chicago; Authors: 2000.Google Scholar

Prochaska, JO, DiClemente, CC. Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychother Theory Res Pract. 1982;19(3):276–288.10.1037/h0088437CrossRef Google Scholar

Stallard, P. Thinking Good, Feeling Better: A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Workbook for Adolescents and Young Adults. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2018.10.1002/9781119397298CrossRef Google Scholar

Rapee, R, Creswell, C, Kendall, PC, Pine, DS, Waters, AM. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a summary and overview of the literature. Behav Res Ther [Internet]. 2023 [accessed 26 January 2024]; 168. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5218be78-b857-4c15-b3e8-53e275fa39b7.Google Scholar

Pass, L, Lejuez, CW, Reynolds, S. Brief behavioural activation (Brief BA) for adolescent depression: A pilot study. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2018;46(2):182–194.10.1017/S1352465817000443CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Reynolds, S, Pass, L. Brief Behavioural Activation for Adolescent Depression: A Clinician’s Manual and Session-by-session Guide [Internet]. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2020 [accessed 22 February 2024]. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=0qPsDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Brief+Behavioural+Activation+for+Adolescent+Depression:+A+Clinician%27s+Manual+and+Session-by-Session+Guide&ots=DZtKtXXa5d&sig=yn401uojuW4m5IlWOWhtMyWsIfQ.Google Scholar

Tindall, L, Mikocka‐Walus, A, McMillan, D, Wright, B, Hewitt, C, Gascoyne, S. Is behavioural activation effective in the treatment of depression in young people? A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2017;90(4):770–796.10.1111/papt.12121CrossRef Google Scholar

Oud, M, De Winter, L, Vermeulen-Smit, E, Bodden, D, Nauta, M, Stone, L, et al. Effectiveness of CBT for children and adolescents with depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;57:33–45.10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.008CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Verduyn, C, Rogers, J, Wood, A. Depression. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2009.10.4324/9780203879894CrossRef Google Scholar

NHS. nhs.uk. 2023 [accessed 22 February 2024]. Anxiety disorders in children. www.nhs.uk/mental-health/children-and-young-adults/advice-for-parents/anxiety-disorders-in-children/.Google Scholar

Chase, RM, Whitton, SW, Pincus, DB. Treatment of adolescent panic disorder: A nonrandomized comparison of intensive versus weekly CBT. Child Fam Behav Ther. 2012;34(4):305–323.10.1080/07317107.2012.732873CrossRef Google Scholar

Pincus, DB, May, JE, Whitton, SW, Mattis, SG, Barlow, DH. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder in adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2010;39(5):638–649.10.1080/15374416.2010.501288CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Schneider, S, Blatter-Meunier, J, Herren, C, In-Albon, T, Adornetto, C, Meyer, A, et al. The efficacy of a family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for separation anxiety disorder in children aged 8–13: A randomized comparison with a general anxiety program. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(5):932–940.10.1037/a0032678CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Giani, L, Caputi, M, Forresi, B, Michelini, G, Scaini, S. Evaluation of cognitive-behavioral therapy efficacy in the treatment of separation anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cogn Ther. 2021;15(1):57–80.10.1007/s41811-021-00129-3CrossRef Google Scholar

Leigh, E, Clark, DM. Cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A development case series. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2016;44(1):1–17.10.1017/S1352465815000715CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Leigh, E, Clark, DM. Cognitive Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents [Internet]. 2018. https://oxcadatresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/CT-SAD-A-MANUAL.pdf.Google Scholar

Waite, P. Protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility study examining the efficacy of brief cognitive therapy for the treatment of panic disorder in adolescents (PANDA). Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2022;8(1):49.10.1186/s40814-022-01009-zCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Waite, P, Clark, DM. Cognitive Therapy for Panic Disorder in Adolescents, (Version 1). [Internet]. Oxcadatresources; 2023. https://oxcadatresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Brief-Cognitive-Therapy-for-Panic-Disorder-in-Adolescents-Clinician-Manual-and-Session-by-Session-Guide-Version-1.0_15-08-23.pdf.Google Scholar

Ollendick, TH, Cowart, M, Milliner, E. Specific phobias. In: Vasa, RA, Roy, AK (Eds.), Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: A Clinical Guide. (pp. 113–128). New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2013.Google Scholar

NHS. nhs.uk. 2023 [accessed 22 February 2024]. Treatment – Phobias. www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/phobias/treatment/.Google Scholar

Davis, TE, Ollendick, TH, Öst, LG. Intensive treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;3(16):294–303.10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.12.008CrossRef Google Scholar

Davis, TE, Ollendick, TH, Öst, LG. Intensive One-Session Treatment of Specific Phobias. New York: Springer; 2012.10.1007/978-1-4614-3253-1CrossRef Google Scholar

Wang, HI, Wright, B, Tindall, L, Cooper, C, Biggs, K, Lee, E, et al. Cost and effectiveness of one session treatment (OST) for children and young people with specific phobias compared to multi-session cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): Results from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022 [accessed 22 February 2024];22(1). https://eprints.keele.ac.uk/id/eprint/11263/.10.1186/s12888-022-04192-8CrossRef Google Scholar

Kendall, PC. Coping Cat Workbook. 2nd ed. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Pub Inc; 2006.Google Scholar

Stallard, P. Anxiety: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Children and Young People [Internet]. Routledge; 2009. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LwnbAAAAMAAJ.Google Scholar

Thirlwall, K, Cooper, PJ, Karalus, J, Voysey, M, Willetts, L, Creswell, C. Treatment of child anxiety disorders via guided parent-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;203(6):436–444.10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126698CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hill, C, Chessell, C, Percy, R, Creswell, C. Online support and intervention (OSI) for child anxiety: A case series within routine clinical practice. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2022;50(4):429–445.10.1017/S1352465822000157CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Creswell, C, Willetts, L. Helping Your Child with Fears and Worries: A Self-Help Guide for Parents. 2nd ed. London: Robinson; 2019.Google Scholar

Halldorsson, B, Elliott, L, Chessell, C, Willetts, L, Creswell, C. Helping your child with fears and worries: a self-help guide for parents treatment manual for therapists [Internet]. the authors; 2019 [accessed 22 February 2024]. https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/87041.Google Scholar

Halldorsson, B, Elliott, L, Chessell, C, Willetts, L, Creswell, C. Helping your child with fears and worries: Guided self-help manual for Therapists working with groups [Internet]. The authors; 2021 [accessed 29 February 2024]. https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/65533/.Google Scholar

Chessell, C, Harvey, K, Halldorsson, B, Farrington, A, Creswell, C. Parents’ experiences of parenting a preadolescent child with OCD: A qualitative study. Emot Behav Difficulties. 2023;28(1):68–85.10.1080/13632752.2023.2215036CrossRef Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment. Clinical Guidance [Internet]. NICE; 2005 Nov. Report No.: CG31. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg31.Google Scholar

Harrison, A, de la Cruz, LF, Enander, J, Radua, J, Mataix-Cols, D. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;48:43–51.10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.007CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Mataix-Cols, D, de la Cruz, LF, Isomura, K, Anson, M, Turner, C, Monzani, B, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54(11):895–904.10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.011CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

James, AC, James, G, Cowdrey, FA, Soler, A, Choke, A. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(2):CD004690.Google Scholar PubMed

Öst, LG, Riise, EN, Wergeland, GJ, Hansen, B, Kvale, G. Cognitive behavioral and pharmacological treatments of OCD in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2016;43:58–69.10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.08.003CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Reid, J, Laws, K, Drummond, LM, Vismara, M, Grancini, B, Mpavaenda, D, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy with exposure and response prevention in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Compr Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [accessed 22 February 2024]; http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/23969.10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152223CrossRef Google Scholar

Uhre, CF, Uhre, VF, Lønfeldt, NN, Pretzmann, L, Vangkilde, S, Plessen, KJ, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020;59(1):64–77.10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.480CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

March, JS, Mulle, K. OCD in children and adolescents: A cognitive-behavioral treatment manual. [Internet]. New York: Guilford Press; 1998 [accessed 22 February 2024]. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-07740-000.Google Scholar

Barrett, PM, Healy‐Farrell, L, Piacentini, J, March, J. Obsessive‐compulsive disorder in childhood and adolescence: Description and treatment. In: Barrett, P, Ollendick, T (Eds.), Handbook of Interventions That Work with Children and Adolescents: Prevention and Treatment. (pp. 187–216). Chichester: Wiley Online Library; 2004.10.1002/9780470753385CrossRef Google Scholar

Barrett, P, Farrell, L, Dadds, M, Boulter, N. Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder: Long-term follow-up and predictors of outcome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;10(44):1005–1014.10.1097/01.chi.0000172555.26349.94CrossRef Google Scholar

Williams, TI, Salkovskis, PM, Forrester, L, Turner, S, White, H, Allsopp, MA. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2010;19(5):449–456.10.1007/s00787-009-0077-9CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Turner, C, Volz, C, Krebs, G. OCD-Tools to Help You Fight Back!: A CBT Workbook for Young People [Internet]. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2019 [accessed 22 February 2024]. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zg5UDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=OCD+-+Tools+to+Help+You+Fight+Back!:+A+CBT+Workbook+for+Young+People&ots=UxpDVCqS86&sig=YxGVgVqUqduIAOGpRrOQueL7WyQ.10.5040/9781805014348CrossRef Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Post-traumatic stress disorder [Internet]. 2018, p. 54. Report No.: NG116. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116/resources/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-pdf-66141601777861.Google Scholar

Xian-Yu, CY, Deng, NJ, Zhang, J, Li, HY, Gao, TY, Zhang, C, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2022;308:502–511.10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.111CrossRef Google Scholar

Mavranezouli, I, Megnin-Viggars, O, Daly, C, Dias, S, Stockton, S, Meiser-Stedman, R, et al. Psychological and psychosocial treatments for children and young people with post-traumatic stress disorder: A network meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020;61(1):18–29.10.1111/jcpp.13094CrossRef Google Scholar

, Haan A de, Meiser-Stedman, R, Landolt, MA, Kuhn, I, Black, MJ, Klaus, K, et al. Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus in children and adolescents: An individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2024;8(1):28–39.10.1016/S2352-4642(23)00253-5CrossRef Google Scholar

Meiser‐Stedman, R, Smith, P, McKinnon, A, Dixon, C, Trickey, D, Ehlers, A, et al. Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A randomized controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(5):623–633.10.1111/jcpp.12673CrossRef Google Scholar

Shearer, J, Papanikolaou, N, Meiser‐Stedman, R, McKinnon, A, Dalgleish, T, Smith, P, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of cognitive therapy as an early intervention for post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A trial based evaluation and model. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018;59(7):773–780.10.1111/jcpp.12851CrossRef Google Scholar

Smith, P, Perrin, S, Yule, W, Clark, DM. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive Therapy with Children and Young People. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2009.Google Scholar

Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, Deblinger, E. Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents [Internet]. New York: Guilford Publications; 2017 [accessed 29 February 2024]. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hf6PDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&ots=aUbjE2UCyM&sig=LJgfQ8b5gm4qqeTA-wka1rzvR6Y.Google Scholar

Bennett, S, Shafran, R, Coughtrey, A, Walker, S, Heyman, I. Psychological interventions for mental health disorders in children with chronic physical illness: A systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2015;100(4):308–316.10.1136/archdischild-2014-307474CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lonergan, A. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy for pain in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Ir J Psychol Med. 2016;33(4):251–264.10.1017/ipm.2015.59CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Thulin, U, Svirsky, L, Serlachius, E, Andersson, G, Öst, LG. The effect of parent involvement in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children: A meta-analysis. Cogn Behav Ther. 2014;43(3):185–200.10.1080/16506073.2014.923928CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Turnbull, M, Kirk, H, Lincoln, M, Peacock, S, Howey, L. A pilot evaluation of the role of a children’s wellbeing practitioner (CWP) in a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023;28(3):1150–1159.10.1177/13591045231157621CrossRef Google Scholar

Bevan Jones, R, Hussain, F, Agha, SS, Weavers, B, Lucassen, M, Merry, S, et al. Digital technologies to support adolescents with depression and anxiety. BJPsych Adv [Internet]. 2022 [accessed 26 January 2024]; https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/263327/.Google Scholar

Aisbitt, GM, Nolte, T, Fonagy, P. Editorial perspective: The digital divide–inequalities in remote therapy for children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2023;28(1):105–107.10.1111/camh.12545CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Guided self-help digital cognitive behavioural therapy for children and young people with mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety or low mood: early value assessment [Internet]. NICE; 2023 [accessed 22 February 2024]. Report No.: HTE3. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/hte3.Google Scholar

Wechsler, D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. 5th ed. Bloomington, MN: Pearson; 2014.Google Scholar

McLachlan, NH, Eastwood, L, Friedberg, RD. Socratic questions with children: Recommendations and cautionary tales. J Cogn Psychother. 2016;30(2):105–119.10.1891/0889-8391.30.2.105CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lieberman, AF, Horn, PV. Psychotherapy with Infants and Young Children: Repairing the Effects of Stress and Trauma on Early Attachment. 1st ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2011.Google Scholar

Ryan, R, Berry, K, Hartley, S. Review: Therapist factors and their impact on therapeutic alliance and outcomes in child and adolescent mental health – a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2023;28(2):195–211.10.1111/camh.12518CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Knell, SM, Dasari, M. Cognitive-behavioral play therapy for anxiety and depression. In: Empirically Based Play Interventions for Children, 2nd ed. (pp. 77–94). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2016.Google Scholar

Jassi, A. Challenge Your OCD! A CBT Workbook for Young People with ASD. Illustrated ed. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2020.Google Scholar

Cooper, K, Loades, ME, Russell, AJ. Adapting psychological therapies for autism-therapist experience, skills and confidence. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2018;45:43–50.10.1016/j.rasd.2017.11.002CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clark, DM. A cognitive model of panic attacks. In: Rachman, S, Maser, JD (eds.), Panic: Psychological Perspectives (pp. 71–89). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 1988.Google Scholar

Robichaud, M. Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: From Science to Practice. New York: Routledge; 2019.10.4324/9781315709741CrossRef Google Scholar

Clark, DM, Wells, A. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: Heimberg, RG Liebowitz, MR, Hope, DA, Schneier, FR (eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Publications; 1995.Google Scholar

Beck, JS, Beck, AT. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond. 3rd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2020.Google Scholar

Ehlers, A, Clark, DM. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38(4):319–45.10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00123-0CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Wilhelm, S, Phillips, KA, Steketee, G. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Treatment Manual. New York: Guilford Press; 2013.Google Scholar

Warwick, HM, Salkovskis, PM. Hypochondriasis. Behav Res Ther. 1990;28(2):105–117.10.1016/0005-7967(90)90023-CCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kirk, J, Rouf, K. Specific phobias. In: Bennett-Levy, J, Butler, G, Fennell, M, Hackmann, A, Mueller, M, Westbrook, D (eds.), Oxford Guide to Behavioural Experiments in Cognitive Therapy (pp. 161–182). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.10.1093/med:psych/9780198529163.003.0008CrossRef Google Scholar

Salkovskis, PM, Warwick, H, Deale, AC. Cognitive-behavioral treatment for severe and persistent health anxiety (hypochondriasis). Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention. 2003;3(3):353–367.10.1093/brief-treatment/mhg026CrossRef Google Scholar

March, JS, Mulle, K. OCD in Children and Adolescents: A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Manual. New York: Guilford Press; 1998.Google Scholar

Haig-Ferguson, A, Cooper, K, Cartwright, E, Loades, ME, Daniels, J. Practitioner review: Health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behav Cogn Psychother, 2021;49(2):129–143.10.1017/S1352465820000636CrossRef Google Scholar

Wells, A. Hypochondriasis: Health anxiety. In: Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: A Practice Manual and Conceptual Guide (pp. 79–96). 1st ed. Somerset: Wiley; 2013.Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.Google Scholar

World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). World Health Organization; 2019.Google Scholar

Kilpatrick, DG, Resnick, HS, Milanak, ME, Miller, MW, Keyes, KM, Friedman, MJ. National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 criteria. J Trauma Stress. 2013;26(5):537–547.10.1002/jts.21848CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kessler, RC, Sonnega, A, Bromet, E, Hughes, M, Nelson, CB. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995;52(12):1048–1060.10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Post-traumatic stress disorder [Internet]. 2018 Dec p. 54. Report No.: NG116. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng116/resources/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-pdf-66141601777861.Google Scholar

Young, BH. The immediate response to disaster: Guidelines for adult psychological first aid. In: Ritchie, EC, Watson, PJ, Friedman, MJ (Eds.), Interventions Following Mass Violence and Disasters: Strategies for Mental Health Practice (pp. 134–154) [Internet]. New York: Guilford Publications; 2006.Google Scholar

Brooks, SK, Rubin, GJ, Greenberg, N. Traumatic stress within disaster-exposed occupations: Overview of the literature and suggestions for the management of traumatic stress in the workplace. Br Med Bull. 2019;129(1):25–34.10.1093/bmb/ldy040CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Greenberg, N, Langston, V, Everitt, B, Iversen, A, Fear, NT, Jones, N, et al. A cluster randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) in a military population. J Trauma Stress. 2010;23(4):430–436.10.1002/jts.20538CrossRef Google Scholar

Brewin, CR, Scragg, P, Robertson, M, Thompson, M, d’Ardenne, P, Ehlers, A. Promoting mental health following the London bombings: A screen and treat approach. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(1):3–8.10.1002/jts.20310CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bryant, RA, Harvey, AG, Dang, ST, Sackville, T, Basten, C. Treatment of acute stress disorder: A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66:862–866.10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.862CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Bryant, RA, Moulds, ML, Nixon, RV. Cognitive behaviour therapy of acute stress disorder: A four-year follow-up. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(4):489–494.10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00179-1CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Monfils, MH, Holmes, EA. Memory boundaries: Opening a window inspired by reconsolidation to treat anxiety, trauma-related, and addiction disorders. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(12):1032–1042.10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30270-0CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Iyadurai, L, Blackwell, SE, Meiser-Stedman, R, Watson, PC, Bonsall, MB, Geddes, JR, et al. Preventing intrusive memories after trauma via a brief intervention involving Tetris computer game play in the emergency department: A proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(3):674–682.10.1038/mp.2017.23CrossRef Google Scholar

Guay, S, Billette, V, Marchand, A. Exploring the links between posttraumatic stress disorder and social support: Processes and potential research avenues. J Trauma Stress Off Publ Int Soc Trauma Stress Stud. 2006;19(3):327–338.10.1002/jts.20124CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

References

Hewlett, E, Moran, V. Making Mental Health Count [Internet]. Paris: OECD Publishing; (OECD Health Policy Studies). www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/publication/9789264208445-en.Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: recognition and management [Internet]. NICE; 2009 Oct. Report No.: CG90. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90.Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management [Internet]. 2020, p. 47. Report No.: CG113. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113/resources/generalised-anxiety-disorder-and-panic-disorder-in-adults-management-pdf-35109387756997.Google Scholar

McHugh, RK, Whitton, SW, Peckham, AD, Welge, JA, Otto, MW. Patient preference for psychological vs pharmacologic treatment of psychiatric disorders: A meta-analytic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013;74(6):13979.10.4088/JCP.12r07757CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Layard, R. Mental Health: Britain’s Biggest Social Problem? London: Centre for Economic Performance; 2005.Google Scholar

Kroenke, K, Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–613.10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Spitzer, RL, Kroenke, K, Williams, JB, Löwe, B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092–1097.10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clark, DM, Layard, R, Smithies, R, Richards, DA, Suckling, R, Wright, B. Improving access to psychological therapy: Initial evaluation of two UK demonstration sites. Behav Res Ther. 2009;47(11):910–920.10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.010CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Social anxiety disorder: Recognition, assessment and treatment [Internet]. 2013, p. 39. Report No.: CG159. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg159/resources/social-anxiety-disorder-recognition-assessment-and-treatment-pdf-35109639699397.Google Scholar

Clark, DM. Realizing the mass public benefit of evidence-based psychological therapies: The IAPT program. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;14(1):159–183.10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084833CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

NHS England Digital [Internet]. [accessed 11 January 2025]. NHS Talking Therapies, for anxiety and depression, Annual reports, 2023–24. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/nhs-talking-therapies-for-anxiety-and-depression-annual-reports/2023-24.Google Scholar

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. The NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression manual. Mental Health Policy Team, Operations and Information Directorate; 2024. 151 p.Google Scholar

NHS Digital IAPT Team. Psychological Therapies, Annual report on the use of IAPT services 2019–20 [Internet]. 2020 Jul. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/psychological-therapies-annual-reports-on-the-use-of-iapt-services/annual-report-2019-20.Google Scholar

Clark, DM, Canvin, L, Green, J, Layard, R, Pilling, S, Janecka, M. Transparency about the outcomes of mental health services (IAPT approach): An analysis of public data. The Lancet. 2018;391(10121):679–686.10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32133-5CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clarke, K, Furmaniak, K, Pilling, S. IAPT-LTC Early Implementers Programme: Report on the implementation and process evaluation of Wave 1 early implementer sites [Internet]. University College London; 2018. www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/sites/pals/files/iapt-ltc-early-implementers-programme-report.pdf.Google Scholar

Ludlow, C, Hurn, R, Lansdell, S. A current review of the children and young people’s improving access to psychological therapies (CYP IAPT) program: Perspectives on developing an accessible workforce. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2020;11:21–28.Google Scholar

Wolpert, M, Jacob, J, Napoleone, E, Whale, A, Calderon, A, Edbrooke-Childs, J. Child- and Parent-reported Outcomes and Experience from Child and Young People’s Mental Health Services 2011–2015 [Internet]. London: CAMHS Press; 2016. www.corc.uk.net/media/1544/0505207_corc-report_for-web.pdf.Google Scholar

Baigent, M, Smith, D, Battersby, M, Lawn, S, Redpath, P, McCoy, A. The Australian version of IAPT: Clinical outcomes of the multi-site cohort study of NewAccess. J Ment Health. 2020;32(1):341–350.10.1080/09638237.2020.1760224CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Knapstad, M, Lervik, LV, Sæther, SMM, Aarø, LE, Smith, ORF. Effectiveness of prompt mental health care, the Norwegian version of improving access to psychological therapies: A randomized controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89(2):90–105.10.1159/000504453CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

References

Slavson, SR. An Introduction to Group Therapy. New York: International Universities Press; 1943.10.1037/10637-000CrossRef Google Scholar

Yalom, ID. The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. 4th ed. [Internet]. New York: Basic Books; 1995. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KXhHAAAAMAAJ.Google Scholar

Shaw, BF, Hollon, SD. Group cognitive therapy for depressed patients. In: Beck, AT, Rush, J, Emery, G (Eds.), Cognitive Therapy of Depression (pp. 328–353). New York: Guilford Press; 1979.Google Scholar

Burlingame, GM, Strauss, B, Joyce, A. Change mechanisms and effectiveness of small group treatments. Bergin Garfield’s Handb Psychother Behav Change. 2013;6:640–689.Google Scholar

White, J. Stress control manual. South East Glasgow NHS Trust; 2005.Google Scholar

Morrison, N. Group cognitive therapy: Treatment of choice or sub-optimal option? Behav Cogn Psychother. 2001;29(3):311–332.10.1017/S1352465801003058CrossRef Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: recognition and management [Internet]. NICE; 2009. Report No.: CG90. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg90.Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment. Clinical Guidance [Internet]. NICE; 2005. Report No.: CG31. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg31.Google Scholar

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assessment and treatment [Internet]. 2013, p. 39. Report No.: CG159. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg159/resources/social-anxiety-disorder-recognition-assessment-and-treatment-pdf-35109639699397.Google Scholar

Tucker, M, Oei, TPS. Is group more cost effective than individual cognitive behaviour therapy? The evidence is not solid yet. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2007;35(1):77–91.10.1017/S1352465806003134CrossRef Google Scholar

Lewinsohn, PM, Clarke, GN. Psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression. Clin Psychol Rev. 1999;19:329–342.10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00055-5CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Toseland, RW, Siporin, M. When to recommend group treatment: A review of the clinical and the research literature. Int J Group Psychother. 1986;36(2):171–201.10.1080/00207284.1986.11491446CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Vinogradov, S, Yalom, ID. Group Therapy. In, RE Hales, SC Yudofsky, JA Talbott (Eds.), American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychiatry [Internet] (pp. 1143–1175). American Psychiatric Press; 1994. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WZaLzQEACAAJ.Google Scholar

Brown, JSL, Boardman, J, Elliott, SA, Howay, E, Morrison, J. Are self-referrers just the worried well? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr. 2005;40(5):396–401.Google Scholar PubMed

Whitfield, G. Group cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2010;16(3):219–227.10.1192/apt.bp.108.005744CrossRef Google Scholar

Heimberg, RG, Salzman, DG, Holt, CS, Blendell, KA. Cognitive-behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Effectiveness at five-year follow up. Cogn Ther Res. 1993;17(4):325–339.10.1007/BF01177658CrossRef Google Scholar

Stangier, U, Heidenreich, T, Peitz, M, Lauterbach, W, Clark, D. Cognitive therapy for social phobia: Individual versus group treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41(9):991–1007.10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00176-6CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Benne, KD, Sheats, P. Functional roles of group members. J Soc Issues. 1948;4:41–49.10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01783.xCrossRef Google Scholar

Bieling, PJ, McCabe, RE, Antony, MM. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Groups [Internet]. New York: Guilford Publications; 2006. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pCdtAAAAMAAJ.Google Scholar

Tuckman, BW. Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychol Bull. 1965;63:384–399.10.1037/h0022100CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tuckman, BW, Jensen, MAC. Stages of small-group development revisited. Group Organ Stud. 1977;2(4):419–427.10.1177/105960117700200404CrossRef Google Scholar

Lewinsohn, PM, Clarke, GN, Hoberman, HM. The coping with depression course: Review and future directions. CAN J BEHAV SCI/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. 1989;21(4):470–493.Google Scholar

Clark, DM. Realizing the mass public benefit of evidence-based psychological therapies: The IAPT Program. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2018;14(1):159–183.10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084833CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cain, S. Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking. London: Penguin; 2012.Google Scholar

References

Stack, S, Eshleman, JR. Marital status and happiness: A 17-nation study. J Marriage Fam. 1998;60(2):527–536.10.2307/353867CrossRef Google Scholar

Whisman, MA. The Association Between Depression and Marital Dissatisfaction. In Beach, SRH (Ed.), Marital and Family Processes in Depression: A Scientific Foundation for Clinical Practice. Washington, DS: American Psychological Association; 2001.Google Scholar

Addis, ME, Jacobson, NS. Reasons for depression and the process and outcome of cognitive–behavioral psychotherapies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1996;64(6):1417–1424.10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1417CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Jacobson, NS, Margolin, G. Marital Therapy: Strategies Based on Social Learning and Behavior Exchange Principles [Internet]. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1979. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DrlkEazTHQYC.Google Scholar

Baucom, DH, Epstein, N. Cognitive-Behavioral Marital Therapy. Levittown: Brunner/Mazel; 1990.Google Scholar PubMed

Jacobson, NS, Christensen, A, Prince, SE, Cordova, J, Eldridge, K. Integrative behavioral couple therapy: An acceptance-based, promising new treatment for couple discord. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:351–355.10.1037/0022-006X.68.2.351CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Christensen, A, Doss, B, Jacobson, NS. Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy – A Therapist`s Guide to Creating Acceptance and Change, 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; 2020.Google Scholar

Hewison, D, Clulow, C, Drake, H. Couple Therapy for Depression: A Clinician’s Guide To Integrative Practice. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2014.10.1093/med:psych/9780199674145.001.0001CrossRef Google Scholar

Jacobson, NS, Christensen, A. Integrative Couples Therapy – Promoting Acceptance & Change: Promoting Acceptance and Change. New York: W. W. Norton & Company; 1996.Google Scholar

Baucom, DH, Fischer, MS, Worrell, M, Corrie, S, Belus, JM, Molyva, E, et al. Couple-based intervention for depression: An effectiveness study in the National Health Service in England. Fam Process. 2018;57(2):275–292.10.1111/famp.12332CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Christensen, A, Atkins, DC, Berns, S, Wheeler, J, Baucom, DH, Simpson, LE. Traditional versus integrative behavioral couple therapy for significantly and chronically distressed married couples. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72:176–191.10.1037/0022-006X.72.2.176CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Christensen, A, Atkins, DC, Yi, J, Baucom, DH, George, WH. Couple and individual adjustment for 2 years following a randomized clinical trial comparing traditional versus integrative behavioral couple therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006;74:1180–1191.10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1180CrossRef Google Scholar

Christensen, A, Atkins, DC, Baucom, B, Yi, J. Marital status and satisfaction five years following a randomized clinical trial comparing traditional versus integrative behavioral couple therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010;78:225–235.10.1037/a0018132CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Recommendations | Depression in adults: treatment and management | Guidance | NICE [Internet]. NICE; 2022 [accessed 3 June 2023]. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng222/chapter/Recommendations#behavioural-couples-therapy-for-depression.Google Scholar

Padesky, C, Mooney, KA. Presenting the cognitive model to clients. Cogn Ther Newsl Int. 1990;6:13–14.Google Scholar

Grimmer, A. The nine-part model: A tool for sharing dyadic formulations. www.bristolcbt.co.uk/publications/the-nine-part-model-dyadic-formulation/.Google Scholar

McCarthy, BW, Thestrup, M. Couple therapy and the treatment of sexual dysfunction. In: Gurman, AS, Lebow, JL, Snyder, DK (Eds.), Clinical Handbook of Couple Therapy (pp. 591–617). 4th edition. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.Google Scholar

McCarthy, B. Sex Made Simple: Clinical Strategies for Sexual Issues in Therapy. Eau Claire: PESI Publishing & Media; 2015.Google Scholar

Rothman, K, Cicila, LN, McGinn, M, Hatch, SG, Christensen, A, Doss, BD. Trajectories of sexual satisfaction and frequency during and after couple therapy for relationship distress. J Sex Marital Ther. 2021;47(3):209–223.Google Scholar PubMed

Gordon, LH, Satir, VM, Frandsen, J. Passage to Intimacy: A Practical Guide to Repairing and Rekindling Your Most Important Relationship [Internet]. New York: Simon & Schuster; 1993. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7X9okk0LENEC.Google Scholar

Essential Reading

Geller, S. Cultivating online therapeutic presence: Strengthening therapeutic relationships in teletherapy sessions. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 2021;34(3–4):687–703.10.1080/09515070.2020.1787348CrossRef Google Scholar

References

Cromarty, P, Gallagher, D, Watson, J. Remote delivery of CBT training, clinical supervision and services: In times of crisis or business as usual. Cogn Behav Ther. 2020;13:e33.Google Scholar PubMed

Bee, PE, Lovell, K, Lidbetter, N, Easton, K, Gask, L. You can’t get anything perfect: ‘User perspectives on the delivery of cognitive behavioural therapy by telephone’. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(7):1308–1315.10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.031CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Himle, JA, Fischer, DJ, Muroff, JR, Van Etten, ML, Lokers, LM, Abelson, JL, et al. Videoconferencing-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2006;44(12):1821–1829.10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.010CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Manchanda, M, McLaren, P. Cognitive behaviour therapy via interactive video. J Telemed Telecare. 1998;4(1_suppl):53–55.10.1258/1357633981931452CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chakrabarti, S. Usefulness of telepsychiatry: A critical evaluation of videoconferencing-based approaches. World J Psychiatry. 2015;5(3):286–304.10.5498/wjp.v5.i3.286CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Zerwas, SC, Watson, HJ, Hofmeier, SM, Levine, MD, Hamer, RM, Crosby, RD, et al. CBT4BN: A randomized controlled trial of online chat and face-to-face group therapy for bulimia nervosa. Psychother Psychosom. 2016;86(1):47–53.10.1159/000449025CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Catarino, A, Bateup, S, Tablan, V, Innes, K, Freer, S, Richards, A, et al. Demographic and clinical predictors of response to internet-enabled cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety. BJPsych Open. 2018;4(5):411–418.10.1192/bjo.2018.57CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Geller, S. Cultivating online therapeutic presence: Strengthening therapeutic relationships in teletherapy sessions. Couns Psychol Q. 2021;34(3–4):687–703.10.1080/09515070.2020.1787348CrossRef Google Scholar

Geller, SM, Greenberg, LS, Watson, JC. Therapist and client perceptions of therapeutic presence: The development of a measure. Psychother Res. 2010;20(5):599–610.10.1080/10503307.2010.495957CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cipolletta, S, Frassoni, E, Faccio, E. Construing a therapeutic relationship online: An analysis of videoconference sessions. Clin Psychol. 2018;22(2):220–229.10.1111/cp.12117CrossRef Google Scholar

Etzelmueller, A, Radkovsky, A, Hannig, W, Berking, M, Ebert, DD. Patient’s experience with blended video-and internet based cognitive behavioural therapy service in routine care. Internet Interv. 2018;12:165–175.10.1016/j.invent.2018.01.003CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Schoenenberg, K, Raake, A, Koeppe, J. Why are you so slow? Misattribution of transmission delay to attributes of the conversation partner at the far-end. Int J Hum-Comput Stud. 2014;72(5):477–487.10.1016/j.ijhcs.2014.02.004CrossRef Google Scholar

References

Beck, AT, Rush, J, Shaw, BF, Emery, G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979.Google Scholar

Kaltenthaler, E, Brazier, J, De Nigris, E, Tumur, I, Ferriter, M, Beverley, C, et al. Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety update: A systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess Winch Engl. 2006;10(33):iii–xi.Google Scholar PubMed

Gilbody, S, Littlewood, E, Hewitt, C, Brierley, G, Tharmanathan, P, Araya, R, et al. Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) as treatment for depression in primary care (REEACT trial): Large scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;351:h5627.10.1136/bmj.h5627CrossRef Google Scholar

Brabyn, S, Araya, R, Barkham, M, Bower, P, Cooper, C, Duarte, A, et al. The second randomised evaluation of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of computerised therapy (REEACT-2) trial: Does the provision of telephone support enhance the effectiveness of computer-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy? A randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(89):1–64.10.3310/hta20890CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cuijpers, P, van Straten, A, van Schaik, A, Andersson, G. Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2009;59(559):e51–60.10.3399/bjgp09X395139CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Klein, B, Proudfoot, J. Guided CBT Interventions using the internet. In: Bennett-Levy, J, Richards, D, Farrand, P, Christensen, H, Griffiths, K, Kavanagh, D, et al. (Eds.), Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions (pp. 225–264). Oxford: OUP; 2010.Google Scholar

Andrews, G, Davies, M, Titov, N. Effectiveness randomized controlled trial of face to face versus Internet cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45(4):337–340.10.3109/00048674.2010.538840CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

McClay, CA, Waters, L, McHale, C, Schmidt, U, Williams, C. Online cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimic type disorders, delivered in the community by a nonclinician: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(3):e2083.10.2196/jmir.2083CrossRef Google Scholar

Aisbett, D, Boyd, CP, Francis, KJ, Newnham, K. Understanding barriers to mental health service utilization for adolescents in rural Australia. Rural Remote Health. 2007;7(1):1–10.Google Scholar PubMed

Palmqvist, B, Carlbring, P, Andersson, G. Internet-delivered treatments with or without therapist input: Does the therapist factor have implications for efficacy and cost? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2007;7(3):291–297.10.1586/14737167.7.3.291CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Frey, CB, Osborne, MA. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2017;114:254–280.10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019CrossRef Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, KK, Darcy, A, Vierhile, M. Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2017;4(2):e7785.10.2196/mental.7785CrossRef Google Scholar

Bell, S, Wood, C, Sarkar, A. Perceptions of chatbots in therapy. CHI’19 Extended Abstracts, May 4–9, 2019, Glasgow, Scotland UK. https://advait.org/files/bell_2019_chatbots_therapy.pdf.10.1145/3290607.3313072CrossRef Google Scholar

Kajiyama, B, Thompson, LW, Eto-Iwase, T, Yamashita, M, Di Mario, J, Marian Tzuang, Y, et al. Exploring the effectiveness of an internet-based program for reducing caregiver distress using the iCare Stress Management e-Training Program. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(5):544–554.10.1080/13607863.2013.775641CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hopkinson, MD, Reavell, J, Lane, DA, Mallikarjun, P. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Gerontologist. 2019;59(4):e343–62.10.1093/geront/gnx217CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

References

Grey, N, Salkovskis, P, Quigley, A, Clark, DM, Ehlers, A. Dissemination of cognitive therapy for panic disorder in primary care. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2008;36(5):509–520.10.1017/S1352465808004694CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kuyken, W, Tsivrikos, D. Therapist competence, comorbidity and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Psychother Psychosom. 2008;78(1):42–48.10.1159/000172619CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Muse, K, Kennerley, H, McManus, F. The why, what, when, who and how of assessing CBT competence to support lifelong learning. Cogn Behav Ther. 2022;15:e57.Google Scholar

Roth, A, Pilling, S. The CBT competencies framework for depression and anxiety disorders. Lond UK Cent Outcome Res Eval. 2007. www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/clinical-educational-and-health-psychology/research-groups/competence-frameworks-0.Google Scholar

Whittington, A, Grey, N. How to Become a More Effective CBT Therapist: Mastering Metacompetence in Clinical Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2014.10.1002/9781394266487CrossRef Google Scholar

O’donovan, A, Dyck, M. Effective training in clinical and counselling psychology: Not as simple as it sounds. Aust Psychol. 2001;36(2):92–98.10.1080/00050060108259640CrossRef Google Scholar

Bennett-Levy, J. Therapist skills: A cognitive model of their acquisition and refinement. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2006;34(1):57–78.10.1017/S1352465805002420CrossRef Google Scholar

Schon, DA. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. New York: Basic Books; 1983.Google Scholar

James, W. The Principles of Psychology. H. Holt; 1890.Google Scholar

Dewey, J. Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education [Internet]. New York: MacMillan; 1916. (Text-book series). https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MUz7CnO-4iMC.Google Scholar

Dewey, J. Experience and Education [Internet]. New York: Macmillan; 1938. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GS8EAQAAIAAJ.Google Scholar

Skovholt, TM, Rønnestad, MH, Jennings, L. Searching for expertise in counseling, psychotherapy, and professional psychology. Educ Psychol Rev. 1997;9(4):361–369.10.1023/A:1024798723295CrossRef Google Scholar

Kalpakoglou, T. Standards for Training and Accreditation of Cognitive and/or Behaviour Therapists. EABCT. https://eabct.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Thomas-Kalpakoglou-Training-and-Accreditation-2002-2013.pdf.Google Scholar

Acceptable CPD Activities and Evidence [Internet]. [accessed 14 September 2023]. www.babcp.com/Accreditation/CBT-Practice-Supervision-CPD/CPD-Guidance/Acceptable-CPD-Activities-and-Evidence.Google Scholar

Reaccreditation Guidelines [Internet]. [accessed 14 September 2023]. www.babcp.com/Accreditation/Reaccreditation/Reaccreditation-Guidelines.Google Scholar

Branson, A, Shafran, R, Myles, P. Investigating the relationship between competence and patient outcome with CBT. Behav Res Ther. 2015;68:19–26.10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.002CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Zieve, GG, Persons, JB, Yu, LAD. The relationship between dropout and outcome in naturalistic cognitive behavior therapy. Behav Ther. 2019;50(1):189–199.10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.004CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Law, D, Jacob, J. Goals and Goal Based Outcomes (GBOs). London: CAMHS Press; 2013.Google Scholar

Duncan, B, Miller, S, Sparks, J, Claud, D, Reynolds, L. The session rating scale: Preliminary psychometric properties of a ‘working’ alliance measure. J Brief Ther. 2003;3:3–12.Google Scholar

Bernard, JM, Goodyear, RK. Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 1998.Google Scholar

Falender, CA, Shafranske, EP. Clinical Supervision: A Competency-Based Approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2004.10.1037/10806-000CrossRef Google Scholar

Inskipp, F, Proctor, B. Making the Most of Supervision. Twickenham: Cascade Publications; 1993.Google Scholar

Milne, D. Evidence-Based Clinical Supervision: Principles and Practice. Chichester: BPS Blackwell; 2009.Google Scholar

Milne, D, Dunkerley, C. Towards evidence-based clinical supervision: The development and evaluation of four CBT guidelines. Cogn Behav Ther. 2010;3(2):43–57.10.1017/S1754470X10000048CrossRef Google Scholar

Milne, DL, Reiser, RP. A Manual for Evidence-Based CBT Supervision. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2017.10.1002/9781119030799CrossRef Google Scholar

Dorsey, S, Pullmann, MD, Deblinger, E, Berliner, L, Kerns, SE, Thompson, K, et al. Improving practice in community-based settings: A randomized trial of supervision–study protocol. Implement Sci. 2013;8(1):1–11.10.1186/1748-5908-8-89CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Brosan, L, Reynolds, S, Moore, RG. Self-evaluation of cognitive therapy performance: Do therapists know how competent they are? Behav Cogn Psychother. 2008;36(5):581–587.10.1017/S1352465808004438CrossRef Google Scholar

McManus, F, Rakovshik, S, Kennerley, H, Fennell, M, Westbrook, D. An investigation of the accuracy of therapists’ self-assessment of cognitive-behaviour therapy skills. Br J Clin Psychol. 2012;51(3):292–306.10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02028.xCrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. The Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Manual. UK NCCMH. 2018.Google Scholar

Bennett-Levy, J, Lee, N, Travers, K, Pohlman, S, Hamernik, E. Cognitive therapy from the inside: Enhancing therapist skills through practising what we preach. Behav Cogn Psychother. 2003;31(2):143–158.10.1017/S1352465803002029CrossRef Google Scholar

Bennett-Levy, J. Experiencing CBT from the Inside Out: A Self-Practice/Self-Reflection Workbook for Therapists. New York: The Guilford Press; 2014.Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Book contents

Part IV - Application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Different Populations and Settings

Information

Access options

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Essential Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Book contents

Part IV - Application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Different Populations and Settings

Information

Access options

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Essential Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Further Reading

References

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive