Although technology has transformed the landscape of pedagogy, some language teachers are still reluctant to use educational technology, and this is referred to as “resistance to change.” This resistance is complex, and as a result, the biggest challenge in language pedagogy is to prepare teachers to integrate technology into their classrooms. This chapter provides an overview of historical and current explanations for teacher resistance to computer-assisted language learning (CALL), discusses factors influencing teachers’ technology use, and critically examines challenges for CALL teacher education in specific sociocultural contexts. Additionally, suggestions for breaking down resistance are provided for educational institutions, teacher educators, in-service and pre-service teachers. Finally, this chapter concludes with recommendations for future research and classroom practice to guide professional development.

Neuromuscular disorders cause respiratory failure when they significantly impair the respiratory muscle pump. This is a complex system involving the diaphragm, intercostal, neck, shoulder girdle, abdominal wall and possibly paraspinal muscles. The dilator muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx maintain a patent airway and air conduit. The diaphragm is the main muscle of inspiration, but is aided by the parasternal intercostals, and additionally by the accessory respiratory muscles in forceful inspiration, diaphragmatic weakness or compromised diaphragmatic function as is the case in lung emphysema. Exhalation is passive, but forceful expiration and cough require the abdominal wall and a portion of the intercostals. This chapter focuses on the physiology of the muscles involved in respiration, and the recognition of developing neuromuscular respiratory failure, its clinical evaluation and assessment, and basic principles of management.

No one needs a tracheostomy tube only for being too weak to breathe, that is, for people with ventilatory pump failure. Noninvasive ventilatory support is safer, better tolerated and better maintains quality of life than does ventilatory support via tracheostomy. People at any age can become continuously dependent on (noninvasive) ventilatory support (CNVS) without ever going to a hospital or developing acute respiratory failure. People who depend on CNVS are more safely managed in their homes by trained care providers than in institutions or hospitals where supplemental oxygen therapy can result in acute respiratory failure. Here we discuss the management with respect to noninvasive ventilation or noninvasive ventilatory support for patients with ventilatory pump failure and discuss mechanical insufflation-exsufflation, intubation and extubation criteria for these patients.

In this chapter participants reflect on the steps that senior academics and academic institutions could do to better support early career autistic academics. They also reflect candidly on the things that non-autistic colleagues and friends could do to make them feel more comfortable in both work and social settings.

Talking to your child about psychoactive drugs is crucial, preferably before they are exposed to drugs or people who use them.

• As a parent, what you say matters.

• Check with the school to see what your child is being taught about drugs.

• Having the drug conversation can be difficult, but using the checklist provided will make it easier and more successful.

I begin with those categories that involve neutral terminology. The inherent connection of neutral terms with the ground, the likeness of an image, has been indicated already. Interaction of other kinds does not have this characteristic. It is worth stressing that, in many ways, the more apparent the connection with the ground, the less interesting the interaction. This applies especially to explicit imagery, where, of course, the ground, or part of it, is usually made explicit as a matter of predictable organisation.

Preparation is key and hopefully this book will have provided useful information to allow you to link with key people and develop a strategy. The emotional and practical impact on the professional and personal lives of those involved cannot be underestimated. This chapter considers the psychological and practical impact and provides some advice on managing often conflicting emotions.

Many nurses will be asked to give evidence at a coroner’s inquest during their nursing career. Being asked to give evidence can feel incredibly daunting and generate complex feelings. It’s important to remember that the coroner is looking for your help with the inquiry. The coroner can also seek an expert opinion by a nursing professional on the care of the person who has died. This chapter provides advice on how best to fulfil your duty.

Convex polytopes, or simply polytopes, are geometric objects in some space $\R^{d}$; in fact, they are bounded intersections of finitely many closed halfspaces in $\R^{d}$.The space $\R^{d}$ can be regarded as a linear space or an affine space, and its linear or affine subspaces can be described by linear or affine equations. We introduce the basic concepts and results from linear algebra that allow the description and analysis of these subspaces. A polytope can alternatively be described as the convex hull of a finite set of points in $\R^{d}$, and so it is a convex set. Convex sets are therefore introduced, as well as their topological properties, with emphasis on relative notions as these are based on a more natural setting, the affine hull of the set. We then review the separation and support of convex sets by hyperplanes. A convex set is formed by fitting together other polytopes of smaller dimensions, its faces; Section 1.7 discusses them.Finally, the chapter studies convex cones and lineality spaces of convex sets; these sets are closely connected to the structure of unbounded convex sets.

Wagner and money is a cantus firmus of his biography. Notoriously broke, he is often regarded as a ‘pump genius’. He always demanded financial generosity from anyone who wanted to call themselves his friend. His pre-March criticism of capitalism has its origins in his completely underdeveloped economic mind. In King Ludwig II of Bavaria, he gained his most powerful and significant patron from 1864 onwards. But contrary to the widespread prejudice, it was by no means excessive sums that the king spent on Wagner. Moreover, in times without copyright and regulated royalty payments, artists were always dependent on patrons and gainful employment. Under today’s legal conditions, Wagner would have been a millionaire.

This chapter introduces the notion of identifying primary and secondary stressors as a way of drawing attention to the many sources of stress that arise either as a consequence of disastrous events of long or short duration, or because they frame the context in which those disastrous events occur. The events that we include in this approach are broad in nature; they include emergencies of all kinds, major incidents, outbreaks of high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs), terrorist attacks, and conflicts. We begin by outlining the context in which the circumstances that cause stress operate. Then we define primary and secondary stressors. This approach helps us to understand sources of stress in all kinds of adverse and disastrous events. We conclude that the sources of stress that we have researched in these differing emergencies differ, but also have much in common.

The proportion of the population living into old age has been increasing worldwide. For the first time in history, there are more older people than children under 5 years of age. The task for public health is to understand the relationships between ageing, health and the environment (physical, social and economic) in which people live, to promote healthy ageing and prevent the disability and subsequent dependency that is often associated with growing old.

This chapter examines the factors that lead to ageing populations and explores the health, social and economic consequences of the change in the population structure. It then goes on to outline strategies that can lead to healthy ageing and other public health actions that could help to manage the challenges posed – and the opportunities afforded – by the relative and absolute increase in the number of older people.