Management of pit viper snakebites incorporating the use of antivenom is defined in this chapter. This chapter on adult snakebite treatment chapter reviews the basic management parameters needed in the care of North American pit viper envenomations. The chapter provides a brief overview of the classification of severity grading, indications for antivenom administration, assessment parameters, and disposition criteria. The chapter has an easy-to-follow diagram to assist in treatment evaluation of this patient population.

Treatment of rattlesnake bites including use of antivenom is delineated in this chapter.

Key Learning Points

1. 1. Whilst venomous creatures are endemic to specific regions, travel and exotic pets may cause envenomated patients to appear where not expected.

2. 2. Anaphylaxis is the leading cause of death from envenomation.

3. 3. Whilst creature identification can aid management, attempted capture by untrained individuals can create more problems, and thus should not be encouraged.

4. 4. Management is primarily good basic first aid, anaphylaxis treatment and organ support.

5. 5. Anti-venoms are available but can themselves be the cause of anaphylaxis.