This systematic literature review comprehensively assesses the risks associated with implementing Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies. It clusters these risks into six groups (strategic, financial, operational, technological, environmental, and sociocultural). Using a PRISMA-guided approach, the analysis of 83 peer-reviewed papers identified 36 unique risks out of a total of 811. The findings reveal critical challenges, including in cybersecurity threats, financial burdens, technological obsolescence, and workforce adaptation. These results provide a structured risk categorization that can assist enterprises, in effectively mitigating risks and aligning their strategies with Industry 4.0/5.0 transitions. This framework closes knowledge gaps and offers actionable insights for a robust and sustainable implementation.
