Chapter 7 discusses the emergence of new actors in the Kuroshio frontier over the decades after the shogunate’s retreat from the Bonin Islands. It observes that pirates, state officials, and scientists formed a triangle of frontier actors. The pirate Benjamin Pease vied for state approval of his local rule in the Bonins, but eventually it was individuals like the official-botanist Tanaka Yoshio or the Bonin settler Thomas Webb who helped showcase the colonial flagship project of the young Meiji empire. The relationship of state and commercial agents, as much as the swift reconfiguration of settler identities on the ground, reflected the physical fluidity and political instability of the contested ocean frontier. Taming this frontier was a project of ideological significance for Japan. Clarifying the state’s relationship with its new subjects by testing new forms of subjecthood was central to this process. The flagship colony in the Bonin Islands became the site of state-funded agrarian experiments centered on exotic fruits and medical plants. Showcased at agricultural exhibitions, these experiments underpinned the “enlightened” character of Japanese colonialism.

Chapter 6 discusses the colonization of the Bonin Islands under the Tokugawa shogunate in 1862–1863. It shows how the steamboat Kanrin-maru’s venture to the Pacific archipelago offered an opportunity to develop and display national symbols of sovereignty, progress, and power vis-à-vis the islanders, just nine years after the arrival of Perry’s black ships. The subsequent occupation of territory under the hinomaru flag and the mapping and labeling of landmarks with Japanese toponyms was an attempt at harmonizing early modern conceptions of climate, subjecthood, and benevolent governance with the exigencies of administrative control over a stateless immigrant community in a colonial competition against Western empires. The chapter argues that the Bonin Islands figured as an experimental colony through which shogunal scholars and officials encountered foreign plants, technologies, and bodies of knowledge at a formative time of Japan’s imperial reinvention. Though upended prematurely in the summer of 1863, this colonial experiment offers a rare window on the possibilities of an imperial modernity under the Tokugawa that never materialized.

The chapter is concerned with ego documents, that is sources like autobiographies, diaries and letters, as a data source for historians of the English language. First, the term ego documents is defined and its merits for historical sociolinguistic research are outlined. Thereafter, literacy and education opportunities, and the availability of and approaches to ego documents, are traced from the later Middle Ages to the Modern English period, followed by an illustration of language use across social layers, and a comparison to another contemporary text type. A particular focus is put on ego documents as a source of vernacular speech, for example as data for varieties of English for which there is no other contemporary documentation. The examples given illustrate the sometimes more speech-like and informal nature of ego documents and highlight the value of the text category for historical linguistics.

This chapter explores the globalization of factor markets, particularly focusing on capital and labour, and how international monetary regimes have influenced these markets throughout European history. It discusses the evolution of capital markets and the role of different monetary systems, such as the gold standard and Bretton Woods, in facilitating cross-border capital mobility. The chapter also examines the impact of migration on labour markets, exploring how the movement of people has shaped economic outcomes in Europe. It highlights the benefits of globalization, such as increased efficiency and economic integration, while also acknowledging the challenges, including inequality and labour market disruptions.

Psychological anthropology’s research on parenting recognizes not only that it takes a village to support parents to raise a child; it also takes an understanding of the parents’ and children’s places in their local cultural community and in today’s world. Parenting is a pivotal point in the life course as individuals move through infancy, childhood, and adolescence, being nurtured, protected, educated, and socialized. Research documents the variability in parenting practices among human societies and how parenting changes as individuals develop. A critical concept is the “cultural learning environment” that shapes the context for parenting. The chapter discusses problematic aspects of parenting, like child maltreatment. As multinational organizations create universal standards for child maltreatment, anthropologists play an essential role in ensuring that cultural variation is recognized and protected. The chapter reviews recent research on parenting in the context of migration, considering cultural hybridity and translation, parenting at a distance, and the struggles of many migrant parents due to broader structural and state-sanctioned violence to which migrants are subjected.

Extractive activities in central Russian peatlands gradually declined in the late Soviet period, a change which reflected the reorientation of the country’s energy system toward Siberian fossil fuels as well as a shift in the cultural perceptions of peatlands, as scientists began to recognize the value of intact wetlands and a wider public expressed concerns about their loss. The Soviet collapse and subsequent economic crisis made the end of extraction an unsettling experience. Many regions were gradually cut off from the resources and services that had sustained them for several decades. Communities experienced high outmigration and social marginalization, while abandoned peat extraction sites became serious fire hazards. Tracing the decline of extraction and its legacies, this chapter demonstrates that, instead of recovery, the end of extraction brought new forms of social and environmental precarity. While peat’s role as a fuel has shrunk dramatically in the past decades, the legacies of its extraction and use are bound to remain.

Juristocratic reckoning is observable not only “from below.” Collective struggles that employed law animated by the idea that the state should be a vehicle of social justice have provoked a reckoning “from above.” This chapter suggests three dynamics: namely, authoritarian legalism, the dispersion of law, and the tribunalization of law. They reflect differently on the reaction by states and powerful economic actors to what the editors of this volume call “legal apotheosis” but which we would rather refer to as “organic constitutionalism” (Schwöbel 2010). Within these three pathways the chapter observes an active diminishment of the already limited possibilities of law to be mobilized for social justice. In the first modality – the incremental implementation of authoritarian legalism in India – legal measures have been systematically introduced in recent years to “legalize” a dual-law situation long in the making. In a second step, the chapter outlines the dispersion of law in relation to the borders of Europe, where the access to the laws that would nominally regulate these borders (e.g., asylum law) is thwarted by the creation of new legal zones and jurisdictional responsibilities. Third, the chapter observes the tribunalization of law with relation to the regulation of global capitalism, where seemingly egalitarian procedures increase asymmetries and “singularize” injuries. Taken together, the three cases point toward the emergence of a constitutional order that is averse to political conflict being carried out through law. The pathways described in this chapter have hegemonic tendencies; they ensure that political orders are authoritatively institutionalized through law but cannot be contested through it anymore.

This chapter takes the anthropology of emotion and affect as its central problem, with a particular focus on socialization processes. It starts with an overview of how psychological anthropologists have approached the topic of emotion since the 1980s and outlines the social–anthropological understanding of emotion before it considers the “affective turn” in the social sciences and humanities and its impact on anthropology. In the second part of the chapter special attention is paid to the socialization of emotions, first from a cross-cultural and second from a transcultural perspective. Using the example of the socialization of emotions in transcultural settings, it discusses the extent to which the notion of “affect” enhances our understanding of how the transformation of socially learned emotion repertoires might work.

The silent film Grass (1925), which follows the seasonal migration of members of the Bakhtiari tribal confederation and their herds, shows mobile pastoralism as a changeless, remote, environmentally driven, and primitive way of life. An anthropological and historical analysis of the film explores problematic conceptions that still underlie the contemporary study of historical and ancient pastoralism.

Mapping the statements of Afro-Cuban artists on the Afrodescendant social condition and their cultural heritage during the revolutionary period, this chapter delves into the Afro-centric art of Manuel Mendive, Rafael Queneditt, Rogelio Rodríguez Cobas, and others who, during the 1960s–1980s, pointed their emphasis to the Yoruba and Bantú worlds that shaped Antillean societies despite the regime’s religious intolerance. Along with Adelaida Herrera Valdés, Julia Valdés Borrero, and others, they formed the Group Antillano, the first visual art collective grounded on notions of Afrodescendant consciousness that Cuba had ever experienced. The chapter moves chronologically, noting how what could constitute the groundbreaking “New Cuban Art” of the post-1959 period is not Volumen I, but the art of the Queloides collective. While their works were not the first to be concerned with issues of structural racism, they were an unprecedented endeavor that moved beyond previous reformist visions and instead aimed to dismantle the fundamental tenets of Cuban national narratives. The chapter concludes with the internationalization of Afro-Cuban art and how migration and diaspora shape the work of contemporary Afro-Cuban artists.

1. What insights about different ways of becoming a social worker has Liam’s life story brought to the fore? 2. What stories have you met in your own social work practice that have affected your way of understanding what ought to be the core of social work? 3. How do you from your own experiences understand the expression ‘social work poetry’? How could it be an inspiration in your own work?

Chapter 5, makes the case for labelling the period of 1979–1989 the ‘defining decade’ in the history of the Convention.

It shows how, after decades of hesitation, the courts sprang into action in the eighties and unleashed a veritable avalanche of legal activity. They were supported by the recently formed professional academic study of (European) human rights, and went further than had previously been considered possible.

Yet as European human rights emerged as legalized tools, they also lost the revolutionary appeal which had made them into a desirable action language. The shift in the 1980s was, in that sense, a limited expansion.

Even so, it was simultaneously the decade in which governmental support, which had been substantive in the previous decade, wavered. Although the government had been crucial in the activation of the system, a caution surrounding the activities of the European Court began to seep in during the eighties, not just in the Netherlands but also in the other signatory states. As the activities of the European Court of Human Rights seemed to be expanding the reach of European human rights, it is vital to note these were consistently met with brakes from the states.

Finally, Chapter 6, ‘From permissive consensus to persistent critique’, turns to the most recent past of the Convention. It shows how the critique of the eighties became unsustainable by an unforeseen event: the end of the Cold War. This galvanized the earlier hesitant governments into accepting permanent supranational oversight. However, the signatory states’ caution had not suddenly disappeared. The concerns of the 1980s may have been briefly interrupted in the 1990s, but remained a constant factor.

The Convention also became a topic of public debate in the Netherlands from 2010 onwards: in order for that debate to flourish, a fundamental change in the previous, rather self-evident acceptance of human rights as inherently desirable was brokered, as the Court got caught up in wider debates surrounding national identity and migration.

Finally, the chapter sheds light on the persistent challenges the Convention keeps posing to the Kingdom. Caught between Dutch and Caribbean unwillingness, sensitivities and financial limitations, human rights standards occasionally lose out. The Convention has come to serve as a reminder of the shared responsibility of all in addressing those problems, but remains tied to historical grown discrepancies.