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Much of classical mechanics treats particles as infinitesimally small. But most of our world is not like this. Planets and cats and tennis balls are not infinitesimally small, but have an extended size and this can be important for many applications. The purpose of this chapter is to understand how to describe the complicated motion of extended objects as they tumble and turn.
Rigid-body dynamics uses vectors heavily, and in particular the angular velocity vector described in a previous chapter. I derive the main quantities and results of the subject: angular momentum, moment of inertia, torque, and the relevant conservation laws. Examples are the spinning top and precessing bicycle wheel. I also provide a detailed calculation of Earth’s precession period arising from the gravity of the Sun and Moon.
This book applies rotation theory to problems involving vectors and coordinates, with an approach that combines easily visualised procedures with smart mathematics. It constructs rotation theory from the ground up, building from basic geometry through to the motion and attitude equations of rockets, and the tensor analysis of relativity. The author replaces complicated pictures of superimposed axes with a simple and intuitive procedure of rotating a model aircraft, to create rotation sequences that are easily turned into mathematics. He combines the best of the 'active' and 'passive' approaches to rotation into a single coherent theory, and discusses many potential traps for newcomers. This volume will be useful to astronomers and engineers sighting planets and satellites, computer scientists creating graphics for movies, and aerospace engineers designing aircraft; also to physicists and mathematicians who study its abstract aspects.
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