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This descriptive study examines participant reactions to a new framework categorizing aging-in-place (AIP) services with AI and robotics through a think-aloud method. Using grounded theory, we examined older adults’ perceptions of AI’s role in promoting independence. The framework consists of four AI archetypes that address the cognitive and functional needs of the elderly with physical or digital interventions: Advisor AI, Burler Robot AI, Valet Robot AI, and Conductor AI. The authors conducted virtual interviews with four Boston-based retirees (mean age 70), revealing expectations and concerns regarding health monitoring, routine assistance, and social well-being. The findings emphasize inclusivity, adaptability, and practical relevance for aging populations and underscore the importance of trust, lifestyle integration, and adaptability in fostering meaningful AIP applications.
This chapter outlines the ethnographic and qualitative methodology employed in this study. The methodological choices focus on understanding language ideologies in a multilingual setting. The study does not engage in a linguistic focus on speech patterns and instead emphasizes the cultural and social meanings that speakers attach to language. It challenges monolingual, Western-centric assumptions by exploring complex links between language and social structures. Data collection included interviews, field notes, observations, classroom recordings, and surveys on language use. The study uses grounded theory to analyse data, and it prioritizes speakers’ perspectives as experts of their own language culture. The chapter argues that decolonising research practices have to treat local language ideologies as legitimate frameworks rather than folk beliefs. A linguistic analysis examines public English, inspecting its variability and influence from both local and external norms. By integrating linguistic, cultural, and social data, the methodological approach provides a holistic view of how language ideologies emerge and intersect with broader social discourses.
Academic inquiries into the motivations and experiences of live music audiences have typically focused on the communal and social experience of concerts and festivals, whereas the experience of individual concertgoers has been relatively unexplored, especially in popular music contexts. In this article, qualitative interviews and focus groups were undertaken with self-declared progressive rock fans to understand their often-individualised engagement with the live music experience. The findings demonstrate the importance of live music performance and appreciation, attentive listening, and detailed personal evaluation of the musicians and their performances to these fans. The co-presence of others in the live music setting served to legitimise not only these fans’ tastes in music but also their individualised way of engaging with, experiencing, and enjoying the concert experience: their preference for the ‘text’ over ‘context’.
As we enter the era of longevity economics, the desire for longer life spans and health spans is increasingly prevalent. Recognizing the importance of longevity planning (LP) has become particularly significant, as individuals seek to enhance lifespan quality starting at younger ages. This article explores how 12 LP blocks (LPBs) can serve as boundary objects (BOs) to facilitate conversations and identify user needs in LP services. Using constructivist grounded theory, this research analyzes data from 69 in-person experiments at MIT AgeLab, across adulthood (25–54 years), preretirement (55–64 years) and postretirement (65–74 years). Through a qualitative data analysis supported by a comparison of surveys, the authors identified and clustered 51 initial codes, 15 focused codes, 5 axial codes and 1 thematic code. This led to the development of four personas, each corresponding to one of the four types of BOs defined by Star in 1989: repositories, ideal types, terrains with coincident boundaries and forms and labels. The findings highlight the value and challenges of using LPBs as BOs to enhance LP service, ultimately contributing to design for longevity (D4L). This qualitative research aims to facilitate sensitive conversations and foster comprehension of D4L, positioning LPBs as components in creating LP services.
Whereas the growing body of research into algorithmic memory technologies and the platformisation of memory has a media-centric approach, this article engages with the question of how users experience and make sense of such omnipresent technologies. By means of a questionnaire and follow-up qualitative interviews with young adults (born between 1997 and 2005) and a Grounded Theory approach, we empirically examine an object of study that has been mainly explored theoretically. Our study found four major experiences associated with algorithmic memory technologies: intrusive, dissonant, nostalgic, and practical. Connected to these experiences, we found four sets of practices and strategies of use: avoidance and non-use; curating and training; reminiscing; and cognitive offloading and managing identity through memory. Our results show that our participants’ use and awareness of algorithmic memory technologies are diverse and, at times, contradictory, and shape their attitudes towards their memories, whether they are mediated or not. Hence, our study offers nuances and new perspectives to extant research into algorithmic memory technologies, which often assumes particular users and uses.
The rural-oriented tuition-waived medical education program in China, started in 2010, provides free medical education to students committed to serving in rural areas to address medical staff shortages. Despite its success in training and deploying graduates, retaining them post-obligation remains challenging. This study explores the mechanisms behind the turnover intentions of rural-oriented medical students in Western China, offering insights for their retention.
Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 rural-oriented medical students and 30 health clinic directors in Nanning City. Interview data were analysed using grounded theory, and open, axial and selective coding was applied.
Results:
Through three levels of coding analysis, 34 tree nodes, 13 sub-categories and 3 main categories were identified from the interviews with rural-oriented medical students and health clinic directors. 3 main categories were Subjective Norms, Behavioural Attitudes, and Perceived Behavioural Control.
Conclusion:
A model of turnover intention among rural-oriented medical students was developed. This model can serve as a valuable reference for future policy optimization concerning China’s rural order-directed medical students.
Access to heterogeneous knowledge resources is suggested in the literature as an important explanation of firm innovation and performance. The exchange of knowledge, however, can be a complex managerial challenge, especially between different epistemic communities. Our research focuses on the concept of epistemic communities to illuminate the complexity of tensions that arise in heterogeneous knowledge exchange in alliances, thus filling a gap in the literature. Using the Straussian grounded theory case study approach, our research investigates the emergence of horizontal, vertical, and inter-organizational epistemic tensions and explores management controls as instruments to guide the knowledge exchange in intermediary-driven research and development alliances. We find that the source of multiple epistemic tensions is rooted in the natural social behaviors of epistemic community members and further shows how these behaviors influence the effective use of inter-organizational management controls in facilitating heterogeneous knowledge exchange.
Language MOOC research has experienced a notable evolution from practice to conceptuality since its emergence as a subdiscipline of computer-assisted language learning. The versatility of the MOOC format for language learning has led to experimental designs that combine linguistic acquisition with other educational activities. This has been considered to be conducive to new ways of understanding how language learning occurs in LMOOCs, although there is no solid classification of LMOOCs subtypes to date based on course design. This study aimed to contribute to the conceptualisation of the field by creating a taxonomy for existing LMOOCs. Grounded theory strategies were adopted, so evidence was systematically collected to develop conceptual categories based on a thorough analysis process of the syllabus and short description of 432 courses. As a result, six LMOOC modalities emerged from the analysis: general language learning LMOOCs, LMOOCs for academic purposes, LMOOCs for professional purposes, LMOOCs focused on a specific language skill development, cultural-oriented LMOOCs, and meta-language learning LMOOCs. This study means a significant contribution to the LMOOC research field inasmuch as it is one of the first empirical-based attempts to broaden the definition of LMOOC.
It is important to limit statistical testing of context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOCs) to those which are most plausible. This is because testing too many hypotheses will lead to some false positive conclusions. Qualitative research conducted within process evaluations is a useful way to inform refinement of CMOCs before they are tested using quantitative data. Process evaluations aim to examine intervention implementation and the mechanisms that arise from this. They involve a mixture of quantitative (for example, logbooks completed by intervention providers) and qualitative (for example, interviews or focus groups with recipients) research. Qualitative research can be useful in assessing and refining CMOCs because intervention providers and recipients will have insights into how intervention mechanisms might interact with context to generate outcomes. These insights might be explored directly (for example, by asking participants how they think the interventions works) or indirectly (for example, by asking participants about their experiences of an interventions, and the conditions and consequences of this). Sampling for such qualitative research should ensure that a diversity of different participant accounts is explored. Analyses of these accounts can draw on grounded theory approaches which aim to build or refine theory based on qualitative data.
Gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy face nutrition-related complications and worsening quality of life after surgery. In this context, gastrectomized cancer patients are required to cope with new conditions. Little is known about their accommodating feeding to the new life condition as a negotiated process among stakeholders in real contexts. This study aimed to investigate the shaping of this process as influenced by the perspectives of patients, health-care professionals (HPs), and caregivers (CGs).
Methods
A constructivist grounded theory study, through semi-structured interviews and interpretative coding, was designed to answer the following research question: “what is the process of returning to eating and feeding after a gastrectomy?”
Results
The final sample included 18 participants. “Defining a balance by compromising with fear” is the core category explaining returning to eating as a process negotiated by all actors involved, with patients trying to find a feeding balance through a multi-layer compromise: with the information received by HPs, the proprioception drastically altered by gastric resection, new dietary habits to accept, and complex and often minimized conviviality. This process involves 4 main conceptual phases: relying on the doctors’ advice, perceptive realignment, rearranging food intake, and food-regulated social interaction. Those categories are also shaped by the fear of being unwell from eating and the constant fear of tumor relapse.
Significance of results
Multiple actors can meet patients’ and their CGs’ nutritional, care, and psychosocial needs. A multidisciplinary approach involving nutritionists, psychologists, occupational therapists, social workers, and anthropologists can be key to effectively managing these patients’ survivorship care. We suggest training all the professionals on the first level of nutritional counseling.
Research on interorganisational collaboration is longstanding however the role leadership plays in such collaborations is often neglected. Using grounded theory, we present a process model of ‘leadership by cavea’ whereby the relationships across organisations involved in a collaborative project were structured according to hierarchies of privilege, determined by the inherent power of ‘bonding’ social capital. While it emerged that cultural capital was a more valuable resource, this was recognised too late in the leadership process for it to make a necessary contribution. Our findings demonstrate that when seeking to practice collaborative leadership across organisations, individuals and the organisations they represent must be aware of the power they hold and wield, even needing to share or relinquish power to ensure that hierarchies of privilege do not hinder efforts to achieve mutual goals.
Staff retention, particularly in the Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner (PWP) workforce, has historically been challenging for Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services. This study sought to develop an explanatory model of the resilience-building process in PWPs working within the IAPT programme.
Method:
A qualitative design was conducted, using a grounded theory methodology. Participants were recruited from two IAPT services in the National Health Service (NHS), which were part of the same Mental Health Trust. Ten PWPs were interviewed via videoconferencing using semi-structured interviews.
Results:
An explanatory model of resilience in PWPs encompassed three phases: the experience of work-related challenges, the connection with their values and the related appraisal of adversity in resilient ways, and the implementation of effective coping strategies.
Conclusions:
The model highlights that PWPs develop resilience through values-based sensemaking and by proactively engaging in effective coping mechanisms. This study contributes to the current understanding of the process of resilience in PWPs. More research is needed to explore the developmental processes underlying PWPs’ resilience. The implications of the findings in relation to existing conceptualisations of resilience, staff wellbeing and retention are explored. Recommendations for future research are also given.
This chapter advocates further advancing qualitative research methods by creating tools to investigate digital traces of digital phenomena. It specifically focuses on large-scale textual datasets and shows how interactive visualization can be used to augment qualitative researchers’ capabilities to theorize from trace data. The approach is grounded on prior work in sense-making, visual analytics and interactive visualization, and shows how tasks enabled by visualization systems can be synergistically integrated with the qualitative research process. Finally, these principles are applied with several open-source text mining and interactive visualization systems. The chapter aims to stimulate further interest and provide specific guidelines for developing and expanding the repertoire of open-source systems for qualitative research.
The digitalization of business organizations and of society in general has opened up the possibility of researching behaviours using large volumes of digital traces and electronic texts that capture behaviours and attitudes in a broad range of natural settings. How is the availability of such data changing the nature of qualitative, specifically interpretive, research and are computational approaches becoming the essence of such research? This chapter briefly examines this issue by considering the potential impacts of digital data on key themes associated with research, those of induction, deduction and meaning. It highlights some of the ‘nascent myths’ associated with the digitalization of qualitative research. The chapter concludes that while the changes in the nature of data present exciting opportunities for qualitative, interpretive researchers to engage with computational approaches in the form of mixed-methods studies, it is not believed they will become the sine qua non of qualitative information systems research in the foreseeable future.
In this chapter, we will discuss the “big four” approaches to qualitative analysis – qualitative content analysis, thematic analysis, grounded theory, and discourse analysis – before briefly describing four additional commonly used approaches. Some of these approaches are empirical, either theory-driven or inductive, identifying observable concepts in the data. In others, research is from a social constructionist perspective, incorporating the researcher’s interpretation as an essential part of the analysis. Some methods, such as thematic analysis, can be used for either approach. This epistemological range means that, as with quantitative analyses, it is essential to select the appropriate method for analyzing the data, and the rigorous procedures involved in qualitative methodology must be followed meticulously.
The objective of this qualitative assessment, utilising the constant comparative method, was to identify satisfiers and dissatisfiers that influence paediatric cardiac ICU nurse retention and recognise areas for improvement. Interviews for this study were performed in a single, large academic children’s hospital from March of 2020 through July of 2020. Each bedside paediatric cardiac ICU nurse underwent a single semi-structured interview. Among 12 interviews, four satisfiers were identified: paediatric cardiac ICU patient population, paediatric cardiac ICU care team, personal accomplishment, and respect. Four dissatisfiers were identified: moral distress, fear, poor team dynamics, and disrespect. Through this process of inquiry, grounded theory was developed regarding strategies to improve paediatric cardiac ICU nurse retention. Tactics outlined here should be used to support retention in the unique environment of the paediatric cardiac ICU.
The ways in which children understand dying and death remain poorly understood; most studies have been carried out with samples other than persons with an illness. The objective of this study was to understand the process by which children directly involved with life-limiting conditions understand dying and death.
Methods
This qualitative study obtained interview data from N = 44 5–18-year-old children in the USA, Haiti, and Uganda who were pediatric palliative care patients or siblings of patients. Of these, 32 were children with a serious condition and 12 were siblings of a child with a serious condition. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, verified, and analyzed using grounded theory methodology.
Results
Loss of normalcy and of relationships emerged as central themes described by both ill children and siblings. Resilience, altruism, and spirituality had a bidirectional relationship with loss, being strategies to manage both losses and anticipated death, but also being affected by losses. Resiliency and spirituality, but not altruism, had a bidirectional relationship with anticipating death. Themes were consistent across the 3 samples, although the beliefs and behaviors expressing them varied by country.
Significance of results
This study partially fills an identified gap in research knowledge about ways in which children in 3 nations understand dying and death. While children often lack an adult vocabulary to express thoughts about dying and death, results show that they are thinking about these topics. A proactive approach to address issues is warranted, and the data identify themes of concern to children.
When doing classical fieldwork, ethnographers spend time in a foreign culture and try to describe this culture in a way that makes strange or unusual features understandable for their readers. It is a way to help addressees to see their own culture from a new perspective. The purpose of this chapter is to show how applied research can help to identify problems in society and professions and how it contributes to providing solutions by using the media linguistics toolbox. The chapter introduces some research frameworks, structures of various methods, and theoretical concepts. Furthermore, it aims to explain why the combination of linguistic and ethnographic frameworks is especially useful for finding out what people actually do when interacting in the context of digital media. The section on digital ethnography shows how doing research across offline and online spaces can broaden the understanding of the complexities of our contemporary world. Finally, the chapter introduces methods to generalize findings from ethnographic case studies systematically.
Climate change is profoundly modifying the earth’s environment, making certain territories uninhabitable. Faced with this known phenomenon, this article outlines a research approach for assessing the law’s role in encouraging states to preemptively protect individuals who live in deteriorating territories, notably by enabling mobility. The question is, however, far from simple, insofar as most of the ways to adapt to climate change—and particularly mobility, which has important human and social implications—require profound societal choices that anthropology has the tools to study. I therefore accompany my legal research with an anthropological approach centered around ethnography conducted at three sites—France, Guadeloupe, Senegal—where state-sponsored mobility is either being considered or already being used as an option to confront the progressive disappearance of land that is being swept away by the sea.
This study aims to explore a public volunteer’s hospital response model in natural disasters in Iran.
Methods:
This study employed grounded theory using the Strauss and Corbin 2008 method and data analysis was carried out in three steps, namely open, axial, and selective coding. The present qualitative study was done using semi-structured interviews with 36 participants who were on two levels and with different experiences in responding to emergencies and disasters as “public volunteers” and “experts”. National and local experts were comprised of professors in the field of disaster management, hospital managers, Red Crescent experts, staff and managers of Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
Results:
The main concept of the paradigm model was “policy gap and inefficiency” in the management of public volunteers, which was rooted in political factions, ethnicity, regulations, and elites. The policy gap and inefficiency led to chaos and “crises over crises.” Overcoming the policy gap will result in hospital disaster resilience. Meanwhile, the model covered the causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences in relation to the public volunteers’ hospital response phase.
Conclusions:
The current public volunteers’ hospital in Iran suffered from the lack of a coherent, comprehensive, and forward-looking plan for their response. The most important beneficiaries of this paradigm model will be for health policy-makers, to clarify the main culprits of creating policy gap and inefficiency in Iran and other countries with a similar context. It can guide the decision-makings in upstream documents on the public volunteers. Further research should carried out to improve the understanding of the supportive legal framework, building the culture of volunteering, and enhancing volunteers’ retention rate.