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The coda draws out the implications of modernist physiognomy for our contemporary moment. As we move from nineteenth-century physiognomy to modernist physiognomy, we encounter more minimalist descriptions of faces – facial sketches, outlines. We encounter faces reduced to a minimalist form. This form is taken up by contemporary facial recognition technologies. Across the scholarly literature on facial recognition technologies, there is a growing awareness of bias: technology is biased because training sets are biased. As Cathy O’Neil writes, “data embeds the dark past.” At the conclusion of this book, the coda frames its contribution to the call issued by Soshana Zuboff in Surveillance Capitalism: “If the digital future is to be our home, then it is we who must make it so.” This book will have aimed to give historicized substance to a fragment of this past: algorithmic data embeds the long history of the face, including elements of modernist physiognomy.

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Coda

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Coda

Summary