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2 results

  • Chapter 32 - Cerebral Palsy Arising from Events in Labour

  • Edited by Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London
  • Book:
    Best Practice in Labour and Delivery
    Published online:
    16 October 2025
    Print publication:
    06 November 2025, pp 408-418

  • Summary

    Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a heterogeneous group of neurological conditions appearing in early childhood, causing permanent motor dysfunction, and affecting muscle tone, posture or movement. These conditions are caused by abnormalities of the developing fetal or infant brain and are non-progressive in nature. They are often accompanied by cognitive and sensory impairments. While forms such as spastic quadriplegia and dyskinesia are notably associated with fetal hypoxia, existing evidence indicates that intrapartum events contribute to only 10–20% of all CP cases. Establishing a causal relationship between CP and events arising during labour requires multiple criteria to be met. Recent advancements in neuroimaging and diagnostic laboratory techniques have shed some light on the diverse pathways leading to brain injury. However, further research is still necessary to evaluate the impact of intrapartum fetal monitoring and obstetric interventions on the incidence of CP.

  • 21 - Cerebral palsy

  • from Part II - Neurological diseases
  • Albert Hofman, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Richard Mayeux, Columbia University, New York
  • Book:
    Investigating Neurological Disease
    Published online:
    29 September 2009
    Print publication:
    30 August 2001, pp 281-290

  • Summary

    Cerebral palsy (CP) may be categorized into its clinical subtypes (spastic quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia; dyskinetic or ataxic forms, and mixed), by severity. It may be further grouped according to whether or not etiology is considered known through neuroimaging, chromosomal, metabolic, or other evidence. The hypothesis that birth asphyxia is a major cause of CP has not led to the development of therapies producing a net decrease in CP. Known risk factors for CP in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants differ somewhat from those in term babies. The diagnosis of CP rests on identification of abnormalities of tone, reflexes, and posture, as assessed after the first year of life and preferably not before age 3 years; earlier diagnostic assessments are unstable, especially in children born prematurely. The goals of intervention in CP are to improve function, prevent deformities and discomfort, and make care easier.