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After outlining the history of The Villages from its origins as a trailer park in the late 1960s to its present status, this chapter examines the factors behind its success. This discussion covers the unique master planning of the community, the extensive variety of leisure activities available to residents, and the population’s relative homogeneity. By distinguishing between the place and its residents, the chapter also reviews previous research on The Villages and identifies the gaps in the existing knowledge that this book aims to fill.
Departing from the distinctions among retirement communities, "aging in place," and the newer concept of "aging in community," this chapter presents a definition and typology of retirement communities along with a brief history of these communities in the US. It then offers a literature review on key topics: (a) transitioning into a retirement community, (b) adjusting to and aging within a retirement community, and (c) the well-being of residents in these communities.
Within disciplines that aim to understand past cultures by studying the objects they made, research methodologies can move between example-based object-specific investigations and whole-of-corpus data-driven analyses. And when the count of extant objects is relatively small, every single individual object has the potential to uniquely contribute to new knowledge or transform existing paradigms. But how does a researcher know how many objects there are, where they are, how they have been studied and written about in the past, and which may be awaiting closer examination? This article introduces an object-literature framework that connects objects to the literature that mention them and creates an error-corrected resource that enables the tracing of objects through published literature and through time. The specific example described here applies the framework to khipus (knotted-cord recording devices from the Andes), to create the “khipu-biblio cross-reference.” Key findings include comprehending the pattern of khipu publications, identifying understudied khipus, and updating the count of known khipus and their locations. By applying the framework to any collection of objects, researchers and collections teams can draw substantial benefits and accelerate the generation of new knowledge.
In this chapter, we offer an overview of the rich history of research on careers and career counseling. We review theories throughout history starting from the late nineteenth century to modern theories of work. We also discuss changes in theories of careers and vocation in light of technology and globalization in the twenty-first century. This chapter provides the foundational overview of the scholarly literature, thus setting the stage for the narratives in the bulk of the book.
With a growing body of research exploring how employees perceive and respond to human resource management (HRM) practices, the strategic HRM field faces the challenge of assessing how insights have evolved and which theoretical perspectives have shaped them. This study presents a bibliometric review of 292 empirical research on employee perceptions of HRM practices, focusing on (1) the major research interests explored, (2) the theoretical perspectives applied, and (3) their evolution over the last 25 years. The analysis reveals a reoccurring emphasis on performance-oriented variables, such as engagement, suggesting a tendency to rely on quantifiable outcomes while sidelining alternative constructs like employee well-being. It also highlights the dominance of a limited set of theoretical perspectives commonly applied, with alternative perspectives remaining underutilised. By mapping how topical areas and theories intersect, this study refines the classification of theoretical perspectives and contributes to a more critical understanding of the strategic HRM field. Potential implications are discussed to outline actionable recommendations for future research.
To evaluate and synthesize research that has investigated interventions to train registered health professionals to effectively communicate with patients in acute settings who are establishing their goals of care, to develop an understanding of current practices and their effectiveness.
Design
Integrative review.
Methods
Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and ProQuest, searched from the date each database was available to December 2023. Forty-seven (n = 47) research studies investigating interventions to train registered health professionals to effectively communicate with patients in acute settings who are establishing their goals of care were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Framework. Minimum essential criteria and scores were agreed prior to appraisal.
Results
Twenty-eight studies were excluded due to methodological quality. The 19 studies included comprised quasi experimental (n = 9), qualitative (n = 4), RCT (n = 2), text and opinion (n = 1), and mixed methods (n = 3). From these included studies 4 themes with embedded sub-themes were derived: (a) delivery of training programs, (b) clinician outcomes, (c) patient outcomes, and (d) system outcomes.
Significance of the results
Communication training is essential and beneficial however its effectiveness depends on overcoming existing barriers, providing continuous learning opportunities, and embedding these into clinical practice. Addressing these factors will ensure that clinicians and healthcare organizations can improve patient and system outcomes. When clinicians and organizations prioritize regular, context-specific communication training, which promotes the use of conversation guides and available technologies, Goals of Patient Care conversations are more likely to be embedded in practice, promoting effective and patient-centered communication.
A growing experimental literature studies the endogenous choice of institutions to solve cooperation problems arising in prisoners’ dilemmas, public goods games, and common pool resource games. Participants in these experiments have the opportunity to influence the rules of the game before they play the game. In this paper, we review the experimental literature of the last 20 years on the choice of institutions and describe what has been learned about the quality and the determinants of institutional choice. Cooperative subjects and subjects with optimistic beliefs about others often vote in favor of the institution. Almost all institutions improve cooperation if they are implemented, but they are not always implemented by the players. Institutional costs, remaining free-riding incentives, and a lack of learning opportunities are identified as the most important barriers. Unresolved cooperation problems, like global climate change, are often characterized by these barriers. The experimental results also show that cooperation tends to be higher under endogenously chosen institutions than exogenously imposed institutions. However, a significant share of players fails to implement the institution and they often perform poorly, which is why we cannot conclude that letting people choose is better than enforcing institutions from outside.
Meta-analysis is the quantitative analysis of results of a research literature. Typically, meta-analysis is paired with a systematic review that fully documents the search process, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and study characteristics. A key feature of meta-analysis is the calculation of effect sizes – metric-free indices of study outcome that allow the mathematical combination of effects across studies. The methodological literature on meta-analysis has grown rapidly in recent years, yielding an abundance of resources and sophisticated analytic techniques. These developments are improvements to the field but can also be overwhelming to new aspiring meta-analysts. This chapter therefore aims to demystify some of that complexity, offering conceptual explanations instead of mathematical formulas. We aim to help readers who have not conducted a meta-analysis before to get started, as well as to help those who simply want to be intelligent consumers of published meta-analyses.
This semi-systematic literature review examines signed language corpus research in the Nordic countries, with a quantitative and qualitative assessment of corpus research. The article first describes some critical components and functionalities of signed language corpora. It then outlines the evolution of Nordic corpus research, highlighting Sweden’s pioneering role and subsequent developments in Finland and Norway. The findings suggest a progression from method-focused publications to those exploring linguistic phenomena within and across (signed) languages. Although the number of research publications is modest, there is a discernible shift towards comparative studies and applications in signed language teaching and learning.
The emergence of smart Product-Service Systems (smart PSS) presents numerous challenges for enterprises. The complexity of designing smart PSS adds to the need for consistent support for manufacturers. Both academia and practitioners highlight the importance of methodological support for successful development of smart PSS. This paper therefore investigates the suitability of existing support for smart PSS. Based on a systematic literature review, 17 support methods are identified and their key characteristics are discussed in the context of real PSS use cases.
This paper presents a mapping of theory use in the design discipline based on the corpus of the published ICED and DESIGN conference papers since 2010. We searched the resulting 4,451 papers for occurrences of theories and compared them with an existing ontology of named theories through natural language processing (NLP). The results yielded a variety of analyses, illustrating, for example, the most-used theories and which disciplines these theories stem from. This paper presents a rich overview of the theories relevant to the design discipline and a novel approach to bibliometric analyses.
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), children and families face a multitude of risk factors for mental health and well-being. These risks are even further exacerbated in humanitarian emergencies. However, access to effective mental health services in such settings is severely limited, leading to a large mental health treatment gap. Middle childhood (5–12 years) is a crucial period for human development during which symptoms of emotional distress often emerge, with one in three mental disorders developing prior to age 14. However, there is little evidence of effective psychological interventions for children in this developmental stage, and suitable for implementation within LMICs and humanitarian emergencies. We conducted this evidence review to inform the development of a new intervention package based on existing best practice for this age group, drawing insights from both global and LMIC resources. Our review synthesizes the findings of 52 intervention studies from LMICs and humanitarian settings; 53 existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering both LMICs and high-income countries, and 15 technical guidelines. Overall, there is limited high-quality evidence from which to draw recommendations for this age group; however, some promising intervention approaches were identified for children experiencing externalizing and internalizing symptoms, traumatic stress and a combination of difficulties. Several effective interventions utilize cognitive-behavioral techniques for children, in either group or individual format, and incorporate caregiver skills training into treatment, although the findings are mixed. Most evaluated interventions use specialists as delivery agents and are lengthy, which poses challenges for scale-up in settings where financial and human resources are scarce. These findings will inform the development of new psychological interventions for children in this age group with emotional and behavioral difficulties.
The relationship between culture and creativity has sparked the interest of researchers for decades. Although researchers have attempted to establish a connection between culture and creativity, the precise relationship between the two remains ambiguous. The current paper examined extant literature on the subject matter and synthesized the relations between culture and creativity in ideation over the past twenty years. The present study expounds upon the utilized samples, measures implemented to assess creativity and culture, and the study results.
Productive scholars prioritize research and use productive research approaches. How else could some produce ten or more publications per year and hundreds over their career? Productive scholars spend about half their work days focused on research, usually preserving the morning hours for research and writing, because those are their top priority and scholars want to give them their full attention when they are most alert. Productive scholars rarely publish alone. They collaborate on nearly 90 percent of their publications. Benefits of collaboration include the division of labor, multiple viewpoints, quicker outputs, and working on several projects simultaneously. Productive scholars typically juggle a half-dozen projects or more, in various phases of completion. They often seek grants that help them do more and better research. They also find publication opportunities by occasionally mining existing data sets, conducting meta-analyses, and composing literature reviews and conceptual pieces. Their research is marked by good research questions that are feasible to carry out with simple but powerful research designs. Productive scholars are self-regulatory, carefully monitoring progress and adjusting their approach as needed. Still, they occasionally fail, as all do. They are not disheartened, knowing that failure is their catalyst and success guide.
The teaching-learning process, both in general and in the specialty of Music Education, has evolved and its explanatory models have become increasingly complex. In view of current challenges, it is relevant to analyse the elements that are considered necessary to train music teachers to become competent professionals. This study identifies characteristics found in specialised Spanish and international scientific literature on teaching-learning processes in music teacher education, referring to their current state as well as to desirable developments and future prospects. Although a certain overlap among emergent categories in Spain and those in other countries can be observed, we also found differences of degree, as well as interesting divergences.
This article presents a systematic literature review of publications from 2014 to 2021 using “archaeological site” and “climate change” as keywords, in addition to several terms representing forms of stakeholder engagement. Articles were thematically coded to explore trends at the intersection of climate change, archaeology, and local and Traditional stakeholders. Results show that nearly half of the selected publications did not include local and Traditional stakeholder engagement in studies related to climate adaptation planning for archaeological sites. Synthesis of the results with insights gained from other literature on decolonizing archaeology showed that potential reasons for this gap include (1) the academic publishing culture, (2) archaeology as a predominantly Western discipline, and (3) increasingly available tools for climate change adaptation planning for archaeological sites. This article calls on the academic community to consider holistic stewardship using a landscape approach and to use climate change adaptation planning to elevate local and Traditional stakeholder input and values.
Despite increased interest in corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) among business scholars, the current research is still fragmented, its findings lacking a nuanced understanding. We conduct a systematic literature review of 173 journal articles on CSI published in the field of business and synthesize insights regarding the antecedents, consequences, and mechanisms of CSI. We begin by providing a clear definition, distinct types, and the measurement methods of CSI. Then, we provide a comprehensive research framework that demonstrates the three key components of CSI research: antecedent, consequence, and moderating. Building on this, we identify additional specific research methods for each component and apply them to assess and analyze the existing research findings and research gaps concerning CSI. We suggest that scholars pay more attention to (a) the impact of stakeholders on CSI behavior, (b) the different impacts of CSI on firm performance, (c) the relationship among CSI, corporate social responsibility, and firm performance, (d) CSI in the context of emerging economies, and (e) measuring CSI.
Engineering design has proven to be a rich context for applying artificial intelligence (AI) methods, but a categorization of such methods applied in AI-based design research works seems to be lacking. This paper presents a focused literature review of AI-based methods mapped to the different stages of the engineering design process and describes how these methods assist the design process. We surveyed 108 AI-based engineering design papers from peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings and mapped their contribution to five stages of the engineering design process. We categorized seven AI-based methods in our dataset. Our literature study indicated that most AI-based design research works are targeted at the conceptual and preliminary design stages. Given the open-ended, ambiguous nature of these early stages, these results are unexpected. We conjecture that this is likely a result of several factors, including the iterative nature of design tasks in these stages, the availability of open design data repositories, and the inclination to use AI for processing computationally intensive tasks, like those in these stages. Our study also indicated that these methods support designers by synthesizing and/or analyzing design data, concepts, and models in the design stages. This literature review aims to provide readers with an informative mapping of different AI tools to engineering design stages and to potentially motivate engineers, design researchers, and students to understand the current state-of-the-art and identify opportunities for applying AI applications in engineering design.
Despite the benefits that banks could get from implementing distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), few banks have focused on making full use of it. According to operational experience, DLTs – which are blockchain based in this case – are frequently employed at the level of cryptocurrencies but are seldom used when it comes to banking applications. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the current state of the academic literature on implementing DLT in the banking sector. By providing a comprehensive overview of DLT adoption in the banking sector, this study can contribute to the development of a better understanding of DLT and its potential to transform the banking industry.
In the past decades, numerous publications have been addressing questions of national and European Identity on the micro level. Only few shed light on the contents that constitute these identities in the minds of Europeans. As different meanings of national and European identity are connected to different consequences such as hostile attitudes toward immigrants or Euroskepticism, reviewing attempts to measure these contents in existing cross-national surveys seems to be promising. This research note summarizes relevant literature on whether and which different forms of national and European identity have been found empirically, which specific contents constitute them, and which determinants and consequences of them are relevant. By comparing articles relying on cross-national survey data since 1995, it will be shown that the field of forms of national and European identity involves different operationalizations and numerous methodological concerns. This leads to considerations for further research in the field.