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The standardisation of English spelling is a complex process which started in late Middle English and extended throughout the early modern period. This chapter focuses on the initial stages in the fifteenth century. After an overview of the linguistic and socio-historical contexts, the models and approaches prevailing from the mid twentieth century are examined. Special attention is given to the adoption of key sociolinguistic conceps in recent research projects ―focusing, levelling, koineisation and supralocalisation― and to the application of the historical sociolinguistic methodology as a clear way forward in the analysis and interpretation of this issue.