To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
How can we make up our minds on whether or not international organizations are different from the sum of their parts? Taking a step back from doctrinal analysis, this chapter explores how the challenges that international lawyers have faced in that regard correspond to broader themes in philosophical discourse on ontological reductionism. This chapter suggests that questions of existence are inherently relative in the sense that they only make sense when considered in relation to other entities that are already admitted as non-redundant. Thus, the key to assessing the distinctiveness of international organizations is to first uncover the rationale that international law employs in buttressing their members as ‘real’ entities and then examine whether it can be equally applied to international organizations.
In this book, Jonathan Valk asks a deceptively simple question: What did it mean to be Assyrian in the second millennium bce? Extraordinary evidence from Assyrian society across this millennium enables an answer to this question. The evidence includes tens of thousands of letters and legal texts from an Assyrian merchant diaspora in what is now modern Turkey, as well as thousands of administrative documents and bombastic royal inscriptions associated with the Assyrian state. Valk develops a new theory of social categories that facilitates an understanding of how collective identities work. Applying this theoretical framework to the so-called Old and Middle Assyrian periods, he pieces together the contours of Assyrian society in each period, as revealed in the abundance of primary evidence, and explores the evolving construction of Assyrian identity as well. Valk's study demonstrates how changing historical circumstances condition identity and society, and that the meaning we assign to identities is ever in flux.
Latinas and Asian American women are often labeled “women of color” (WOC). But taking up the identity of WOC is a choice; not all Latinas and Asian American women self-identify as WOC. Building on intersectionality theory and recent work on “of color” identities, we propose that WOC identification has the potential to translate into broader political alliances with other marginalized groups. We evaluate this expectation with data from the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS). We added a survey question about self-identification as WOC to the 2020 CMPS, making research possible about the nature and implications of the WOC ID. We theorize that Latinas and Asian American women who self-identify as WOC will be more supportive of policies that disproportionately benefit marginalized outgroups. We find evidence that WOC ID is positively related to supporting these policies, as hypothesized. We also investigate whether racial resentment limits the effects of WOC ID and discuss the implications. We argue that this study demonstrates the significance of the WOC identity and its role in the creation of political coalitions.
El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la relación entre humanos y animales a lo largo del tiempo. En este contexto, buscamos puntualmente comprender el papel de estos últimos en los procesos de construcción identitaria de los grupos humanos de Sierras Centrales (Córdoba, centro de Argentina). Para ello, proponemos una perspectiva que integre herramientas metodológicas de la etnozoología, la historia y la arqueología. Desde el presente, abordamos el conocimiento ecológico local de las comunidades rurales, donde muchas familias llevan como apelativo el nombre de algún animal. En tanto, indagamos en los vínculos identificados en los documentos y trabajos históricos, lo que habilita rastrear cambios y continuidades de algunas prácticas sociales donde fueron mencionados los animales. Consideramos que la conjunción de estas líneas posibilita repensar la presencia de estos seres en las dinámicas sociales de las comunidades humanas del período Tardío (ca. 700-1550 dC), con base en el análisis de la iconografía zoomorfa del arte rupestre. La evidencia recuperada nos habilita a reconocer la continuidad del diálogo entre personas y animales como central en las dinámicas sociales, y cómo sus diferentes expresiones identitarias tuvieron lugar en distintos momentos históricos en las regiones objeto de estudio.
This chapter argues that Michael Field was not just a pseudonym but also an imaginative construct that enabled Bradley and Cooper’s poetic output. It is productive to compare the Michael Field persona to poetry: both are creative genres with specific formal properties and communicative modes. Bradley and Cooper revised inherited literary forms in their reimagined verse dramas, sonnets, masques, and Elizabethan-style songs. Similarly, Bradley and Cooper remake inherited identity categories and reform subjectivity in creating a masculine singular avatar. Playing with form is a way for Bradley and Cooper to express what they think and feel, as well as who they are. This chapter addresses why Bradley and Cooper created an alternate artistic identity, how their pseudonyms evolved to become Michael Field, and the ways in which understanding Bradley and Cooper’s carefully constructed poetic persona can help scholars and readers understand their ideas about gender, sex, art, identity, and autonomy.
This chapter proposes new readings of the poems of Whym Chow: Flame of Love based on ideas of unconventional domesticity, alternative divinity, and queer, chosen families. The chapter explores the ways in which animal characteristics disrupt and subvert conventional poetic form and religious teachings in the volume, specifically elegy and Catholicism. It also focuses on connections between Michael Field’s writing and animal poetry found in the work of other fin-de-siècle and modernist writers. The chapter proposes that these poems can and should be celebrated for their eccentricity, oddity, and queerness rather than overlooked and marginalised within Michael Field’s oeuvre.
The growth of central polynomials for matrix algebras over a field of characteristic zero was first studied by Regev in $2016$. This problem can be generalized by analyzing the behavior of the dimension $c_n^z(A)$ of the space of multilinear polynomials of degree n modulo the central polynomials of an algebra A. In $2018$, Giambruno and Zaicev established the existence of the limit $\lim \limits _{n \to \infty }\sqrt [n]{c_n^{z}(A)}.$ In this article, we extend this framework to superalgebras equipped with a superinvolution, proving both the existence and the finiteness of the corresponding limit.
This Element provides readers with an overview of major approaches, concepts, and research on language teacher emotions (LTE) along with related pedagogical approaches. It begins by situating LTE within the context of the affective turn in language education. The discussion then moves through psycho-cognitive approaches, followed by critical perspectives on LTE, highlighting key concepts and research contributions within each framework. The Element next explores pedagogical approaches to LTE, offering practices that can be used in teacher education programs alongside a set of reflective questions that foster critical inquiry on emotions among language teachers. Finally, it addresses ethical concerns and outlines future directions for LTE research.
Logical inferentialists have expected identity to be susceptible of harmonious introduction and elimination rules in natural deduction. While Read and Klev have proposed rules they argue are harmonious, Griffiths and Ahmed have criticized these rules as insufficient for harmony. These critics, moreover, suggest that no harmonious rules are forthcoming. We argue that these critics are correct: the logical inferentialist should abandon hope for harmonious rules for identity. The paper analyzes the three major uses of identity in presumed-logical languages: variable coordination, definitional substitution, and co-reference. We show that identity qua variable coordination is not logical by providing a harmonious natural-deduction system that captures this use through the quantifiers. We then argue that identity qua definitional substitution or co-reference faces a dilemma: either its rules are harmonious but they obscure its actual use in inference, or its rules are not harmonious but they make its actual use in inference plain. We conclude that the inferentialist may have harmonious rules for identity only by disrespecting its inferential use.
Part I is an eclectic collection of social work stories from the field. It seeks to show how important stories are, as they fundamentally tell of situated experiences and how these shape our relationships towards others. Part I shows the different ways that stories might be told, and that every story has multiple threads, is told from a particular point of view, and is not always linear and with an ending. In other words, many stories are unfinished and therefore are partial stories. Part I helps us reflect deeply on social work practices that may have the potential to “give life” to others by creating an environment that supports and encourages individuals to-be and to-share aspects of themselves. Additionally, to disclose those thoughts, feelings, and actions that matter to them to significant others, especially in times of change. Part I suggests that an appropriate social work mindset is to try to see the true and the good, the better and the possible in each practice relationship and situation. This is undeniably challenging. More broadly, this part of the book illuminates social work in uncertain, ambiguous, chaotic, disrupted, and volatile times.
The concept of ethnicity has been largely omitted from recent interpretational models in European prehistoric archaeology. However, eagerness to avoid the problems associated with its past uses has left us with difficulties in talking about important aspects of collective identities in the past. This has become particularly clear as increasing attention has turned to understanding processes of migration and their underlying social dynamics. Here, we argue that a concept of ethnicity cast along the lines of Rogers Brubaker’s ‘ethnicity without groups’ provides us with a possibility to avoid the conceptual baggage of essentialist and static views of ethnic identities. Instead, it stresses the dynamic nature of collective identities and the social and political use of ethnicity. This is especially useful, we argue, for the study of prehistory and in periods of profound change, such as situations of migration. We use the historical Migration Period as a foil to discuss the Early Neolithic Linearbandkeramik and the third millennium B.C. Corded Ware and Bell Beaker phenomena to demonstrate how group-making and ethnicity formed and were transformed during migration processes.
The death of Mahsa Jina Amini at the hands of the Iranian police in September 2022 triggered protests both within Iran and across the global Iranian diaspora. This article explores how representations of collective memory and identity were articulated by the Iranian diaspora in Sweden at that time, exploring the concepts of memory, nostalgia, and identity, among others, through a constructionist framework. Key findings show hope as a central theme in diasporic engagement with the Woman, Life, Freedom protests, expressed as a desire for revolution and potential return to a liberated and democratic Iran. This study underscores the complex, multifaceted nature of diasporic activism, shaped by contested memories, subject-positions derived from lived experience and political interests, and historic and ongoing ideological tensions.
Since the advent of Web 2.0, the interaction of user-generated content on participatory platforms has democratized content creation and reshaped communication, identity, authority, and knowledge across various fields, from health to politics, amid the post-truth phenomena. This timely book provides essential insights into the transformative effects of the evolving digital landscape. It gives a comprehensive analysis of how areas such as health, politics, and language ideology have been influenced by digital communication, and explores how online spaces have amplified minority voices, promoting inclusion and representation, while also addressing the backlash that challenges human rights associated with Internet use and the free exchange of information. The book also examines the intersection of law and digital crime, revealing the legal challenges posed by the online world. As our understanding of identity, knowledge, and authority increasingly intersects with Generative AI, it also discusses the impact of intelligent tools and the challenges they present.
As a means for both the construction and communication of social identity in diverse human groups worldwide, objects of personal adornment can help to explain some prehistoric lifeways and beliefs. This study examines the materials and manufacture traces of whole and fragmentary pendants found in association with human burials at the Early Period (c. 4200 cal BC–cal AD 250) Ortiz site in south-western Puerto Rico. Using data from microscopy, elemental analysis and petrography, the authors propose that these pendants were a tangible manifestation of group identity, rooted in a sense of localised belonging, which persisted over almost a millennium.
Language learning is often regarded as beneficial for developing a higher level of empathy and cultural appreciation. When we connect with people from a different linguistic background than ours, we can catch a glimpse of the rich cultural and linguistic mosaic that makes up our world – and incorporate these insights into our perspective of humanity. We also recognize that there are certain compromises that EFL speakers face when they make English their dominant day-to-day means of communication. One is the loss of proficiency in their native language, which can include forgetting words and code-switching to English; the second is a change in identity as we adapt our sense of self to each language we speak. Examining these crises related to language and identity can help us map out a future for how we want to communicate – and for how language learning and language technologies can help us realize our vision.
This article examines the little-known experiences of children born of Chinese mothers and Japanese fathers who had consensual relationships during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War in China, with a specific focus on those who migrated to Japan after 1972. To understand how and why they—in their own words—“returned” to their “homeland,” this article analyzes historical circumstances as well as Sino-Japanese children’s experiences, identities, and belonging in comparison with other groups of “children born of war” in different historical and geopolitical settings. Their long-neglected stories point to a missing part in narratives of the 8-year war.
This chapter provides a historical grounding and introduction to rap – the lyrical element of hip-hop – as the genre with which we identify it today. It details the origins and the multicultural nature of the deep history that rap carries in its words and rhythms, blending cultural influences and practices across the continents, stretching as far back as the seventeenth century. For such a contemporary and relevant form of music, rap has deep and widespread roots, both musical and lyrical. The chapter therefore tackles some of the complex questions that arise regarding the genre’s changing, and often contested, musical and political identity, as well as its potential to represent the plethora of different communities that claim it as their own. Is rap a vessel for otherwise unheard voices? Does it represent all that came together to make it what it is today, or have these identities shifted over time and space? The chapter concludes with a case study of French rap as an example of dialogue between rap, politics, and cultural representation.
A brooch found in a mid-first-century AD context at the Roman port of Berenike, on the Red Sea coast of Egypt, represents the southernmost find of an Aucissa-type fibula. The item reflects the identity of its wearer, possibly a Roman soldier, for whom it may have held sentimental value.
Why do some politicians face greater backlash for using insensitive language against identity groups while others do not? Existing explanations focus either on the content of speech or the context in which it occurs. In this article, we propose an integrated framework that considers both and test it using a preregistered conjoint survey on a national U.S. sample. Our findings provide partial support for our expectations. Subjects react most negatively to insensitive speech when the target belongs to their own identity group, when aggravating circumstances exist, and when politicians are of an opposing political party. Our article extends growing scholarship on speech scandals, which has largely explained the fates of politicians as a function of a small number of causative variables in isolation.