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1. What does the term ‘healing journey’ mean to you? 2. In what ways do you currently feel social work is both a gift and a burden? 3. What lessons does Gloria’s story teach us about who is responsible for what? 4. What is the difference for you (if any) between disability and dis Ability?
One of the most interesting, and rapid, recent changes in live stand-up comedy is the increased number of disabled comedians performing. This chapter examines the performances of two disabled comedians – Laurence Clark and Rosie Jones – to explore how their performances may be viewed as social justice comedy through an analysis of the techniques used, and themes explored, in their performances. The chapter begins by considering the ways in which disability has been represented in comedy across history. Attention then shifts to how stand-up comedy can be considered a tool for social justice. The focus then turns to the methodological framework used to gather and analyse performances by Laurence Clark and Rosie Jones, before examining how the techniques used, and themes explored, in their performances may have social justice potentials and impacts for disability and disabled people and how the limits to these potentials and impacts can be understood.
This chapter explores how the term ‘Chernobyl child’ expanded over time to encompass nearly all children from Belarus and Ukraine, categorized based on their perceived suffering and need for help. This classification, while useful for securing aid, often led to ethical dilemmas about who deserved assistance. Through specific examples, the chapter illustrates how this categorization not only shaped their experiences abroad but also influenced how they and others understood their identities. The chapter also delves into how these trips abroad served as a means for the children to cope with the trauma of the Chernobyl disaster. While these journeys opened their eyes to different cultures, they often involved significant emotional challenges, such as adjusting to unfamiliar environments and confronting the reality of their situation. These experiences, though difficult, played a crucial role in how the children processed their pasts and envisioned their futures. The chapter shows that, despite the challenges, the trips sometimes led to lasting relationships with host families, providing a complex blend of support and difficulty in dealing with their traumatic histories.
Chapter 2 explores an important premise which underlies this critique of the law: it examines the idea that disfigurement inequality is a problem which merits a legal response – namely the granting of protective rights under the Act. It concludes that, despite some uncomfortable distinctions, there is a compelling case for a legal response in this area. The nature of law’s current response is then laid out. Relevant parts of the international legal framework – including EU law, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (‘CRPD’) and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’) applying the European Convention on Human Rights – are explained by reference to the models of disability which implicitly inform them.
The so-called Holiness Code of Leviticus highlights the importance of ethical living if Israel is to be holy as God is holy. This chapter discusses the historical-critical arguments around the composition of the Holiness Code but focuses mainly on bridge Leviticus creates between the holiness of Israel’s tent and God’s tent. Ethical purity is as important as ritual purity in Leviticus and requires holiness in every aspect of Israel’s life.
The previous chapters have explored the teaching methodologies and concepts related to different forms of the Arts, as well as methodologies for integration and organisation. However, in addition to being able to teach the Arts, we need to have in place a system for evaluating the teaching process to ensure the outcomes and goals we wish to achieve are met for the learners. There has been a great deal of research to identify specific teaching practices that can improve children’s outcomes. This chapter does not intend to analyse the validity or otherwise of these outcomes, as these are mandated by the various examination and education boards. In part, this is because it is difficult to isolate any specific technique or learning skill that works for individuals because all children have unique and individual learning styles. For these reasons, the focus of recent research has been to isolate general characteristics. This chapter looks at the application of reflective learning tools to enhance teaching of the Arts, as well as inclusion and diversity in the classroom (specifically disability). Its focus, therefore, is to separate teaching from subjective assessment of teachers.
Functional impairment in daily activities, such as work and socializing, is part of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder and most anxiety disorders. Despite evidence that symptom severity and functional impairment are partially distinct, functional impairment is often overlooked. To assess whether functional impairment captures diagnostically relevant genetic liability beyond that of symptoms, we aimed to estimate the heritability of, and genetic correlations between, key measures of current depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and functional impairment.
Methods
In 17,130 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study, we analyzed total scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression symptoms), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (anxiety symptoms), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (functional impairment). Genome-wide association analyses were performed with REGENIE. Heritability was estimated using GCTA-GREML and genetic correlations with bivariate-GREML.
Results
The phenotypic correlations were moderate across the three measures (Pearson’s r = 0.50–0.69). All three scales were found to be under low but significant genetic influence (single-nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability [h2SNP] = 0.11–0.19) with high genetic correlations between them (rg = 0.79–0.87).
Conclusions
Among individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety from the GLAD Study, the genetic variants that underlie symptom severity largely overlap with those influencing functional impairment. This suggests that self-reported functional impairment, while clinically relevant for diagnosis and treatment outcomes, does not reflect substantial additional genetic liability beyond that captured by symptom-based measures of depression or anxiety.
This article is concerned with the history of eugenic sterilisation in Britain through the 1920s and 1930s. In this period, the Eugenics Society mounted an active but ultimately unsuccessful campaign to legalise the voluntary surgical sterilisation of various categories of people, including those deemed ‘mentally deficient’ or ‘defective’. We take as our explicit focus the propaganda produced and disseminated by the Eugenics Society as part of this campaign, and especially the various kinds of data mobilised therein. The parliamentary defeat of the Society’s Sterilisation Bill in July 1931 marks, we argue, a significant shift in the tactics of the campaign. Before this, the Eugenics Society framed sterilisation as a promising method for eradicating, or at least significantly reducing the incidence of, inherited ‘mental defect’. Subsequently, they came to emphasise the inequality of access to sterilisation between rich and poor, (re)positioning theirs as an egalitarian campaign aimed at extending a form of reproductive agency to the disadvantaged. These distinct phases of the campaign were each supported by different kinds of propaganda material, which in turn centred on very different types of data. As the campaign evolved, the numbers and quantitative rhetoric which typified earlier propaganda materials gave way to a more qualitative approach, which notably included the selective incorporation of the voices of people living with hereditary ‘defects’. In addition to exposing a rupture in the Eugenics Society’s propagandistic data practices, this episode underscores the need to further incorporate disabled dialogues and perspectives into our histories of eugenics.
The plays of Sean O’Casey are filled with aches and pains, debilitating diseases, and traumatic wounds. He was himself a disabled writer. Furthermore, his presentation of disease and disability is inseparable from his critique of class, militarism, and masculinist ideology. This chapter shows how O’Casey’s depictions of disability are more nuanced than they may at first appear. He does demonstrate an essentialist tendency to see female resilience as a triumph over the failures of male impairment, yet, in plays such as Juno and the Paycock and The Silver Tassie, O’Casey allows space for contrary readings that speak with relevance to contemporary understandings of disability.
This chapter replays the origin story of whiteness to better recover how Toni Morrison, in her field-defining Playing in the Dark (1992), identified whiteness’s hauntings by the twinned shadow of Blackness and disability. By rereading Morrison’s interpretation of Edgar Allan Poe’s 1838 The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, the chapter traces out how the critical study of whiteness needs to reevaluate and expand key ableist concepts and terms within the field lest it repeat and reinscribe disability oppression. Returning to Morrison’s foundational essay identifies interpretive strategies for a “crip abolitionist critique” that dismantles an entangled history of whiteness and disability. In its last section, the chapter then maps out this crip abolitionist methodology for whiteness studies through a reading of Victor LaValle’s 2012 novel The Devil in Silver, in which LaValle reimagines the white race traitor as an abolitionist caretaker.
This study presents the most recent data on the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to anxiety disorders across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990–2021, analysed by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI).
Methods:
We reported the burden of anxiety disorders using data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. The estimates of prevalence, DALYs, and YLDs are provided as numbers and age-standardised rates, accompanied by their 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Results:
In 2021, the age-standardised point prevalence of anxiety disorders in the region was 5.95 thousand, with an incidence rate of 883.4 per 100,000. The number of YLDs in 2021 reached 4.5 million. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of anxiety disorders increased significantly. Lebanon had the highest burden in 2021. Among both sexes, the 10–14 age group had the highest incidence rate, while the 15–19 age group had the highest prevalence and YLD rates. In 2021, most age groups in the MENA region had YLD rates that were higher than the global average.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to prevent and manage anxiety disorders. Ensuring accessible and affordable treatment options for all affected individuals is crucial. Governments should prioritise supporting programmes to effectively address mental health issues, given the unique socioeconomic and geopolitical challenges in the MENA region. By including effective preventive methods alongside treatment in healthcare strategies, the burden of anxiety disorders can be significantly reduced.
Disability is a common and universal human experience. Yet, people with disabilities (PWDs) are in poorer health and have less access to quality healthcare than their non-disabled peers. In fact, the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) designated PWDs as a health disparities population in 2023. This paper illustrates the application of translational science (TS) principles to overcoming roadblocks to reducing PWDs’ health disparities. Part I provides an overview of health disparities among PWDs and the recent designation – situating both within a TS framework. Part II summarizes literature on specific factors that contribute to PWDs’ exclusion from research, how these factors are reflected in background reports that impelled the designation of PWDs as a disparity population, and how the suggested steps to implement the designation reflect TS principles and its research agenda. Part III describes “Reducing Researcher Roadblocks to Including People with Disabilities in Research (D2/R3),” a TS solution to overcoming PWDs exclusion from research. D2/R3 is our institution’s Clinical and Translational Science Award research project – a mixed-methods study that targets research teams’ knowledge, attitudes, biases, and perceptions that contribution to under representation of persons with developmental disabilities in research.
In this chapter of Complex Ethics Consultations: Cases that Haunt Us, the, the author reflects on change in practice in end-of-life care and ethics consultation since the publication of the first edition. As society becomes increasingly diverse, it is important that clinical ethicists recognize that principlism and Western concepts of ethics do not serve all of the needs of the diverse populations and communities that seek care. These cases encourage us and others to stop, pause, and be curious. More often than not, we have time to foster dialogue, thoughtfully explore the consequences of potential pathways of our actions and give respect to the weightiness of death.
A fundamental task for you, as a teacher, is to get to know and understand the students you teach in the broad context of the school, community and society in which they live. By doing this, you will increase your awareness of the diverse backgrounds, experiences and needs of your students and their families. Knowledge and understanding will shape your teaching philosophy, influence your views and attitudes, and guide you in effectively teaching and supporting your students. This chapter aims to support you in answering the question: Who are my students? We will examine several theories to help you explore ways of viewing, understanding and thinking about teaching for diversity. Australian data and statistics, and teacher and student narratives, will provide you with a snapshot of today’s student cohort. This includes students from diverse family, religious, cultural, linguistic and socio-economic backgrounds, and those with a range of abilities, disabilities and orientations. You will gain insight into some of the impacts of mental health and complex trauma on children and young people and consider your role in fostering positive school experiences for all students.
This manuscript presents findings from a 2023 qualitative Indigenist research project examining disability service providers in Southeast Queensland that tailor services for Indigenous peoples with disabilities. Data were collected through yarning interviews with 14 organisations, including both Indigenous-managed and non-Indigenous-managed entities. The findings highlight distinct differences in approaches to cultural safety, with Indigenous-managed organisations demonstrating an Embedded Cultural Base (CB) model, wherein cultural safety is deeply integrated into service provision, decision-making, and organisational structures. These organisations reported high Indigenous staff representation and strong engagement with Indigenous peoples with disabilities, alongside proactive inclusivity extending to other diversity groups, including LGBTQIA+ communities and refugees. In contrast, non-Indigenous-managed organisations primarily employed Ad Hoc (AH) cultural safety approaches, incorporating cultural initiatives such as reconciliation action plans (RAPs) and cultural competency training, yet lacking the foundational integration seen in CB organisations. The research highlights the potential of Indigenous-led management strategies in fostering holistic, culturally safe, and flexible disability services. Aligning with First Nations scholarship on the custodial ethic and the model of cultural inclusion, this study highlights how Indigenous cultural values serve as both a protective and empowering factor for people with disabilities. The findings suggest that embedding Indigenous management principles within the disability sector could enhance cultural safety, service accessibility, and community-driven care models, prompting further consideration of their role in shaping inclusive and effective management practices.
People with disabilities face barriers to employment compared to people without disabilities, including the way in which employment opportunities are structured. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened up new ways of working (e.g. working from home), which have been trialled in a number of different locations, and these have the potential to widen employment opportunities for people with disabilities. It is therefore important to explore the extent to which job preferences differ between people with disabilities and people without disabilities, in particular for aspects such as teleworking. In total, 253 participants (62 male and 191 female) took part in a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that investigates participants’ preferences for various job aspects. These include discretionary medical leave, flexible scheduling, working from home, and the availability of part-time jobs. People with disabilities significantly prefer flexible scheduling and the availability of part-time jobs compared to people without disabilities. The results of a latent class analysis suggest it is older women with disabilities in particular, who most value increased flexible job design. An analysis of lexicographic preferences suggests that it is people who are most constrained by ‘traditional’ working conditions who benefit the most from increased flexibility, e.g. people who require teleworking or flexible scheduling. This suggests that wider adoption of these attributes by employers has the potential to go some way towards addressing the persistent disability employment gaps and related health inequalities observed in many countries around the world.
Chapter 7 examines how international patient movements, inspired by organizations in the USA and Western Europe, have come to see ‘de-regulation’ as a way to accelerate the translation of science into marketable medical products. But in research abroad and an international meeting hosted in the UK, conversations with international patient organisation (health organisation) representatives for Muscular Dystrophy (MD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and patients from Asia, Europe and the USA shed different light on this. Discussions show that, in a world characterized by regulatory capitalism and inequality among countries, ‘de-regulation’ cannot ‘save’ patients through increased access to experimental medicine in the same way. For, the performance of regulation in a country is contingent upon the material and organisational resources available to health organisations and the population in general in a juridical mandate. The politics of redemptive regulation in international health movements risks reconfiguring healthcare developments by a misrecognition of actual patient needs and local practices. This chapter further raises questions about the potential benefits and costs of regenerative medicine to various patient groups in societies with different standards of wealth, welfare and political governance.
This chapter analyzes how Prince’s text underscores her disabilities and illnesses resulting from the physical, emotional, and psychological abuse she encountered and the labor she performed in both enslaved and free legal situations across geopolitical locations. Her memoir also moves between past and present tenses, active and passive voices. Through these literary techniques, she emphasizes disability and mobility as hardship as well as means of acquiring agency within the legal and everyday restrictions and demands people in power in the Caribbean and Britain placed on her in daily life. Prince’s intervention in the slave narrative genre as the first-known woman-authored autobiography in the genre widens interpretative terrain about Black enslavement and freedom, as she draws our attention to her physicality, disability, movement, and agency as a woman.
Ableist culture stigmatises psychiatric and psychological conditions, which perpetuates misconceptions about them and can discourage people from seeking appropriate treatment for mental conditions. This editorial examines how pejorative use of diagnostic terms contributes to stigmatisation, identifies its discriminatory impact and explores its connection to fears about becoming disabled.
To examine associations of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores with disability and subjective health, which is prognostic of disability, in a large, systematically sampled population of older adults living in non-urban areas in Japan.
Design:
Cross-sectional. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence was used to assess disability. Both overall disability and disabilities in components of everyday competence (instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), intellectual activities and social participation) were examined. Participants who reported an inability to perform one or more activities were categorised as disabled. Subjective health was assessed based on the response to the following question: ‘In general, how do you feel about your own health?’
Setting:
Six non-urban municipalities in Japan that differ in terms of regional characteristics.
Participants:
Adults aged 65–74 years (n 7930).
Results:
DII scores were positively associated with the odds of overall disability (OR (95 % CI)) = 1·23 (1·19, 1·28)); disabilities in IADL (OR (95 % CI) = 1·10 (1·05, 1·15)); intellectual activities (OR (95 % CI) = 1·28 (1·23, 1·33)); social participation (OR (95 % CI) = 1·17 (1·13, 1·22)) and poor subjective health (OR (95 %CI) = 1·09 (1·05, 1·14)).
Conclusions:
Our results imply the importance of reducing dietary inflammation to prevent both disability and a decline in subjective health, a predictor of disability.