The fourth order average vector field (AVF) method is applied to solve the “Good” Boussinesq equation. The semi-discrete system of the “good” Boussinesq equation obtained by the pseudo-spectral method in spatial variable, which is a classical finite dimensional Hamiltonian system, is discretizated by the fourth order average vector field method. Thus, a new high order energy conservation scheme of the “good” Boussinesq equation is obtained. Numerical experiments confirm that the new high order scheme can preserve the discrete energy of the “good” Boussinesq equation exactly and simulate evolution of different solitary waves well.

We propose a method that combines Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) with the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (IPDG) method for solving the Allen-Cahn equation, arising from phase transition in materials science, on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces consisting of multiple patches. DG ideology is adopted at patch level, i.e., we employ the standard IGA within each patch, and employ the IPDG method across the patch interfaces. IGA is very suitable for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) on (3D) surfaces and the IPDG method is used to glue the multiple patches together to get the right solution. Our method takes advantage of both IGA and the IPDG method, which allows us to design a superior semi-discrete (in time) IPDG scheme. First and most importantly, the time-consuming mesh generation process in traditional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is no longer necessary and refinements, including h-refinement and p-refinement which both maintain the original geometry, can be easily performed at any level. Moreover, the flexibility of the IPDG method makes our method very easy to handle cases with non-conforming patches and different degrees across the patch interfaces. Additionally, the geometrical error is eliminated (for all conic sections) or significantly reduced at the beginning due to the geometric flexibility of IGA basis functions, especially the use of multiple patches. Finally, this method can be easily formulated and implemented. We present our semi-discrete IPDG scheme after generally describe the problem, and then briefly introduce the time marching method employed in this paper. Theoretical analysis is carried out to show that our method satisfies a discrete energy law, and achieves the optimal convergence rate with respect to the L2 norm. Furthermore, we propose an elliptic projection operator on (3D) surfaces and prove an approximation error estimate which are vital for us to obtain the error estimate in the L2 norm. Numerical tests are given to validate the theory and gauge the good performance of our method.

A new scheme for the Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation with the accuracy order of is proposed. The multi-symplectic conservation property of the new scheme is proved. The backward error analysis of the new multi-symplectic scheme is also implemented. The solitary wave evolution behaviors of the Zakharov-Kunetsov equation is investigated by the new multi-symplectic scheme. The accuracy of the scheme is analyzed.

In this paper, the G2 interpolation by Pythagorean-hodograph (PH) quintic curves in ℝd, d ≥ 2, is considered. The obtained results turn out as a useful tool in practical applications. Independently of the dimension d, they supply a G2 quintic PH spline that locally interpolates two points, two tangent directions and two curvature vectors at these points. The interpolation problem considered is reduced to a system of two polynomial equations involving only tangent lengths of the interpolating curve as unknowns. Although several solutions might exist, the way to obtain the most promising one is suggested based on a thorough asymptotic analysis of the smooth data case. The numerical algorithm traces this solution from a particular set of data to the general case by a homotopy continuation method. Numerical examples confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

This paper proposes a new family of symmetric $4$ -point ternary non-stationary subdivision schemes  that can generate the limit curves of $C^3$ continuity. The continuity of this scheme is higher than the existing 4-point ternary approximating schemes. The proposed scheme has been developed using trigonometric B-spline basis functions and analyzed using the theory of asymptotic equivalence. It has the ability to reproduce or regenerate the conic sections, trigonometric polynomials and trigonometric splines as well. Some graphical and numerical examples are being considered, by choosing an appropriate tension parameter $0<\alpha <\pi /3 $ , to show the usefulness of the proposed scheme. Moreover, the Hölder regularity and the reproduction property are also being calculated.

We present generalized and unified families of (2n)-point and (2n — 1)-point p-ary interpolating subdivision schemes originated from Lagrange polynomial for any integers n ≥ 2 and p ≥ 3. Almost all existing even-point and odd-point interpolating schemes of lower and higher arity belong to this family of schemes. We also present tensor product version of generalized and unified families of schemes. Moreover error bounds between limit curves and control polygons of schemes are also calculated. It has been observed that error bounds decrease when complexity of the scheme decrease and vice versa. Furthermore, error bounds decrease with the increase of arity of the schemes. We also observe that in general the continuity of interpolating scheme do not increase by increasing complexity and arity of the scheme.

We use front tracking data structures and functions to model the dynamic evolution of fabric surface. We represent the fabric surface by a triangulated mesh with preset equilibrium side length. The stretching and wrinkling of the surface are modeled by the mass-spring system. The external driving force is added to the fabric motion through the “Impulse method” which computes the velocity of the point mass by superposition of momentum. The mass-spring system is a nonlinear ODE system. Added by the numerical and computational analysis, we show that the spring system has an upper bound of the eigen frequency. We analyzed the system by considering two spring models and we proved in one case that all eigenvalues are imaginary and there exists an upper bound for the eigen-frequency This upper bound plays an important role in determining the numerical stability and accuracy of the ODE system. Based on this analysis, we analyzed the numerical accuracy and stability of the nonlinear spring mass system for fabric surface and its tangential and normal motion. We used the fourth order Runge-Kutta method to solve the ODE system and showed that the time step is linearly dependent on the mesh size for the system.

In this paper, we present a surface reconstruction via 2D strokes and a vector field on the strokes based on a two-step method. In the first step, from sparse strokes drawn by artists and a given vector field on the strokes, we propose a nonlinear vector interpolation combining total variation (TV) and H 1 regularization with a curl-free constraint for obtaining a dense vector field. In the second step, a height map is obtained by integrating the dense vector field in the first step. Jump discontinuities in surface and discontinuities of surface gradients can be well reconstructed without any surface distortion. We also provide a fast and efficient algorithm for solving the proposed functionals. Since vectors on the strokes are interpreted as a projection of surface gradients onto the plane, different types of strokes are easily devised to generate geometrically crucial structures such as ridge, valley, jump, bump, and dip on the surface. The stroke types help users to create a surface which they intuitively imagine from 2D strokes. We compare our results with conventional methods via many examples.

We consider the problem of minimizing the energy of $N$ points repelling each other on curves in ${{\mathbb{R}}^{d}}$ with the potential ${{\left| x\,-\,y \right|}^{-s}},\,s\,\ge \,1$ , where $\left| \cdot\right|$ is the Euclidean norm. For a sufficiently smooth, simple, closed, regular curve, we find the next order term in the asymptotics of the minimal s-energy. On our way, we also prove that at least for $s\,\ge \,2$ , the minimal pairwise distance in optimal configurations asymptotically equals $L/N,\,N\to \,\infty $ , where $L$ is the length of the curve.

This paper explores the possibilities of very simple analysis on derivation of spiral regions for a single segment of cubic function matching positional, tangential, and curvature end conditions. Spirals are curves of monotone curvature with constant sign and have the potential advantage that the minimum and maximum curvature exists at their end points. Therefore, spirals are free from singularities, inflection points, and local curvature extrema. These properties make the study of spiral segments an interesting problem both in practical and aesthetic applications, like highway or railway designing or the path planning of non-holonomic mobile robots. Our main contribution is to simplify the procedure of existence methods while keeping it stable and providing flexile constraints for easy applications of spiral segments.