Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-tbj44 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T18:59:53.786Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Above- and belowground interference of wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Martin J. Stone ,
Harry T. Cralle ,
James M. Chandler ,
Travis D. Miller ,
Rodney W. Bovey  and
Katherine H. Carson
Martin J. Stone
Affiliation:
Stonebridge Garden Center, 102 North Lavira Avenue, Claremore, OK 74017
James M. Chandler
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Travis D. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Rodney W. Bovey
Affiliation:
Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
Katherine H. Carson
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Greenhouse experiments in central Texas assessed the relative importance of above- and belowground interactions of semidwarf Mit wheat and Marshall ryegrass during vegetative growth. One experiment used partitions to compare the effect of no (controls), aboveground only, belowground only, and full interaction for 75 d after planting (DAP) one wheat and nine ryegrass plants in soil volumes of 90, 950, and 3,800 ml. The results with the different soil volumes were similar. Wheat growth in the aboveground interaction only did not differ from controls. However, the full or belowground only interaction of wheat with ryegrass reduced wheat height, leaf number, tillering, leaf area, percent total nonstructural carbohydrates in shoot, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots 45 and 75 DAP compared to controls. Wheat in full and belowground interaction only did not differ from one another in growth. A replacement series experiment of 56 d also showed that the competitive advantage of ryegrass was relatively greater in root than in shoot growth. No allelopathic response of wheat to ryegrass occurred. While the tallness of the semidwarf wheat minimized aboveground interference by ryegrass, the root growth of the thinner and more fibrous roots of ryegrass greatly enhanced its belowground competitiveness.

Keywords

Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMUwheat, Triticum aestivum L.Ryegrass competitivenesswheat competitivenessaboveground interferencebelowground interferencereplacement seriesnonstructural carbohydratesLOLMU

Information

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , August 1998 , pp. 438 - 441
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

Appleby, A. P. and Brewster, B. D. 1992. Seeding arrangement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain yield and interaction with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Weed Technol. 6: 820–823.Google Scholar
Appleby, A. P., Olson, P. D., and Colbert, D. R. 1976. Winter wheat yield reduction from interference by Italian ryegrass. Agron. J. 68: 463–466.Google Scholar
Bozsa, R. C. and Oliver, L. R. 1990. Competitive mechanisms of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and soybean (Glycine max) during seedling growth. Weed Sci. 38: 344–350.Google Scholar
Donald, C. M. 1958. The interaction of competition for light and nutrients Aust. J. Agric. Res. 9: 421–435.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1984. Wheat and ryegrass competition for pulses of mineral nitrogen. Aust. J. Agric. Anim. Husb. 24: 421–425.Google Scholar
Hashem, A. 1992. Effect of Density, Proportion, and Spatial Arrangement on the Competition of Winter Wheat and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). . Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 230 p.Google Scholar
Kunelius, H. T., Johnston, H. R., and MacLeod, J. A. 1992. Effect of undersowing barley with Italian ryegrass or red clover on yield, crop composition, and root biomass. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 38: 127–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebl, R. and Worsham, A. D. 1987. Interference of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 35: 819–823.Google Scholar
Marvel, J. M., Beyrouty, C. A., and Gbur, E. E. 1992. Response of soybean growth to root and canopy competition. Crop Sci. 32: 797–801.Google Scholar
Pavlychenlo, T. K. and Harrington, J. B. 1934. Competitive efficiency of weeds and cereal crop. Can. J. Res. 10: 77–94.Google Scholar
Rerkasem, K., Stern, W. R., and Goodchild, N. A. 1980. Associated growth of wheat and annual ryegrass. III. Effects of early competition of wheat. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 31: 1056–1067.Google Scholar
Smith, D. 1981. Removing and Analyzing Total Non-structural Carbohydrates from Plant Tissue. Wisconsin Agricultural Bull. R2107. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. 15 p.Google Scholar
Snaydon, R. W. and Howe, C. D. 1986. Root and shoot competition between established ryegrass and invading grass seedlings. J. Appl. Ecol. 23: 667–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soni, P. and Ambasht, R. S. 1977. Effect of crop-weed competition on the mineral structure of wheat crop. Agro-Ecosystems 3: 325–336.Google Scholar
Stone, M. J. 1994. The Influence of Ryegrass on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth, Yield, and Yield Components of Winter Wheat. . Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX. 100 p.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S. R. and Gross, C. F. 1964. Competition for light, soil moisture and nutrients during ladino clover establishment in orchardgrass. Agron. J. 56: 389–392.Google Scholar