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Accepted manuscript

Binary population synthesis of the Galactic canonical pulsar population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2025

Yuzhe Song*
Affiliation:
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia OzGrav, ARC Centre for Excellence of Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Simon Stevenson
Affiliation:
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia OzGrav, ARC Centre for Excellence of Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
Debatri Chattopadhyay
Affiliation:
Gravity Exploration Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3 AA, United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, 1800 Sher- man Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
Joshua Tan
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, 31-10 Thomson Ave, Long Island City, NY 11101, USA Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
Timothy A. D. Paglione
Affiliation:
Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Department of Earth & Physical Sciences, York College, City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd., Jamaica, NY 11451, USA Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Y. Song, Email: yuzhesong@swin.edu.au.
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Abstract

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Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to γ-rays. We use the rapid binary population synthesis suite COMPAS to model the Galactic population of canonical pulsars. We account for both radio and γ-ray selection effects, as well as the motion of pulsars in the Galactic potential due to natal kicks. We compare our models to the catalogues of pulsars detected in the radio, and those detected in γ-rays by Fermi, and find broad agreement with both populations. We reproduce the observed ratio of radio-loud to radio-quiet γ-ray pulsars. We further examine the possibility of low spin-down luminosity (Ė) pulsars emitting weak, unpulsed γ-ray emission and attempt to match this with results from a recent γ-ray stacking survey of these pulsars. We confirm the correlation between the latitude of a pulsar and its Ė arises due to natal kicks imparted to pulsars at birth, assuming that all pulsars are born in the Galactic disk.

Information

Type
Research Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Astronomical Society of Australia