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Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Annia Alba Open the ORCID record for Annia Alba [Opens in a new window] ,
Antonio A. Vazquez  and
Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
Annia Alba*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
Antonio A. Vazquez
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
Affiliation:
MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
*
Author for correspondence: Annia Alba, E-mail: annia.alba@gmail.com; anniaalba@infomed.sld.cu
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Abstract

The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, ‘adjusting’ capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.

Keywords

Climate changeenvironmental degradationFasciolahuman activitieslivestock productionneglected tropical diseasesparasite biologypovertywater and food security

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Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 4 , April 2021 , pp. 385 - 407
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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