Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-glrdx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-29T20:13:59.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The dissolution mechanisms of water in silicate melts; a synthesis of recent data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

S. C. Kohn
S. C. Kohn*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Rd., Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
*
* E-mail: simon.kohn@bristol.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dissolved water has significant effects on the physical and chemical properties of silicate melts. Some of the different approaches towards understanding these effects are reviewed here. Spectroscopic measurements on hydrous glasses quenched from melts provide good models for the structure of the melts at the glass transition temperature (T g). Such measurements suggest that the mechanism of dissolution of water in silicate melts varies strongly with the bulk composition. In particular framework aluminosilicate compositions seem to have very different dissolution mechanisms from Al-free compositions. The water speciation reactions are temperature dependent, with some of the molecular water which is present in glasses at room temperature being converted to hydroxyl at high temperatures. This conversion probably occurs only above T g. Data on the kinetics of the speciation reaction and the dynamics of microscopic processes in hydrous silicate melts are also discussed. Finally some important aims of future work on hydrous silicate melts are suggested

Keywords

dissolution mechanismsilicate meltglass transition temperature

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , June 2000 , pp. 389 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aines, R.D., Silver, L.A., Rossman, G.R., Stolper, E.M. and Holloway, J.R. (1983) Direct observation of water speciation in rhyolite at temperatures up to 850°C. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Prog., 15, 512.Google Scholar
Behrens, H. and Nowak, M. (1997) The mechanisms of water diffusion in polymerized silicate melts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 377–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrens, H. and Schmidt, M.O. (1998) Infrared spectroscopy of hydrous silicic glasses at temperatures up to 600°C and implications for the incorporation and dynamics of water in glasses. N. Jb. Miner. Abh., 172, 203–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrens, H., Romano, C., Nowak, M., Holtz, F. and Dingwell, D.B. (1996) Near-infrared spectroscopic determination of water species in glasses of the system MAlSi3O8 (M=Li, Na, K): an interlaboratory study. Chem. Geol., 128, 41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrens, H., Withers, A. and Zhang, Y. (1998) In situ spectroscopy on hydrous albitic and rhyolitic glasses and its implications for water speciation and water species reactions in silicate glasses and melts (extended abstract). Mineral. Mag., 62A, 139–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bezmen, N.I., Zharikov, V.A., Epelbaum, M.B., Zavelsky, V.O., Dikov, Y.P., Suk, N.I. and Koshemchuk, S.K. (1991) the system NaAlSi3O8- H2O-H2 (1200°C, 2 kbar): the solubility and interaction mechanism of fluid species with melt. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 109, 89–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, C.W. (1975) Water and magmas, a mixing model. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2659–69.Google Scholar
Burnham, C.W. (1994) Development of the Burnham model for prediction of H2O solubility in magmas. Pp. 123–9 in: Volatiles in Magmas (Carroll, M.R. and Holloway, J.R., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy, 30, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnham, C.W. and Davis, N.F. (1971) The role of H2O in silicate melts. I. PVT relations in the system NaAlSi3O8-H2O to 10 kilobars and 1000°C. Amer. J. Sci., 274, 902–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, J.D. and Navrotsky, A. (1987) Mixing properties of NaAlSi3O8 melt-H2O: New calorimetric data and some geological implications. J. Geol., 95, 173–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, K.M. and Tomozawa, M. (1996) An infrared spectroscopic study of water-related species in silica glasses. J. Non-cryst. Solids, 201, 177–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingwell, D.B. (1995) Relaxation in silicate melts: some applications. Pp. 21–66 in: St ructure s and Properties of Silicate Melts (Stebbins, J.F. McMillan, P.F. and Dingwell, D.B., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy, 32, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C.Google Scholar
Dingwell, D.B. and Webb, S.L. (1990) Relaxation in silicate melts. Eur. J. Mineral., 2, 427–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingwell, D.B., Romano, C. and Hess, K.U. (1996) The effect of water on the viscosity of a haplogranitic melt under P-T-X conditions relevant to silicic volcanism. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 124, 19–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingwell, D.B., Hess, K.U. and Romano, C. (1998) Extremely fluid behavior of hydrous peralkaline rhyolites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 158, 31–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dirken, P.J., Kohn, S.C., Smith, M.E. and van Eck, E.R.H. (1997) Complete resolution of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al fragments in an aluminosilicate glass by 17O multiple quantum magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett., 266, 568–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupree, R., Holland, D., Mortuza, M.G., Smith, M.E., Chen, A. and James, P.F. (1990) Multinuclear magnetic resonance study of Li2O-SiO2 sol-gel glasses. Mag. Res. Chem., 28, s89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, H., Yesinowski, J.P., Stolper, E.M., Stanton, T.R. and Holloway, J. (1987) The state of water in rhyolitic glasses: A deuterium NMR study. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 93, 93–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epel'baum, M.B., Stolyarova, T.A. and Salova, T.P. (1995) Thermochemical studies on rhyolite glasses. Geochem. Int., 32, 11–20.Google Scholar
Farges, F. and Brown, G.E. (1997) Effect of water on the speciation of high field strength cations in natural glasses. Terra Nova (Abstract suppl. 1), 9, 482.Google Scholar
Farnan, I. and Stebbins, J.F. (1990) High-temperature 29Si NMR investigation of solid and molten silicates. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 112, 32–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farnan, I. and Stebbins, J.F. (1994) The nature of the glass-transition in a silica rich oxide melt. Science, 265, 1206–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farnan, I., Kohn, S.C. and Dupree, R. (1987) A study of the structural role of water in hydrous silica glass using cross-polarisation magic angle spinning NMR. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 51, 2869–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaskell, P.H., Eckersley, M.C., Barnes, A.C. and Chieux, P. (1991) Medium range order in the cation distribution of a calcium silicate glass. Nature, 350, 675–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goranson, R.W. (1931) The solubility of water in granitic magmas. Amer. J. Sci., 22, 481–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grzechnik, A. and McMillan, P.F. (1998) Temperature dependence of the OH- absorption in SiO2 glass and melt to 1975K. Amer. Mineral., 83, 331–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, K.-U. and Dingwell, D.B. (1996) Viscosities of hydrous leucogranitic melts: A non-Arrhenian model. Amer. Mineral., 81, 1297–300.Google Scholar
Holtz, F., Behrens, H., Dingwell, D.B. and Taylor, R.P. (1992) Water solubility in aluminosilicate melts of haplogranite composition at 2 kbar. Chem. Geol., 96, 289–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtz, F., Behrens, H., Dingwell, D.B. and Johannes, W. (1995 a) H2O solubility in haplogranitic melts: compositional, pressure, and temperature dependence. Amer. Mineral., 80, 94–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtz, F., Beny, J.M., Roux, J., Pichanvant, M. and Behrens, H. (1995 b) Water in silica-rich and alkali feldspar glasses: evidence for two contrasting incorporation mechanisms. Eos (Fall meeting suppl.), 76, 648.Google Scholar
Holtz, F., Beny, J.M., Mysen, B.O. and Pichavant, M. (1996) High-temperature raman-spectroscopy of silicate and aluminosilicate hydrous glasses — implications for water speciation. Chem. Geol., 128, 25–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtz, F., Roux, J., Ohlhorst, S., Behrens, H. and Schulze, F. (1999) The effects of silica and water on the viscosity of hydrous quartzofeldspathic melts. Amer. Mineral., 84, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keppler, H. and Bagdassarov, N.S. (1993) Hightemperature FTIR spectra of H2O in rhyolite melt to 1300°C. Amer. Mineral., 78, 1324–7.Google Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Dupree, R., Smith, M.E. (1989 a) A multinuclear magnetic resonance study of the structure of hydrous albite glasses. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2925–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Dupree, R., Smith, M.E. (1989 b) 1H NMR studies of hydrous silicate glasses. Nature, 337, 539–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Charnock, J.M., Henderson, C.M.B. and Greaves, G.N. (1990) The structural environments of trace elements in dry and hydrous silicate glasses; a manganese and strontium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 105, 359–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Dupree, R., Mortuza, M.G. (1992) The interaction between water and aluminosilicate magmas. Chem. Geol., 96, 399–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Smith, M.E. and Dupree, R. (1994) Comment on “A model for H2O solubility mechanisms in albite melts from infrared spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculations.” By Sykes, D. and Kubicki, J.D.. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58 1377–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Smith, M.E., Van Eck, E.R.H. and Dirken, P.J. (1997) 17O NMR studies of water dissolution mechanisms in aluminosilicate glasses. Terra Nova (Abstract suppl. 1), 9, 478.Google Scholar
Kohn, S.C., Smith, M.E., Dirken, P.J., Van Eck, E.R.H., Kentgens, A.P.M. and Dupree, R. (1998) Sodium environments in dry and hydrous albite glasses. Improved 23Na solid state NMR data and their implications for water dissolution mechanisms. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 62, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kümmerlen, J., Merwin, L.H., Sebald, A., and Keppler, H. (1992) Structural role of H2O in sodium silicate glasses-results from 29Si and 1H NMR spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem., 96, 6405–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushiro, I. (1969) The system forsterite-diopside-silica with and without water at high-pressure. Amer. J. Sci., 267, 269–94.Google Scholar
Lange, R.A. (1994) The effect of H2O, CO2 and F on the density and viscosity of silicate melts. Rev. Mineral., 30, 331–69.Google Scholar
Lejeune, A.M., Holtz, F., Roux, J. and Richet, P. (1994) Rheology of an hydrous andesite: and experimental study at high viscosities. Eos 75, (Fall meeting suppl.), 724.Google Scholar
McMillan, P.F. (1984) Structural studies of silicate glasses and melts – aplications and limitations of Raman spectroscopy. Amer. Mineral., 69, 622–44.Google Scholar
McMillan, P.F. (1994) Water solubility and speciation models. Rev. Mineral., 30, 131–56.Google Scholar
McMillan, P.F. and Remmele, R.L. (1986) Hydroxyl sites in SiO2 glass: A note on infrared and Raman spectra. Amer. Mineral., 71, 772–8.Google Scholar
McMillan, P.F., Poe, B.T., Stanton, T.R. and Remmele, R.L. (1993) A Raman spectroscopic study of H/D isotopically substituted hydrous aluminosilicate glasses. Phys. Chem. Min., 19, 454–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mysen, B. (1992) Peralkalinity, AlSi substitution, and solubility mechanisms of H2O in aluminosilicate melts. J. Petrol., 33, 347–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mysen, B.O. (1998) Interaction between aqueous fluid and silicate melt in the pressure and temperature regime of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. N. Jb. Miner. Abh., 172, 227–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mysen, B.O. and Virgo, D. (1986 a) Volatiles in silicate melts at high pressure and temperature. 1. Interaction between OH groups and Si4+, Al3+, Ca2+, Na+ and H+ . Chem. Geol., 57, 303–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mysen, B.O. and Virgo, D. (1986 b) Volatiles in silicate melts at high pressure and temperature. 2. Water in melts along the join NaAlO2-SiO2 and a comparison of solubility mechanisms of water and fluorine. Chem. Geol., 57, 333–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mysen, B.O., Virgo, D. and Seifert, F.A. (1982) The structure of silicate melts: implications for chemical and physical properties of natural magma. Rev. Geophys. Space. Phys., 20, 353–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowak, M. and Behrens, H. (1995) The speciation of water in haplogranitic glasses and melts determined by in-situ near-infrared spectroscopy. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59, 3445–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowak, M. and Behrens, H. (1997) An experimental investigation on diffusion of water in haplogranitic melts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 126, 365–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nowak, M. and Keppler, H. (1998) the influence of water on the environment of transition metals in glasses. Amer. Mineral., 83, 43–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, F.A. and Lange, R.A. (1997) The partial molar volume, thermal expansivity and compressibility of H2O in NaAlSi3O8 liquid: new measurements and an internally consistent model. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 129, 155–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okuno, M., Marumo, F., Morikawa, H., Nakashima, S. and Iiyama, J.T. (1987) Structures of hydrated glasses in the albite-an orthite-q uartz system. Mineral. J., 13, 434–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pichavant, M., Holtz, F. and McMillan, P.F. (1992) Phase relations and compositional dependence of H2O solubility in quartz-feldspar melts. Chem. Geol., 96, 303–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pichavant, M., Holtz, F., Beny, J.M., Clocchiatti, R. and Behrens, H. (1997) Minerals as natural pressure vessels: In situ spectroscopy using natural hydrous silicate melt inclusions. Terra Nova (Abstract suppl. 1), 9, 478.Google Scholar
Richet, P. and Polian, A. (1998) Water as a dense icelike component in silicate glasses. Science, 281, 396–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richet, P., Lejeune, A.M., Holtz, F. and Roux, J. (1996) Water and the viscosity of andesite melts. Chem. Geol., 128, 185–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romano, C., Dingwell, D.B. and Behrens, H. (1995) the temperature dependence of speciation of water in NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8 melts: an application of . ctive temperatures derived from synthetic fl uid-inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 122, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romano, C., Dingwell, D.B., Behrens, H. and Dolfi, D. (1996) Compositional dependence of H2O solubility along the joins NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8, NaAlSi3O8-LiAlSi3O8, and KAlSi3O8-LiAlSi3O8 . Amer. Mineral., 81, 452–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaller, T. and Sebald, A. (1995) One- and twodimensional 1H magic-angle spinning experiments on hydrous silicate glasses. Solid State NMR, 5, 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, B.C., Riemer, T., Kohn, S.C. and Dupree, R. (1998) The effects of water on the structure of quartz-albite glasses quenched from hydrous melts at high P and T, an NMR spectroscopic study. Terra Nova (Abstract suppl. 1), 10, 55.Google Scholar
Schmidt, B.C., Riemer, T., Kohn, S.C., Behrens, H. and Dupree, R. (2000) Different water solubility mechanisms in hydrous glasses along the Qz-Ab join. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 64, 513–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulze, F., Behrens, H., Holtz, F., Roux, J. and Johannes, W. (1996) The influence of H2O on the viscosity of a haplogranitic melt. Amer. Mineral., 81, 1155–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seifert, F.A., Mysen, B.O. and Virgo, D. (1981) Structural similarity between glasses and melts relevant to petrological processes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 1879–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, S.K., Wang, Z. and van der Laan, S. (1996) Raman spectroscopy of oxide glasses at high pressure and high temperature. J. Raman Spectrosc., 27, 739–46.3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, S.K., Cooney, T.F.,Wang, Z. and van der Laan, S. (1997) Raman band assignments of silicate and germanate glasses using high-pressure and hightemperature spectral data. J. Raman Spectrosc., 28, 697–709.3.0.CO;2-K>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, H.R. (1972) Viscosities of magmatic silicate liquids: An empirical method of prediction. Amer. J. Sci., 272, 870–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, A. and Keppler, H. (1995) Infrared-spectroscopy of hydrous silicate melts to 1000°c and 10 kbar – direct observation of H2O speciation in a diamondanvil cell. Amer. Mineral., 80, 1335–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siewert, R., Farges, F., Behrens, H., Buettner, H. and Brown, G.E. (1997) The effect of water on he coordination of Mo in albite glass. A high-resolution XANES spectroscopic study. Eos (Fall meeting suppl.), 78, F768.Google Scholar
Silver, L. and Stolper, E. (1989) Water in albitic glasses. J. Petrol., 30, 667–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silver, L.A., Ihinger, P.D. and Stolper, E. (1990) The influence of bulk composition on the speciation of water in silicate glasses. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 104, 142–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J.F. (1988) NMR spectroscopy and dynamic processes in mineralogy and geochemistry. Pp. 405–30 in: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (Hawthorne, F.C., editor). Reviews in Mineralogy, 18, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stebbins, J.F. (1995) Dynamics and structure of silicate and oxide melts: nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Pp. 191–246 in: Structure and Properties of Silicate Melts (Stebbins, J.F. McMillan, P.F. and Dingwell, D.B., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy, 32, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolper, E.M. (1982) Water in glasses: An infrared spectroscopic study. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 81, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolper, E.M. (1989) Temperature dependence of the speciation of water in rhyolitic melts and glasses. Amer. Mineral., 74, 1247–57.Google Scholar
Sykes, D. and Kubicki, J.D. (1993) A model for H2O solubility mechanisms in albite melts from infrared spectroscopy and molecular orbital calculations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 1039–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sykes, D., Kubicki, J.D. and Farrar, T.C. (1997) Molecular orbital calculation of 27Al and 29Si NMR parameters in Q(3) and Q(4) aluminosilicate molecules and implications for the interpretation of hydrous aluminosilicate glass NMR spectra. J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 2715–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tossell, J .A. and Sàgh-Szabó, G. (1997) Aluminosilicate and borosilicate single 4-rings: effects of counterions and water on structure, stability, and spectra. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 1171–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Withers, A.C. and Behrens, H. (1999) Temperatureinduced changes in the NIR spectra of hydrous albitic and rhyolitic glasses between 300 and 100 K. Phys. Chem. Min., 27, 119–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Z., Maekawa, H., Oglesby, J.V. and Stebbins, J.F. (1998) Oxygen speciation in hydrous silicate glasses- An oxygen-17 NMR study. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 120, 9894–901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, Q.A., and Nekvasil, H. (1996) An associated solution model for albite-water melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 59–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.X., Stolper, E.M. and Ihinger, P.D. (1995) Kinetics of the reaction H2O+O=2OH in rhyolitic and albitic glasses: preliminary results. Amer. Mineral., 80, 593–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.X., Jenkins, J. and Xu, Z. (1997 a) Kinetics of the reaction H2O+O=2OH in rhyolitic glasses upon cooling: Geospeedometry and comparison with glass transition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 2167–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Belcher, R., Ihinger, P.D., Wang, L., Xu, Z. and Newman, S. (1997 b) New calibration of infrared measurement of dissolved water in rhyolitic glasses. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 3089–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotov, N. and Keppler, H. (1998) The influence of water on the structure of hydrous sodium tetrasilicate glasses. Amer. Mineral., 83, 823–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotov, N., Yanev, Y., Epelbaum, M. and Konstantinov, L. (1992) Effect of water on the structure of hydrous rhyolite glasses - X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies. J. Non-cryst Solids, 142, 234–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zotov, N., Keppler, H., Hannon, A.C. and Soper, A.K. (1996) The effect of water on the structure of silicate-glasses – a neutron-diffraction study. J. Noncryst Solids, 202, 153–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar